福建省福州八校联考2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题2

福州市八校联考高二上学期期末考试第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ATheThaicapitalBangkokisn'tjustabigcityfullofskyscrapers,shoppingmalls,andtraffic.Therearemanybeautifulspacesprovidingresidentswithfreshairandlotsofhealthyoutdooractivitiesinlandscapedareas.BenjakittiParkTheparkhasdedicated'bicycleandjoggingtracksaroundtheLakeRatchada.Thewater'sedgeisnicelyframedbysomeprettyplantlife,withcolourfulflowersaddingtothequietness.You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalfcirclecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.BenjasiriParkBenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.Thecentrepiecefountainhostsmultimediawaterdanceshows3timesdaily.TheparkoffersoutdoorsportsfacilitiesrarelyfoundatotherpublicparksinBangkok,includingabasketballcourt,rollerskating/skateboardingrink,tenniscourt,andoutdoorswimmingpool.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.ChatuchakParkChatuchakParkofferssomethingforeveryoneatthispark.Somemaywalkorjogalongthegreentracksline,whileotherscanappreciatenatureintheThaiLiteratureandHerbGarden.Thepark'snorthernendhasmanytenniscourtsandsoccerfields.Whileyou'rethere,makesurenottomisstheTrainMuseumandYouthTrafficGarden.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.SanamLuangParkSanamLuangParkhasbeenaroundsincethefoundingofBangkokin1782.TakepartinthekiteflyingfestivalinMarchindifferentshapesandsizesfloatinginthesky.Onmostdays;youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.1.Whichparkopensearliesteveryday?A.BenjakittiPark. B.BenjasiriPark.C.ChatuchakPark. D.SanamLuangPark.2.WhatisspecialinBenjasiriParkparedwiththeotherthreeparks?A.Colorfulflowers. B.TraditionalsculpturesC.Soccerfields. D.Walkingtracks.3.WhatdoBenjakittiParkandSanamLuangParkbothhave?A.Atenniscourt. B.Someskatetracks.C.Avolleyballcourt. D.Somepicnicspots.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是泰国首都曼谷的四个公园。【1题详解】细节理解题。对比四个公园的开放时间“OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.（营业时间：每天早上5点至晚上9点。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.（营业时间：每天早上5点至晚上9点。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.（营业时间：每天早上4:30至晚上9点。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.（营业时间：每天早上5点至晚上10点。））”可知，开门最早的公园是ChatuchakPark。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据BenjasiriPark部分的“BenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.（Benjasiri公园是雕塑爱好者的地方，公园周围有一些最好的泰国雕塑，反映了历史特征。）”可知，与其他三个公园相比，Benjasiri公园的特别之处是传统雕塑。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据BenjakittiPark中的“You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalfcirclecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.（你还会发现溜冰跑道，有喷泉的中央凉亭，以及令人印象深刻的半圆形庭院，那里是野餐的好去处。）”和SanamLuangPark中的“Onmostdays,youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.（在大多数日子里，在微风拂面的傍晚，你可以一边享受家庭野餐，一边观看激动人心的排球比赛。）”可知，Benjakitti公园和SanamLuang公园都有一些野餐的地方。故选D。BJapanisanationthatappreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners.Yet,whenitestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbetheloudestintheworld.AccordingtolifestylewebsiteGrapee.jp,slurping(发出啧啧声)wheneatingnoodlesisencouragedinJapaneseculture.It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhance(提高)theflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.Itwasnotuntilanewexpression—“noodleharassment”—cameoutonsocialmediathatJapanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem.Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsunfortable.Asaresponse,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedasocallednoisecanceling(降噪的)forklastmonth.Theforklookslikeanelectrictoothbrush.Itisconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphone.Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.Theythinktheybuildaconnectionwiththefoodinthisway.However,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithforksmightfinditunacceptabletogettheirhandscoveredinoilorsauce.ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.“So,ifyouareeatingnoodles,pleaseslurpasyoulike,"wroteaJapanesefoodblogger.“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,ignorethem.They'remissingthepointentirely."4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforslurpingwheneatingnoodles,accordingtothetext?A.Coolingthenoodlesdown. B.Makingthenoodlesmoretasty.C.Showinggreatrespectforthenoodles. D.Addingtothepleasureofeatingnoodles.