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CARRY

carryaway运走;使失去自制力

Donotgetcarryaway

Helethisangercarryhimaway

carrydown搬下,取下;继承

WemustcarrydownanddevelopMay4thglorioustradition

carryforward发扬;结转

WemustcarryforwardtheParty'sfinestyleofwork

carryo在夺去…的生命;获得,成功对付

Thispianopieceisdifficulttocarryoff彳艮难弹

Fmwonderingifhewillcarryofftheprize获得奖牌

Isn'theafraidsomeonewillcomeandcarryyouoff?强彳亍带走

carryon继续开展,坚持;经营

Hecarriesontheworksuccessfully

Carryonaloveaffair正在谈恋爱

carryout完成,实现,贯彻,执行

Carryover继续下去,遗留下来

TherightstothepropertycarryovertoMrsCody

CATCH

catchat想抓住,渴望获得

Hewillcatchatanyexcuse

catchoff睡着

catchsboffguard乘虚而入

catchon理解;流行

He'salwaysthelasttocatchon

Thissongfailedtocatchon

catchout发现某人有错

Askmeanythingyoulike—youwon'tcatchmeout.你尽管问吧,决问不倒我

catchup赶上;缠住

Itseemedthatshewasalwayscaughtupinthehousehold.看来她总是家务缠身

COME

comeabout发生,产生,改变方向

comeacross偶遇

PerhapsIshallcomeacrosshiminShanghai

comealive活跃起来,看起来像真的一样

Skillfullightingmadethescenecomealive

comealong陪伴

comearound恢复知觉;来访;前来

Hewillcomearound.他会想通的

Anewyearhascomearound

comeby得到取得;经过

Howdidyoucomebythistool?你怎么得到这件工具的?

comedown卜'来,倒塌,没落,病倒,捐钱,流传下来,垂下

comeforth出现,涌现,

Whenweaskforvolunteer,manyyoungmencomeforth.许多年轻人站了出来。

comeforward自告奋勇,自愿;(建议等)被提出讨论

Willnoonecomeforwardasacandidate?

comeinto进入,得到,继承继承,取得

comeintoafortune继承一笔遗产

comeoff离开,举行,实现成为

Theprophecyhavecomeoff.预言中的了。

Thepainthascomeoff.油漆脱落了。

comeout罢工;真相大白;出版

Howdidthingscomeout事情的结果如何

Themenhavecomeout.人们已罢工了

Whenwillhisnewnovelcomeout?

comethrough经历,脱险,

Mymotherhascomethrough

comeunder归入

Articlesonsoilcomeunder"agriculture".

CUT

cutacross抄近路

Wemayaswellcutacrosstheplayground.我们不妨从运动场上穿过去。

cutback修剪;削减

Cutbacktheshootsofaplant剪短植物新抽的嫩枝

Thespendingshouldbecutback

cutin插嘴,插入

MayIcutin?我可以插句话吗?

cutoff切断,断绝

cutup切碎;胡闹

Jacklikestocutupinclass在上课胡闹

Hecutupthemeat.他把肉切碎

cutdown砍倒

cutout切掉;裁剪出;停止

Cutouttheextratext.删除这个多余的文本

DRAW

drawaway超过竞争对手

Onthefourthlap,hestartedtodrawawayfromtherest.跑到第四圈,他开始把其余

的人都甩到后面去了。

drawback退后;退缩

Heisnotthesortofpersonevertodrawback.他不是逃避责任的那种人。

drawdown耗尽:消费或花费而事耗尽:

Drawdowngoldreserves耗尽黄金储备

drawon穿上戴上;临近;利用

aseveningdrawson.当夜晚来临

drawup草拟;拟订

drawupacontract;drawupalist

drawin(火车、汽车)到站;吸引

Thisfilmisdrawinginlargecrowdseverynight.这部影片每天晚上都吸引着大批观

众。

GET

Getacross使…被理解;过…

shecannotgetherideasacross.她的想法别人不能理解。

Getalongwith

Getat了解;暗示指责

Ididn'tseewhathewasgettingatuntilhesaidheforgothiswallet.我一直不懂彳也在

暗示什么直到他说出忘了钱夹的事。

Icannotgetatthemeaningofthissentence.我不能理解这句句子的意思。

Getby过去

Pleaseletmegetby.请让我过去。

Getin请…来;到达;收获

Getthedoctorin.把医生请到家里来。

Getoff动身

Theygotoffimmediatelyafterkmch.他们吃过午饭马上就动身了

Getover克服熬过;

