初升高衔接英语句法知识被动语态导学案

初升高衔接英语句法知识被动语态清单被动语态被动语态的构成被动语太的用法使用被动语态应注意的问题梳理1被动语态的构成(1)被动语态的基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词(2)各种时态的被动语态如下表：类别构成一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词一般将来时shall/willbe+动词的过去分词过去将来时should/wouldbe+动词的过去分词现在进行时________________+动词的过去分词过去进行时was/werebeing+动词的过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen+动词的过去分词过去完成时________________+动词的过去分词含有情态动词的情态动词+be+动词的过去分词梳理2被动语态的用法当我们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或需要强调或突出动作的__________时，就要用到被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。梳理3使用被动语态应注意的几个问题(1)短语动词变被动语态时，后面的介词或副词等不可丢掉。如：Thecatwastakengoodcareofbymymother.(2)主动句中，感官动词feel,see,watch等及使役动词have,make等后跟省略to的不定式，变被动句时要加不定式符号to。如：Hewasseentoethismorning.(3)含双宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时，两个宾语均可作被动句的主语。如将直接宾语变为被动句的主语时，间接宾语前要加________________如：SomebodygaveGinaapresentyesterday.Ginawasgivenapresentyesterday.ApresentwasgiventoGinayesterday.(4)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。如:happen,rise,appear,die,breakout,etrue,takeplace等。(5)连系动词以及表示状态的动词或短语不用于被动语态，如：feel,look,cost,last,stay,own,belongto等。(6)英语中有些不及物动词通常用主动形式表示被动意义。★某些连系动词，如smell,taste,sound,bee,feel,seem等。如：Theflowerssmellsweet.Theseorangestastegood.★某些可以和well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如read,write,wash,clean,draw,bum,cook等。如：Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thispenwriteswell.★某些与can’t,won’t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等。如：Thedoorwon’tshut. Thestonecan’tmove.(7)want,need,require,beworth后常用____________的主动形式表示被动意义。如：Yourhairwantcutting. Myclothesneedwashing.刷题I.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.It_____________(know)toallthattheseislandsbelongtoChina.2.I_____________(keep)afterschoolforsomethinglastFriday.3.Thisquestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.4.I_____________(invite)totheconcertyesterdaybytheGreens.5.He_____________(think)todrivebadly.6.WhenIcamein,tea_____________(serve).7.Thenewkindofpen_____________(sell)well.8.Theglass_____________(notbreak)byLeechbutbythewind.9.Allthecopiesofthenovel_____________(sell)outinthebookstore,soIhavetoborrowonefromthelibrary.10.Manykindsoftrees_____________(plant)onthehillseveryspring.11.Thethief_____________(catch)bythepoliceandsenttothepolicestation.12.Usually,mydog_____________(lookafter)bymyneighborwhenI'maway.13.Theboyworkshardatschooland_____________(praise)bytheteacherquiteoften. ・14.Sinceyourwork_____________(finish),youcangohomenow.15.Yourradio_____________(repair)anditwillbereadyinanotherhour.16.Theclassroomshould_____________(clean)everyday.17.Atallbuilding_____________(build)inourtownnextyear.18.Lookatthesebeautifulflowers!They_____________(smell)sogood.19.Goodnews!Themissingchild_____________(find)!20.Thebigearthquake_____________(last)20to30seconds.II.把下列各句改为被动句，每空一词(含缩略词)。1.Myfatherusuallycleansthegardenafterwork.Thegarden_____________usually_____________bymyfatherafterwork.2.Theteachermadethestudentscopythetext.Thestudents________________________copythetext.3.WesleytranslatestwoFrenchstorybooksintoChineseeveryyear.TwoFrenchstorybooks__________________________ChinesebyWesleyeveryyear.4.Youmustdoyourhomeworktoday.Yourhomework__________________________today.5.Theyareholdinganimportantmeetingonthethirdfloor.Animportantmeeting__________________________onthethirdfloor.6.PeoplegrowteainthesouthofChina.Tea__________________________inthesouthofChina.7.Todaypeopleuseputersinbothcitiesandtowns.Today_______________________________________peopleinbothcitiesandtowns.8.Lucydidn'tmakethemodelplanes.Themodelplanes____________________________Lucy.9.Samgavemesomeflowersthismorning.Someflowers_______________________________mebySamthismorning.10.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Anewbike_______________________________mybymyfather.III.下列各题中均有一处错误,找出井改正。1.Thishouseisbuiltin2006.2.Hisbooksweretakengoodcare.3.Myhomeworkisalwaysdidintheevening.4.Theteacherwasaskedexplainthesentenceagain.5.Anewhouseisbeenbuiltbehindourschoolthesedays.6.Theaccidentwashappenedoutsidemyhouse.7.Mybikeneedsrepaired.8.Teenagersshouldbeeducatetokeepawayfromfire.IV.阅读下列短文，用括号内所给词的适当时态和语态填空。AYesterdayevening,ablackBMW1.____________(steal)fromoutsidethehomeofMr.JohnSimpson.Mr.Simpson2.____________(telephone)thepolice.Laterthatevening,thecar3.____________(see)intheHighStreetbyMr.Simpson'swife,Laura.ItwasoutsidetheRedLionHotel.Thekeyswereinthecar,soshe4.____________(drive)ithome!Nowthepolice5.____________(look)foracarelessthief!BTheStatueofLiberty(自由女神像)1.____________(give)totheUnitedStatesbyFrance.It2.____________(be)apresentonthe100thanniversary(周年纪念日)oftheUnitedStates.TheStatueofLibertywasdesigned(设计)byFredericAugusteBartholdi.It3.____________(plete)inFranceinJuly1884.In350pieces,thestatuethen4.____________(ship)toNewYork,whereit5.____________(arrive)on17June1885.Thepieces6.____________(put)togetherandtheopeningceremony7.____________(takeplace)on28October1886.TheStatueofLiberty8.____________(be)46mhigh(93mincludingthebase).Thegoddessofliberty9.____________(hold)atorchinherrighthandandatablet(书写板)inherlefthand.OnthetabletyoucanseethedateoftheDeclarationofIndependence.Everyyear,theStatueofLiberty10.____________(visit)bymanypeoplefromallovertheworld.参考答案：【梳理I】am/is/arebeing;hadbeen【梳理2】承受者【梳理3】to或for:动词ing形式【刷题】I.1.isknown2.waskept3.isbeingdiscussed4.wasinvited5.isthought6.wasbeingserved7.sells