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harassment"meaninparagraph3mean?A.Anxiety. B.Annoyance.C.Politeness. D.Appreciation6.Howdoesthenoisecancelingforkwork?A.Theforkremovestheslurpingnoise.B.Theforkcanbeusedasanelectrictoothbrush.C.Asmartphoneremindstheusertostopslurpingifasignalissenttoit.D.Asmartphoneplaysasoundtohidethenoisewhenitreceivesasignal.7.WhydoestheauthormentionpeopleinIndiainthispassage?A.ToshowthatforksareunnecessaryinIndianculture.B.Togiveanexampletoshowculturaldifferencearenormal.C.ToshowIndiahasspecialdinningtraditionandtablemanners.D.TotellusthedifferencesineatinghabitsbetweenIndiaandJapan.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了日本啜食文化产生的影响，也说明了文化差异是一种正常现象。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhancetheflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.”（人们相信，将空气送入口中可以增强面条的味道，并有助于冷却食物。这也被认为是一种对这道菜表示欣赏的方式。有时候，仅仅是发出声响似乎就能让面条更美味）可知，吃面条发出声音可以冷却面条，可以使面条更美味，还可以表示对面条的欣赏和喜欢，但不能表达敬意。故选C项。2.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段关键句中“Japanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem”（日本人开始意识到这个问题）及“Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsunfortable.”（他们发现这种声音让一些外国游客感到不舒服）可知，“noodleharassment”表示日本人吃面条的方式给外国人造成了烦恼。harassment与annoyance词义相近。故选B项。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段关键句“Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.”（当使用叉子的人开始发出声音时，叉子会向这个人的发送一个信号。然后，会播放一种声音来掩盖咀嚼的声音）可知，噪音消除叉通过传送信号到对应用餐人的里，播放声音来掩盖噪音起效果。故选D项。4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.”（但这真的有必要吗?用餐传统和餐桌礼仪各不相同。在印度，人们用手吃东西）及“ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.”（但这种饮食方式是印度文化的一部分，就像日本的啜食是其文化的一部分一样）可以推测，作者提及印度人用餐方式是为了举例说明文化差异是正常的。故选B项。CBlindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.Thedevice,whichisaboutassensitivetolightandhassharpervisionandafasterreactiontimethanarealeyeball,mayoutperformhumaneyes.Thehumaneyeowesitswidefieldofviewandcleareyesighttotheretina(视网膜)—anareaatthebackoftheeyeballcoveredinlightdetectingcells.Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylightsensitivematerial.Atthebackoftheeyeball,anartificialretinaislinedwithNanscalelightsensors(纳米级光感器).Thosesensorsmeasurelightthatpassesthroughthelens(晶状体)atthefrontoftheeye.Wiresattachedtothebackoftheretinasendsignalsfromthosesensorstotheprocessor,similartothewaynervenetworksconnecttheeyeballtothebrain.“Inthefuture,wecanusethistoreplacedamagedhumaneyes,”saystheleaddesigner.Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlightdetectingcellspersquarecentimeter.Besides,theartificialeyeballrecordschangesinlightingfasterthanhumaneyescan—withinabout30to40milliseconds,ratherthan40to150milliseconds.Althoughits100degreefieldofviewisn’tasbroadasthe150degreesahumaneyecantakein,thedevicecanseeaswellasthehumaneyeinpoorlight.HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.8.WhydoesZhiyongFandeveloptheartificialeye?A.Toreplacepeople’srealeyeballs. B.Togainasharpervision.C.Tohelptheblindregaintheireyesight. D.Tohelpnormaleyesperformbetter.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedesignoftheartificialeye.B.Thestructureofthehumaneye.C.Theadvantagesoftheartificialeye.D.Thematerialusedfortheartificialeye.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialeyeandthehumaneye?A.Theyhavethesamestructure.B.Theartificialeyemayseemoreclearly.C.Thehumaneyeseesbetterinweaklight.D.Theartificialeyetakesinabroaderview.11.WhichwordbestdescribesHongruiJiang’sattitudetotheartificialeye?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Ambiguous.【答案】8C9.A10.B11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了香港科技大学的一位科学家开发人工眼帮助盲人重获光明。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Blindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.”（盲人长期以来一直渴望光明，但科学家们没有这项技术。为了让这一点更接近现实，香港科技大学材料科学家范志勇最近开发了一种新的人工眼。）可知，发明人工眼的目的是帮助盲人重获光明。故选C项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。由第二段“Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylightsensitivematerial.”（新型人工眼的设计基于人眼的结构，并使用了一种友好的光敏材料。）可知，第二段主要讲人工眼的结构设计。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlightdetectingcellspersquarecentimeter.”（理论上，这种人造眼比人眼看得更清楚，因为人造视网膜每平方厘米包含大约4.6亿个光传感器，而真正的视网膜每平方厘米有大约1000万个光检测细胞。）可知，理论上人工眼可能比真正的眼睛看得更清楚。