Shecan*tgetoverhershyness.她无法克服她的羞怯心理。

Fmgladtogetmyoperationover.熬到了手术结束,我很高兴。

Getthrough完成;(测验)合格

Whenyougetthroughwithyourwork,let'sgoout.你完成工作后,我们出去吧。

activate-active-activity-actively-activist-inactive-activism

administer-administrate-administration-administrative-administrator

character-characterize-characteristic(n&adj)-characteristically

compare-comparison-comparative-comparable-comparatively

compete-competence-competent-competently-competition-competitive

-competitor-incomparable

conclude-conclusive-conclusion

consider-considerable-considerate-consideration-considering

persist-persistence-persistent-persistency

Keeptrackof与……保持接触,跟上……的进程或发展,明了

Keepup保持

Keepupwith赶上,跟上

Knowsbbysight跟某人面熟

Layaside搁置,积蓄

Laydown放下,放弃

Layoff解雇,停止工作,休息

Layout摆开,展示,布置,安排

Lendcreditto使更可信,证实

Liveupto遵守,实践,不辜负

Lookup向上看,尊敬,仰望,查询,拜访,好转

Makeprovisionfor为....做好准备,为....采取预先措施

Makesenseof弄懂...的意思

Makeup捏造,化妆

Movealong向前移动

Moveoff离开

Moveon继续前进

Moveout搬出,开始行动

Noneotherthan不是别的,正是...

Onoccasion有时

Onpurpose故意地

Onthescene在场

Onthespot在现场

Onview展览着,上映着

Outofbreath上气不接下气地

Outofcontrol不受控制地

Outofstock脱销地

Outofturn不按顺序地,不合时宜地,鲁莽地

Passoff发生,顺利完成

Passover不考虑,忽略,忽视

Payup付清钱

Pickup捡起,用车接送,使恢复精神,自然而然地学会,获得

Preyon捕食,掠夺

Pullback把……向后拉,反悔,(使)撤退,紧缩开支

Pullout(火车)离站,离开,撤离

Pullround脱离危险期,恢复健康

Pullthrough脱离危险期,恢复健康,度过难关,克服困难

Pullup(使)停下,(比赛中)赶上,追上,制止,责备(骂)

Putacross讲清楚,使人接受

Putby把...放在一边,储存,回避

Putdown记下来,写下来

Putoff推迟,关掉,使不高兴,使反感

Putout伸出(手等),熄灭(火等)

Putover使被理解,传达……的意义,(尤指用欺骗手段)做成

Putsbthrough为某人接通电话

Putsthright纠正某事

Putupwith忍受

Putup抬起,张贴,提出(请愿,建议,问题等)

Reachagreementupon双方就...达成一致意见,达成协议

Reachagreementwithsb与...达成协议

Refrainsb/oneselffrom忍住,克制

Revengeoneselfonsb向某人报仇

Seesbout送某人到门U

Seesbthrough帮助...度过(困难)

Seeto关注,关照,留意,注意

Showaround带某人参观,为某人做向导

Showoff炫耀,卖弄

Showup出现

Sidewithsb与某人采取同样的立场,支持某人

Standup经得起

Stepaside让职位给别人,下台

Stepback退回

Stepup扩大,加速

Subscribeto向...捐款,订阅

Takeon呈现,承担(义务,责任等),盛气凌人

Totheexclusionof把...排除在外

Turndown拒绝某人、建议或忠告,调低速度、音量、强度或流量

Turnin交还,上交

Turnout生产,产出,关上,关掉,结果是

Turnsbout将某人撵出去,使搬走,撤退

Turnup意外地发生,出现,增加速度、音量、强度或流量

Withoutfail务必,必定

5*专业四级语法总结

虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)

SectionOne:

(GeneralInformation)

第一部分:概述

虚拟语气

条件句的类型

虚拟语气的类型

例题

其他条件句

虚拟语气类型

宾语从句

状语从句

名词性从句(主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句)

定语从句

特殊类型(感叹句)

省略if的虚拟法(倒装)

Examples

Therapidchangeofsocietyrequiresthatcollegestudentsadapttotheworldoutside

campusbygettingtoknowthesociety.

Iwouldratherthatyoudidnothingforthetimebeing.

IwishthatIwereastudentagain.

IwishedthatIhadfollowedhissuggestion.

名词性从句中的虚拟

主语从句(itis+adj./p.pthat)

同位语从句(The+n.that)

表语从句(n.+bethat)

省略if的虚拟法(倒装)(1)

虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if/whether省略,从句中需要倒装,提前助动词(系

动词)或情态动词。

Eg.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotbeabletohavethesportsmeeting.

=Shoulditraintomorrow,weshouldnotbeabletohavethesportsmeeting.

省略if的虚拟法(倒装)(2)

Eg.Whetherit(may)befineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.

=Beitfineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.

Ifshehadbeengivenmoreinformation,shecouldhaveansweredthequestions.

=Hadshebeengivenmoreinformation,shecouldhaveansweredthequestions.

虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)

SectionTwo:第二部分详解(DetailedPoints)

&

总结(Summary)

虚拟语气的动词标志

''insist,suggest,require,request,demand,propose,prefer,maintain,move,urge,

recommend,command,order”等动词表”建议、愿望”时,其后宾语从句中谓语动词

要用虚拟语气。Should+V

wish其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。{

虚拟语气的名词标志

1"necessity”或“suggestion”等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词

要用虚拟语气。

2名词word表“命令”时,其后主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动

词需用虚拟语气(should)+Vo

3wish作名词时其后主语从句,表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词需用虚拟

语气(should)+V。

虚拟语气的形容词标志

Itis+adj.that句型中出现形容词如necessary,important,vital,decisive,critical,

crucial,urgent,strange,desirable,advisable,disappointing,或过去分词充当的形容

词如suggested,proposed,advised,demanded,requested,required等时,that句中

用should+V表示虚拟。

虚拟的介词标志

Butfor相当于ifithadnotbeenfor。Butforherhelp,Iwouldhavelostmy

way.

Without,intheabsenceof等组成的短语可相当于一个虚拟的条件从句。

Withoutthelightandheatofthesun,whatwouldbecomeofalltheanimalsonearth?

Intheabsenceofwater,plantswouldnotgrowwell.

Under...condition,也可相当于一个虚拟条件从句。

Undermorefavorableconditions,wewouldhavemademoreachievements.

错综时间的虚拟

条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式可与主句中谓语动词的形式不“配套”,即错综时

间的虚拟。

IfhehaddoneasIhadsuggestedthen,hewouldn'tberegretfulnow.

Iftheyhadn'tfoundusthen,wewouldstillbemissingonthesea.IfIhadn'tmade

sufficientpreparationfortheexamthen,Iwouldn'tbeincollegenow.

虚拟和事实

(前虚拟后事实)标志:butEg.Iwould

havegonetothepartywithyou,butIwastoobusy.

=IfIhadn'tbeentoobusy,Iwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou.

(前事实后虚拟)标志:otherwiseEg.Iwastoobusythen,

otherwiseIwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou.

MoreInformation

was(were)+tohavedone(不定式完成式)表示“原来想做而未做“后面通常but...

(陈述语气)。

Eg.Iwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.

hadhoped表示过去未实现的愿望,其从句中谓语动词要用虚拟would+Vo

Eg.Ihadhopedthathewouldagreetolendmethemoney.

TagQuestions

反意疑问句

DetailedPoints

助动词?情态动词?Haveto

反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有haveto时,附加疑问句通常用助动词do。

Youhavetostudyhard,don'tyou?

Idon'thavetogetupearly,doI?

Theyhadtoobeytherulesandregulationsoftheschool,didn'tthey?

Shedidn'thavetodoitherself,didshe?

助动词?情态动词?Need

反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时,need做情态动词,附加疑问句仍用need,

need做实义动词时,附加问句用助动词do。

Theyneedn'tmakesuchaloudnoise,needthey?

Heneedsthemoneyforhisson'seducation,doesn'the?

助动词?情态动词?Hadbetter

反意疑问句的陈述部分为hadbetter时,附加问用助动词had。

Youhadbettergoatonce,hadn'tyou?

We'dbettercalloffourappointment,hadn'twe?

助动词?情态动词?Wouldrather

反意疑问句的陈述部分为wouldrather时;附加问句用情态动词wouldo

You'drathernotdoit,wouldyou?

Shewouldratherdiethansurrendertotheenemy,wouldn'tshe?

助动词?情态动词?Usedto

反意疑问句的陈述部分为usedto时,附加问句用助动词dido

YouusedtostayuplateeveryeveningwatchingTV,didn'tyou?