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由尾段“HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.”（不过，威斯康星大学的电气工程师姜宏瑞认为，工程师们需要一种更实用、更有效的方法，在人造眼球的背面生产大量的细线，使其具有超人的视力，而这很难实现。）可知，他认为科学家们设想的很难达成。持怀疑的态度。故选A项。DChina’syoungpeoplehavecreatedyetanotherwordtoreflecttheirgrowingdisappointmentwiththestressfulworkculture.Thenewlifestylehotword,tangping,isanactionratherthanafeeling—decidingtojustgoby,usingaminimumeffortatanunsatisfactoryjob.Wendysaidthatherlyingdownphilosophycouldbesummedupas“Puttingthepeacefulnessofthebodyandsoulfirst.”“Accordingtothemainstreamstandard,agoodlifestylemustincludeworkinghard,tryingtogetgoodresultsonworkevaluations,strugglingtobuyahouseandacar,andhavingbabies,”shesaid,“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.”TangpinghaseunderfirefromChinesestatemedia.“Nomatterwhat,youngpeoplemusthaveconfidenceinthefuture,”readanewspaper.“Chinaistheworld’smostpopulouscountry,withrichlaborresourcesandahugemarketadvantage.Theonlyhappylifeisahardworkinglife.“Thelyingdownmunityobviouslyisn’tgoodforthecountry’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,”saidGuangmingDaily.However,thenewspaperaddedthattangpingshouldn’tbeignoredwithoutreflection:ifChinawantstoencouragehardworkintheyounggeneration,itshouldfirsttrytoimprovetheirqualityoflife.“Thestateisworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenifeveryonestoppedworking,”saidHuangPing,aliteratureprofessor.“Buthumansaren’tmerelytoolsformakingthings,”hesaid.Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.“Whenyoucan’tcatchupwithsociety’sdevelopment—say,highhouseprices—tangpingisactuallythemostpracticalchoice.”hesaid.Lyingdowncanbeseenastheoppositeofinvolution(内卷),referringtosocietiesbeingtrappedincontinualcyclesofpetition.“Inarelativelygoodsocialenvironment,peoplemayfeelinvoluted,butatleastthey’retrying”hesaid.“Ifit’sworse,peoplewilltangping.”Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverepetitiononceandforall.12.WhatisWendy’sgoalinlife?A.Tokeepupwithsociety’sdevelopment. B.Todependonhersavingstolive.C.Togetpromotedinherpany. D.Tobehighlyevaluatedatwork.13.Whatdostatemediathinktheyoungshoulddo?A.Improvetheirqualityoflife. B.ReflectonChina’sdevelopment.C.Basetheirfutureonhardwork. D.Liveahappylifebylyingdown.14.WhatdoesProfessorHuangthinkofthe“lyingdown”style?A.Itmeanslowqualityoflifefortheyoung.B.Itpreventsthedevelopmentofsociety.C.Itmotivatestheyoungtoweletheirfuture.D.Itremovestheheavylifepressurefromtheyoung.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Ahealthysocietydoesn’tinvolvepetition.B.Youngpeoplepreferinvolutiontotangping.C.Severepetitionisthemaincauseoflyingdown.D.Moreactiveyoungpeoplefavourseverepetition.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国的流行热词“躺平”，及其背后所反映的社会问题与现象。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.(然而，我期待“完全躺平”——辞掉工作，靠积蓄谋生)”可知，Wendy打算依赖她的存款生活。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“Theonlyhappylifeisahardworkinglife.(唯一幸福的生活是勤劳的生活)”可知，媒体认为年轻人应该通过努力工作，创造未来。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由第四段“Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.(躺平是一种合理的选择，而不是消极的态度。对于一些年轻人来说，这是他们减压的一种方式)”可知，黄教授认为躺平生活方式消除了年轻人沉重的生活压力。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由尾段“Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverepetitiononceandforall.(或者，年轻一代中更有动力的人接受了FIRE——“财务独立，提早退休”——希望有一天能一劳永逸地摆脱激烈的竞争)”可知，竞争压力大才是大家选择躺平模式的主要原因。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodsparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfries,itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.E20.F【解析】【分析】本文为说明文，介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。【16题详解】根据下一句“Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品，所以本句与等待时间有关，表达“但是在预定之前先等一下”。故A选项“但是在预定之前先等一下”切题。故选A。【17题详解】根据前文连发的两个问句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人，那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢?根据下一句可知，这恰恰是要离开的时刻，可知，本句在表达“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了。”故D选项“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”切题。故选D。【18题详解】根据本段开头提示，可知一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，在进行客观结果描述，所以排除易错选项F，同时，下一句在解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。可知空处所在句要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。故G选项“大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显”切题。故选选G。