助动词?情态动词?Oughtto

反意疑问句的陈述部分为oughtto时,附加问句用助动词should.

Sheoughttogobyplane,shouldn'tshe?

Weoughtnottolaughatothers9mistakes,shouldwe?

助动词?情态动词?Must

反意疑问句的陈述部分有must,附加问句分三种情况:

(Dmustdo-mustn't

⑵mustbe一随人称用系动词一般现在时

(3)musthavedone-didn't

①Wemustbooktheticketinadvance,mustn'twe?(必须)

②Shemustbeintheoffice,isn9tshe?(肯定)对现在事情的肯定猜测。

③Hemusthavedonehishomework,didn'the?(肯定)对过去事情的肯定猜测。

助动词?情态动词?Wish

反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时;附加问句用情态动词mayo

Iwishtoshakehandswithyou,mayI?

人称和数(1)

陈述部分主语是T,时,附加问句的人称分二种情况:

(1)1hopethat...,don'tyou?

Icantbelieveit,canyou?

(2)1willbe14tomorrow,aren'tI?

Iaminterestedinit,aren'tI?

人称和数(2)

陈述部分主语是everything>nothing、something等时看作单数,附加问句用it

指代。

陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody>nobody>somebody>someone>noone、

anybody>anyone等时看作复数,附加问句用they指代。

陈述部分主语是不定代词one时,附加问句用one指代。

人称和数(3)

Nothingisamazingthere,isit?

Somethingwillhavetobedoneabouttheprice,won'tit?

Nobodyisleavingtomorrow,arethey?

Everyonehopestogetpromoted,don11they?

Someonelefttheirumbrellainthebus,didn'tthey?

Onecan*tbetoocareful,canone?

祈使句后面的附加问句(1)

祈使句后面的附加问句,分三种情况;

⑴表客气、委婉、邀请、劝诱、愿望等时,用wontyou。

Haveacupofcoffee,won'tyou?

⑵表命令、强制的要求、请求时,用willyou。

Doitatonce,willyou?

⑶否定祈使句用willyouo

Don'tclosethedoor,willyou?

祈使句后面的附加问句(2)

Lefs和letus后面的附加问句,分两种情况;

(Diets包括对方在内,用shallwe或shan'twe。

⑵letus不包括对方在内,用willyou或wontyouo

Let后接非us之外的人称如me、him、her、them等时,附加问句用willyou。

祈使句后面的附加问句(3)

let'sgotothemovies,shallwe?

letusgotothemovies,willyou?

lethimgo,willyou?

letmeattendthefarewellparty,willyou?

There+be句型的反意疑问句

There+be句型的反意疑问句,附加问句用bethere/benotthere,由主语人称时态

和数决定。

Therewon'tbeanytrouble,willthere?

There'snotmuchnewsintoday'spaper,isthere?

Therehasbeenmuchconfusionsincehisarrival,hasn'tthere?

This/that/Itis/wasthethirdtimethat句型

This/that/Itis/wasthethirdtimethat等句型中,反意主句,用it指代。

Thisisthethirdtimethisweekhehasbeenlate,isn'tit?

ItwasthesecondtimethatshehadbeentotheGreatWall,wasn'tit?

主从复合句(1)

11hink(suppose…)宾语从句结构,附加问句反意从句分两种情况;

⑴前肯定句,后用否定句。

Ithinkthatheisserious,isn'the?

⑵前有否定句,后面附加问句用肯定(Idon*tthink)o

Idon'tsupposethatsheisserious,isshe?

上述主从复合句主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时,反意主句。

TheythinkMarywillpasstheexamination,don'tthey?

主从复合句(2)

Ihope+宾语从句结构,附加问句用don'tyouo

Ihopethattheystudyhard,don'tyou?

感叹句后的附加问句

感叹句后的附加问句指人时,根据人称、数决定用什么指代。指物时,根据单复

数决定,用it/they指代。

Whataninterestingstory,isn'tit?

Whatafunnyman,isn*the?

Howsillytheyare,aren*tthey

Inversion(倒装)

带否定意义的副词置于句首时(1)

带否定意义的词置于句首时,主谓语需要倒装。

Rarelydoeshegotothemovies.

Notforamomentdidhedoubtthetruthofherhonesty.

LittledoIknowaboutthemeaningofthisproverb.

NeverbeforethenighthadIfelttheextentofmypower.

含有否定词的介词短语在句首

含有否定画的介词短语在句首时,句子主谓倒装。

这类介词短语包括:innocase,atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,

innosense,undernocircumstances,等等。意思为“决不,在任何情况下都不。”

“Only+状语”置于句首时的倒装(1)

“Only+状语”置于句首时,主谓语需要倒装。

1)OnlybypracticingalotoutsideclasscanwespeakEnglishfluently.

2)OnlywhenIsawhimdidIrememberthatIpromisedtobringhimagift.

3)OnlythendidIknowthatIwaswrong.

notonly位于句首时的倒装

句首是notonly且连接分句结构时,引起局部(部分)倒装。

Notonlydidweloseourmoney,butwewerealsoindangeroflosingourlives.

Notonlycanhesingverywell,buthecanalsoplaysomemusicalinstrumentvery

skillfully.

neither,nor表示“也不”时的倒装

(1)

句首是neither,nor表示“也不”时,主谓语需要倒装。

Icouldn'tsolvetheproblem,neither/norcouldmybrother.

=Icouldn'tsolvetheproblem.Mybrothercouldn't,either.

Ididn'tgotoschool,nordidMary.

=Ididn'tgotoschool.Marydidn't,either.

so表示“也是,同样”时的倒装

句首是so表示“也是,同样”时,主谓语需要倒装。

Copperisagoodconductor;soissilver.

Johnfailedintheexam;sodidMark.

Hetakespartinsportsactivities,sodohisclassmates.

IhavebeentotheTempleofHeaven,sohasshe.

平衡倒装

There+be或其它不及物动词come,go,happen,occur,stand,exist等结构中,

为避免句子头重脚轻,平衡倒装。

Therestandsanoldhousethatisbeingpulleddown.

Thereexistedahostilerelationshipbetweenthetwofamilies.

Therearemanyhobbiesinvolvingthecreativityofaperson.

Such/so...that句型中的倒装

Such/so...that句型中such+名词或so+形容词,副词等位于句首时,主句中主谓

倒装。

Sobadlywasheinjuredintheaccidentthathehadtostayinthehospitalfbr

treatment.

SoexcitedwasIthatIdidn'tknowwhattosay.

比较状语从句中的倒装

than引导的比较状语从句中,主从句谓语趋向中间以达到平衡,此时从句要求主

谓倒装。

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,manislesslimited

bynaturethanwerehisforefathers/ancestors.

表频率的状语至于句首倒装

表频率的状语至于句首,倒装。

Manyatimehashegivenussoundadvice.

Twiceaweekdoeshegotovisithisgrandparents.

Morethanoncehaveweheardhimmakesuchpromises.

As,though让步状语从句中倒装

在以as,though引导的让步状语从句中,从句常用倒装语序,把表语或状语提

前。(名,形,付,动词)

Childthatheis,hecandistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.

Intelligentas/thoughyouare,youshouldbemodest.

MuchasIadmirehim,Idon'tthinkheisperfect.

Tryasshedid,shefailedagain.

虚拟语气中的倒装

虚拟语气中省略或"whether”时的倒装。

Wereitlefttometochoose,Ipreferthelattertotheformer.

Haditnotrainedsoheavily,wewouldhavevisitedtheSummerPalaceyesterday.

Bewerichorpoor,weshouldhaveourowndignity.

副词至于句首

Here>there>in>out>up>down等表示方位的副词至于句首时,主谓需要倒装。

Herecomesthebus.

Downjumpedthelittleboyfromthebridge.

Hereit(指thebus)comes.

Theretheywent.

Subject&VerbAgreement主谓一致

集体名词做主语

集体名词做主语时,谓语动词情况有三种

①有些集体名词如cattle>folk、people、youth、clergy(教士)、police等常

做复数看。

Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.

集体名词做主语

②有些集体名词(表示总称)如machinery、stationery,merchandise(商品)、

foliage(树和植物叶子的总称)等看作单数。

Newmachineryisbeinginstalledinthefactory.

集体名词做主语

③有些集体名词如army,audience>class>club,committee>company,crowd,family>

group,government,jury,party,staff,team,union,public、poultry等根据意思决定,

有时做单数看待,有时做复数看待。

ThecommitteemeeteveryMonday.Heisonthecommitteethatcontrols

publicspending.