【19题详解】从下一句“当检测健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。”可以得知空格内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故E选项“然而，健康食物的味道就不一样了。”切题。故选E。【20题详解】根据前句“itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo."（最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟香甜的味道）与选项中“It’sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.(闻到味道与吃到它是一样可以满足愿望的。)承接自然，话题一致。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读短文，从文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo,however,isanaerospace____21____wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory____22____fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探测器).HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto____23____exploringit?That'sataleof____24____writteninthestars.Bornin1983,evenasayounggirlTrujillowas____25____ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe'dbeableto____26____inamaledominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime,she____27____theoffer.Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping____28____toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher____29____.Butshedidn't______30______"Isaweverythingingmywayasanopportunity."Thencameanotherlifechangingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙语国家的)womantobe______31______totheNASAAcademy.Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.ThisFebruary,whenthePerseverancerover______32______onthesurfaceofMars,itwas______33______bymentary(解说)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage______34______.Trujillo'sownstoryis______35______thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.21.A.astronaut B.pilot C.engineer D.guide22.A.eager B.responsible C.concerned D.grateful23.A.actually B.hardly C.accurately D.repeatedly24.A.innovation B.kindness C.passion D.sympathy25.A.certain B.approved C.afraid D.fond26.A.respond B.rise C.invest D.apply27.A.madeup B.turnedup C.pickedup D.tookup28.A.measures B.activities C.jobs D.courses29.A.studies B.purchases C.recreations D.trips30.A.clarify B.fear C.perceive D.plain31.A.applied B.admitted C.assigned D.introduced32.A.originated B.generated C.landed D.waited33.A.acpanied B.distracted C.estimated D.occupied34.A.theory B.broadcast C.ment D.performance35.A.career B.information C.petence D.proof【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Trujillo作为一位女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为了美国宇航局的工程师的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程师，她领导着美国宇航局实验室的一个团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A.astronaut宇航员；B.pilot飞行员；C.engineer工程师；D.guide指导；向导。根据下文“Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.”可知，Trujillo成为美国宇航局工程师。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程师，她领导着美国宇航局实验室的一个团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A.eager渴望的；B.responsible负责任的；C.concerned担心的；D.grateful感激的。beresponsiblefor负责……。根据“Trujillo,however,isanaerospace____1____wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory”可知，Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo是如何从只是梦想着宇宙变成真正的探索宇宙的呢？A.actually事实上；B.hardly几乎不；C.accurately准确地；D.repeatedly重复地。根据“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverse”可知，Trujillo从梦想变成了现实，在现实中真正的探索宇宙。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个写在星星上的充满激情的故事。A.innovation创新；B.kindness善良；C.passion热情；D.sympathy同情。根据文章开头“ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.”可知，对于一个女孩要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这位女孩做到了。所以此处表达她的整个经历充满了激情。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo出生于1983年，尽管她还是个小女孩，但她肯定自己对科学的热情。A.certain确信的；B.approved赞成的；C.afraid害怕的；担心的；D.fond喜爱的。根据上文“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto3exploringit?”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，结合此句中的even，所以此处表示甚至在她还很小时，就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她不确定自己在一个男性主导的领域地位能提高多少。A.respond回应；B.rise上升；地位提高；C.invest投资；投入；D.apply申请；应用。根据“inamaledominatedfield”可知，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道的努力和坚持让自己能走多远，地位能提高多少。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当时只有17岁，她接受了这个提议。A.madeup编造；B.turnedup出现；调大；C.pickedup捡起；学会；D.tookup接受（建议或主意）；占据。根据“ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.”