单复数同形的名词作主语

单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据意义决定谓语的形式。

Thismeansoftransportationisthemostconvenientone.

Therearevariousmeansoftransportationbeingdeveloped.

成双成对的东西的名词

表示成双成对的东西的名词,若被apairof修饰,要求单数谓语;否则,用复数

谓语形式。

Apairofglovesisanicepresent.

Myshoesneedrepairing.

Mytrouserswantmending.

表示时间、重量、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词做主语

表示时间、重量、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上属于整体的一个

单元的名词虽然形式上是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。

Tenyearsisonlyamomentinhistory.

Twocopiesisenough.

Threehoursisnotalongtimetowait.

表数量名词做主语

number、variety>proportion>majority>population>percent、total等词有时做

单数,有时作复数看待,从意思上决定。(分数、百分数、部分)

20percentageofthepollutedwatergoesintothesea.

20percentageofthefamiliessaythattheyenjoywatchingthisTVprogram.

不可数名词

不可数名词前加表示数量的复数名词,后面跟复数谓语。

Therearetwocupsofcoffee.

Hereareseveralpiecesofvaluableinformationforyoutoreferto/makereferenceto.

书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语

如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词,谓语动词用单数。

“GonewiththeWind“isaninterestingnovel.

“TheScentofaWoman^^isanawardedfilm.

NoPains,NoGainsisawidelyquotedproverb.

学科名词做主语一

表示学科名称的名词如physics,mathematics,economics,politics,electronics,做主

语,虽然形式上以结尾,但应为单数,谓语动词多用单数。

Inmyopinion,physicsisadifficultsubject.

Politicsisaninterestingtopicformanymen.

表示疾病的名词做主语

表疾病名称的名词如diabetes,tuberculosis,measles等做主语,虽然形式上以结

尾,但应为单数,谓语动词多用单数。

Diabetesisconsideredadiseasethatbelongstothewealthy/therich.(富贵病)

Tuberculosisisnolongerthreateningpeople'slife.

就近/毗邻一致原则(1)

There或here引起的句子中主语不止一个时,谓语就近一致。

就近/毗邻一致原则(2)

由or、either...orneither...nor>notonly>...butalso>.等连接的两

个主语谓语就近一致。

谓语动词多用单数的情况(1)

Manya/Morethanone所修饰的名词作主语时谓语动词多用单数。

Manyabravesoldierhasdiedinthatbattle.

Morethanonequestionhasbeenraisedinthelecture.

谓语动词多用单数的情况(2)

Either/neither做主语通常作单数看待,谓语动词多用单数。

Eitherofthemethodsiseffective.

Neitheroftheroadsleadstothetown.

谓语动词多用单数的情况(3)

each>some>any>no>every等构成的复合代词,都作单数看待,谓语动词多用

单数。

Thereissomebodyonthephoneforyou.

NobodywasworkingwhenIcamein.

Everythingisailright.

Eachisgivenacopyofthebook.

谓语动词多用单数的情况(4)

主语中包括“and”时,若表示一个单一概念,谓语动词应做单数。力口:(and连接

两个单数名词前面如有each、every,manya,no等)

Thepoetandwriterhascome.

AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

Everymanandwomaniseagertofindalife-longcompanion.

谓语动词多用单数的情况(5)

主语是单数,后面尽管有with>togetherxwith、alongwith、besides、aswellas

等引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。

Theteacher,togetherwithsomeofherstudents,wascleaningtheclassroom.

Weaswellasheagreewithyou.

oneof+名词/代词做主语

“oneof+宾语”后的定语从句中谓语动词的形式有两种情况:

(1)(only)oneof+宾语that…+复数

(2)the(only)oneof+宾语that…+单数

HeisonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohavepassedtheCET-4.

HeistheoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohaspassedtheCET-6.

谓语动词多用单数的情况(6)

None在代表不可数名词时总是单数.

Iamafraidthatwecan'thavecoffee;thereisnoneleft.

Noneof+名词短语做主语谓语动词总是用单数。

Noneofusisinterestedinthesuggestion.

Noneofthestudentshaspassedtheexam.

谓语动词多用复数的情况(1)

由both...and连接的两个部分总是作复数看待。

Bothmymotherandfatheraresatisfiedwithmyjob.

BothJohnandJackhaveevergotasummerjob.

谓语动词多用复数的情况(2)

the+adj(或过去分词)表一类人需作复数看待。

Theoldneedourcare.

Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareof.

Theyoungareourcountry'shope.

Theinjuredweresenttothehospitalimmediately.

谓语动词多用复数的情况(3)

ch、sh、-ese等结尾的表示国籍的词,也作复数看待。

TheBritishareveryfondoftheirsenseofhumor.

TheFrencharewell-knownfortheirromance.

TheChinesearefamousfortheirhospitality.

Therestof+名词/代词做主语

Therestof+名词/代词做主语时,谓语动词有三种情况:

1)Therestof+可数名词复数做主语,谓语动词用复数。

2)Therestof+可数名词单数做主语,谓语动词用单数。

3)Therestof+不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。

what引导的主语从句

由what引导的主语从句,一般用单数谓语。若从句谓语或从句后表语为复数,

则用复数谓语形式。

Whathehastoldmeisnottrue.

Whatideashehasarehiswife's.

动名词短语,不定式短语&

名词从句作主语

动名词短语,不定式短语和名词从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。

Collectingforeigncoinsismyfavoritehobby.

Todieforthepeopleisagloriousdeath.

Whentheywillcomehasn'tbeenmadepublic.

5.EmphaticStructure强调词汇强调

用强调性形容词表示强调。(very、utter)

ThisistheverybookIamlookingfor.

YouaretheverypersonwhomIwanttomakefriendswith.

Thisistheutterplacewheretheaccidenttookplace.

词汇强调

用强调性副词表示强调。(absolutely>only>just...)

Whatyouhavesaidisabsolutelytrue.

Iamonlytoohappytodothat.

Ihavehadjustenough.

词汇强调

用反身代词表示强调。(self)

Imyselfdidit.

Ididitmyself.

词汇强调

比较级结构中通常在形、副词比较级前加副词even、much等表示强调。

Thisproblemisevenmorecomplicatedthanthepreviousone.

Thetrainrunsmuchfasterthanthebus.

词汇强调

最高级前用byfar等表示强调。

SheisbyfarthemostambitiousstudentIhaveevermet.

Thisisbyforthemosturgentproblemthatthegovernmentshouldsolve.

词汇强调

在疑问词(wh.词)后加上onearth、intheworld等一些特殊词语,加强疑问语

气表示强调。

Whatonearthdoyouwant?

WhereintheworldcanIfindsuchavaluablepainting?

词汇强调

在否定句中用atall、intheleast等加强否定语气表示强调。

Hewasnotatallsatisfiedwithhisjob.

Sheisnotintheleastignorant/foolish.

词汇强调

在人称代词所有格后加own表示强调。

Thesmallboywenttotheseasideonhisown.

Theywantedahouseoftheirown.

Shegaveherownlunchtothepooroldman.

词汇强调

So表强调”的确,确实”。

Hehassucceededindoingtheexperiment.

Sohehas.

ShepassedthedifficulttestofEnglish.

Soshedid.

Thesmallboycanrecitemorethan300ancientpoems.

Sohecan.

语法强调

用助动词(do、does>did)强调动词谓语。

Idobelievethatyoucansucceed.

Hedoesknowhowtodothat.

Theydidgothereandarrestthemurderer.

句型强调(1)

句型what…is/was…结构可用来强调句子的表物的主语或宾语。

WhatIneedisyoursupport.

Whatmattersisquality.

Whatwasreallyimportantwasthatitbroughtaboutmanybenefits.

(2)强调句型

***Itis/was+...+that/who可强调主语,宾语,状语等。

LastyearshevisitedSingaporewithherparents.

Itwasshethat/whovisitedSingaporewith...

ItwasSingaporethatshevisitedwith...

ItwaswithherparentsthatshevisitedS...

ItwaslastyearthatshevisitedS...with...

另:isnotuntil+atime+that...

Itwasnotuntilthenthathehadrealizedtheimportanceofhardwork.

ItwasnotuntilshetoldmethatIhadknownmymistake.

强调句型的疑问形式

ItwaspurelybyaccidentthatIcameacrossthebook.

Wasitpurelybyaccidentthatyoucameacrossthebook?

Itishisteacherthatheusuallyturnstoforhelp.

Whoisitthatheusuallyturnstoforhelp?

(3)其它句型

***Itis/hasbeen+表一段时间的词+since...(从句中用一般过去时)

Ithasbeenayearsincewelastsaweachother.

Itisadecadesincewecarriedoutthepolicyofmarketeconomy.