她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文“Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping8toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo做了一系列家务活，让自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。A.measures措施；B.activities活动；C.jobs工作；D.courses课程。根据“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”可知，她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作，挣钱让自己完成学业。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时她打扫浴室以帮助她完成学业。A.studies学习；研究；B.purchases购买东西；C.recreations休闲活动；D.trips旅行。根据“Sometimesshewascleaningbathrooms”可知，Trujillo通过打扫浴室帮助自己完成学业。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她没有抱怨，她把一切都看成是一个机会。A.clarify阐明；B.fear害怕；C.perceive认为；D.plain抱怨。根据“Isaweverythingingmywayasanopportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以尽管学习完成不易，但是她不抱怨。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成为第一个被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙女性。A.applied申请；应用；B.admitted承认；准许……进入；C.assigned分配；分派；D.introduced介绍。beadmittedto被……录取。根据“Thencameanotherlifechangingmoment.”可知，Trujillo被美国宇航局学院录取，这是它人生的转折点。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年2月，当“毅力号”火星车在火星表面着陆时，美国宇航局同时广播了Trujillo的解说，这是首次西班牙语的播报。A.originated起源；B.generated产生；C.landed降落；着陆；D.waited等待。根据“onthesurfaceofMars,”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年2月，当“毅力号”火星车在火星表面着陆时，美国宇航局同时广播了Trujillo的解说，这是首次西班牙语的播报。A.acpanied陪伴；伴随；B.distracted分散；C.estimated估计；D.occupied占据。根据“bymentary(解说)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage____14____.”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年2月，当“毅力号”火星车在火星表面着陆时，美国宇航局同时广播了Trujillo的解说，这是首次西班牙语的播报。A.theory理论；B.broadcast广播节目；C.ment评论；D.performance表演；表现。根据“itwas____13____bymentary(解说)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage”可知，“毅力号”在火星着陆时，广播播报Trujillo用西班牙语所做的解说。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近星星的人。A.career职业；B.information信息；C.petence能力；胜任；D.proof证据；证明。根据“justbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.”可知，她的故事是一种证明，表明了越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近宇宙的人。故选D。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theremainsofagoldmaskareamongthe3,000yearoldartifacts(历史文物)foundatSanxingdui,a4.6squaremileareaoutsideChengdu,capitalofSichuanprovince.___36___(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.Morethan50000ancientartifacts___37___(find)atSanxingduisincethe1920s,whenalocalfarmer___38___(accidental)cameuponanumberofrelicsatthesite.Amajorbreakthrough___39___(occur)in1986,withthediscoveryoftwoceremonialpitscontainingover1,000items.Discoveriesmadeatthesitedatebacktothe12thand11thcenturiesBC,andmanyoftheitemsarenow___40___displayatanonsitemuseum.Thesitehaspletelychangedexperts’understandingof___41___theancientcivilizationdevelopedinChina.Inparticular,___42___(evident)suggeststhattheuniqueancientShusocietydevelopedindependentlyofneighboringculturesintheYellowRiverValley,___43___wastraditionallyconsideredtobetheoriginofChinesecivilization.AlongwithotherShuarchaeological___44___(site),itiscreditedbytheUNas“___45___outstandingrepresentativeoftheBronzeAgeCivilizationofChina,EastAsiaandeventheworld.”【答案】36.Weighing37.havebeenfound38accidentally39.occurred40.on41.how42.evidence43.which44.sites45.an【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三星堆遗址又有重大发现——发现黄金面具。【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：这个面具重约280克，估计由84%的黄金制成，是三星堆新发现的六个“祭祀坑”出土的500多件物品之一。分析句子结构可知，“themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.”是主句，“________(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,”是非谓语动词做状语，且动词weigh(有......重；重达)的逻辑主语是主句主语themask(面具)，且二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Weighing。2.考查时态和语态。句意：自20世纪20年代以来，在三星堆发现了5万多件文物，当时是一位当地农民偶然发现了一些文物。分析句子结构可知，此处做谓语，根据时间标志词“sincethe1920s”(自从20世纪20年代以来)可知，此处应该用现在完成时，且主语是Morethan50,000ancientartifacts(5万多件文物)，是复数，主语与动词find二者之间是被动关系，所以应用现在完成时的被动，即havebeenfound，故填havebeenfound。3.考查副词。句意：自20世纪20年代以来，在三星堆发现了5万多件文物，当时是一位当地农民偶然发现了一些文物。由空后的动词短语cameupon(偶然遇到；碰到)可知，此处用副词修饰，故填accidently。4.考查时态。句意：1986年有一个重大突破，那就是发现了两个仪式坑，里面有超过1000件物品。分析句子结构可知，此处做谓语，且句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，且occur(发生)是不及物动词，无被动形式，故填occurred。5.考查介词。句意：这个遗址的发现可以追溯到公元前12和11世纪，许多物品现在在一个现场博物馆展出。Ondisplay是固定搭配，表示“展出”，故填on。6.考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这个遗址完全改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。分析句子结构可知，句子“_____theancientcivilizationdevelopedi