***It/This/Thatis/was+序数词+timethatsb.has/haddonesth.

Thisisthethirdtimewithinonemonththathehasgonetothecinema.

Thatwasthefourthtimethathehadmadechangestotheoriginaldesign.

修辞强调

通过句子倒装表示强调。

请参考倒装一课。

Fromunderthebushcomesastrangesound.

Downjumpedthemanfromthecliff.

IntheletterIfoundaphoto.

6.Gerund动名词

非谓语动词

英语中,不作句子的谓语,而是用于担任其它语法功能的v,叫非谓语动词,

它不受主语人称、数等因素的限定,又被称作非限定动词。

三大非谓语动词:动名词,分词和不定式。

动名词的语法功能

作主语

Seeingisbelieving.

Listeningtomusicisoneofmyhobbies.

Studyingabroadhasmanyadvantages.

Gettingtoknowtheworldiswhatthefuturesocietyrequiresofus.

习惯用法

A.Itisnouse/good/harm+Ving.Itisnousequarrelingwithher.

It'snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.

B.Thereisno+Mng.Thereisnodenying

(thefact)thatwomenareplayinganimportantroleintheworldtoday.

Thereisnojokingaboutthismatter.这事开不得玩笑。

作表语

作表语

Myfavoritepastimeiscollectingstamps.

Herhobbyisswimmingandcycling.

Oneofthegoodvirtuesofayoungpersonisbeingpunctual.

Myjobisteaching.

Oneofthemostdifficulttasksyoumayencounterislearningaforeignlanguage.

作动词宾语

作动词宾语

Sheenjoyslisteningtorockmusic.

Weappreciateyourofferingtohelp.

Wemustavoidmakingsuchmistakesagain.

Peoplewholiketravellinghavetheirreasons.

跟动名词作宾语的v.及v.phrase

常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v.phrase:

admit,appreciate,avoid,confessto,consider,delay,deny,endure(忍耐),enjoy,

escape,excuse,fancy(想象),finish,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit,postpone,

practice,risk,can*thelp,feellike,giveup,keepout,objectto(反对),oppose,put

off(推迟).

注意:动名词作宾语后面带有补语,一般不用形式宾语it。但当宾补是一些带有

“有用、明智、值得''等含义的adj时,通常要用it作形宾,而将作宾语的g.放到

补语后面。

作介词宾语

Neverputoffdoingwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.

Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift?(上夜班)

Childrenarefondofreadingfoirytales.

Phrases:get/beused/accustomedto,befondof,lookforwardto,longfor,dreamof,

approve/disapproveof,insiston,persistin,accusesb.of,chargesb.with,bekeenon,

beabsorbedin,concentrateon,putoff,prevent...from...

习惯用法

1)Thereisnopointindoingsth.

做某事没有意义。

Thereisn'tmuchpoint(in)repairingthatoldcaragain.

2)Thereisnogainindoingsth.

做某事没有好处。

Thereisnogaininbeingcruel/rudetopeople.

省掉介词

注:某些习惯用法中常省掉介词

Heisbusy(in)preparingareport.

Theyspentalotoftime(in)makingpreparations.

Wehadgreatdifficulty(in)findinghishouse.

MorePhrases

haveagoodtimedoing,haveahardtimedoing,havetroubledoing,havedifficulty

doing,havefiindoing,bebusydoing,spendtimedoing...

IamhavinggreattroublecatchingupwithmyfellowstudentsinEnglish.

动名词的逻辑主语

如动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动作的主语,则需有自己的逻辑主语。

两种形式:

1)人称代词所有格+动名词

Heinsistedonmygoingwithhimtotheparty.

2)名词所有格+动名词

Shedislikesherhusband'scomingbackhomelate.

MoreInformation(1)

a.人称代词所有格+动名词Compare:Tominsistedongoingwiththem.

Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem.

b.名词所有格+动名词Compare:Hehatesworkinglate.

Hehateshiswifb'sworkinglate.

MoreInformation(2)

若动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语相同,则不应再有主语。

Sheregretsidlewhenyoung.

a.tohavebeenb.herbeingc.herhaving

d.havingbeen

Key:d

动名词和不定式作宾语的差异

1)有些动词可带动名词,也可带todo作宾语,差异不大。一般说来,作宾语

的动名词更重一般情况,不定式则强调具体情况。

IlikereadingnovelsbutIdo

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