2022版高中北师大版英语一轮课时提升作业选修8 Unit22 Environmental Protection

二十二选修8Unit22Environmental

Protection

巩固题组—■（限时35分钟）

I.阅读理解

A

Agriculturalexpertssaycropdiversityisimportanttofeedthe

increasingpopulationofourplanet.Theysayhavingalargevarietyof

plantsalsohelpstoprotectagainstpossiblecropdiseasesandfuturecrises.

Hundredsofthousandsofdifferentplantsnowexist.Butmanyexpertssay

thenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.

Oneoftheworld'slargestseedconservationprojectshaspredicted

furtherlosses.TheMillenniumSeedBankiswarningthatuptoone

hundredthousandplantspeciescouldpermanentlydisappear.Therich

collectionofgenesthatdecidetheirqualitieswoulddisappearwiththem.

Manyexpertsblameclimatechangeandlossofhabitat,normal

growtharea,fordamagingplantlife.Theysayhumanactivitiesand

poorlyplanned,overlyheavyuseoflandalsoareresponsible.

TheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaysmodern

businessfarmingisresponsibleforlossoffarmers*traditionalcrop

varieties.The"GreenRevolution"ofthetwentiethcenturychanged

agriculture.Someexpertssaytheuseofmoderncommercialfarming

methodssavedmillionsofpeoplefromstarvation.Farmersplanted,

watered,andfertilizedtheircropswiththehelpofmachines.They

treatedtheirfieldswithchemicalstocontrolinsectsanddiseases.Harvests

grewlargerandhigherquality.

Butanotherresultwasthatsometraditionalcropswerelost.About

onehundredtwentycropsaregrowntofeedhumans.TheFAOsaysnine

ofthosecropsprovideseventyfivepercentofhumanfood.Rice,wheat

andmaizearesaidtosupplymorethanhalfofhumanfood.

Notallexpertsagreethat.Arecentstudyshowedadifferent

situation,atleastintheUnitedStates.Thestudyexaminedrecordsof

plantvarietiesinAmericaduringthepastcentury.Theyfoundthatthe

totalnumberofvegetableandapplecropvarietiesintheUnitedStatesdid

notfalloverthepastcentury.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。农作物的多样性对养活不断增长的人

口很重要，但是世界上有很多正在消失的植物品种。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Thelossoffarmers'traditionalcropvarieties.

B.Thenumberdecreasinginfoodcrops.

C.Thenumberincreasinginfoodcrops.

D.Thedisappearanceplantsspeciespermanently.

选Bo代词指代题。画线词〃that〃指代的是上文的内容，第一段最后一

句Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepast

century.但是许多专家说在过去的一个世纪里，这个数字急剧下降。可

知B项正确。

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Alltheexpertsholdtheviewthatthenumberplantshasdecreased

sharply.

B.ThenumberofvarietieshasincreasedalotinAmerica.

C.Chemicalshashelpedharvestsgrowlargerandhigherqualityinasense.

D.Terribleweatherleadstoadecreaseinfoodcrops.

选C。细节理解题。A项中Alltheexperts表述有误，并不是所有的专

家。B项中increasedalot表述有误，thetotalnumberofvegetableand

applecropvarietiesintheUnitedStatesdidnotfalloverthepastcentury0

D项天气原因只是其中一个方面。故选C。

3.WhatistheSeedBank'sattitudetowardsthedisappearanceplants

species?

A.Casual.B.Doubtful.

C.Optimistic.D.Concerned.

选Do推理判断题。从第二段中TheMillenniumSeedBankiswarning

thatuptoonehundredthousandplantspeciescouldpermanently

disappear.千年种子库警告说，多达十万种植物物种可能永久消失，可

知,warn表达了极大关注，故选D。

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Showingconcernaboutthedisappearanceofplantlife.

B.Agricultureisplayinganimportantrole.

C.Thechangingofmodernagriculture.

D.TheEarthindanger.

选A。主旨大意题。在第一段最后一句"Butmanyexpertssaythenumber

hasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury."中，"But"是关键词，表

示转折，植物品种的数量在下降，可知选A。

B

（2021・合肥模拟）

It'sreallytruewhatpeoplesayaboutEnglishpoliteness:it's

everywhere.Whensqueezingpastsomeoneinanarrowaisle,people

say“sorry”.Whengettingoffabus,Englishpassengerssay“thankyou”

ratherthanthedriver.InGermany,peoplewouldneverdreamofdoing

thesethings.Afterall,squeezingpastothersissometimesinevitable,

andthebusdriverismerelydoinghisjob.Iusedtothinkthesameway,

withoutquestioningit,untilIstartedtravellingtotheBritishIslesand

cametoappreciatesomemorepolitewaysofinteractingwithpeople.

PeoplethankeachothereverywhereinEngland,allthetime.When

peoplebuysomethinginashop,customerandshopassistantinmost

casesthankeachothertwiceormore.InGermany,itwouldbeunusual

tohearmorethanonethankyouinsuchaconversation.Britishstudents

thanktheirlecturerswhenleavingtheroom.Englishemployersthanktheir

employeesfordoingtheirjobs,asopposedtoGermans.

AnotherthingIobservedduringmystaywasthatEnglishpeople

rarelycriticizeothers.EvenwhenIwasworkingandmistakeswerepointed

outtome,myemployersemphasizedseveraltimesbutnoneoftheir

explanationswereintendedascriticism.Ithasbeenmyimpressionthatby

avoidingcriticism,Englishpeoplearemakinganefforttomakeothers

feelcomfortable.Thisalsoisshowedinotherways.Britishmenstillopen

doorsforwomen,andBritishmenaremorelikelytotreatwomentoa

mealthanGermanmen.

【文章大意】本文主要以对比的方式展开讲述了英国式的礼貌。对比

了英国人和德国人表达谢意和歉意的方式。英国人很少批评指责他人,

英国人比德国人更热情。

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsEnglishpoliteness?

A.Hethinksitispractical.

B.Heemploysit.

C.Heappreciatesit.

D.Hethinksitgoestoofar.

选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Iusedtothinkthesameway,

withoutquestioningit,untilIstartedtravellingtotheBritishIslesand

cametoappreciatesomemorepolitewaysofinteractingwithpeople.我

以前也是这么想的，从不质疑，直到我开始去不列颠群岛旅行，并开始

欣赏一些更礼貌的与人交往的方式。故选C。

6.Accordingtothelastparagraph,howdoEnglishpeopledealwith

others'mistakes?

A.Theyarelesslikelytocriticizeothers.

B.Theyneverexplainwhyothersarewrong.

C.Theyaremorelikelytobehardonothers.

D.Theyneverpointoutothers'mistakes.

选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的AnotherthingIobservedduringmy

staywasthatEnglishpeoplerarelycriticizeothers.EvenwhenIwas

workingandmistakeswerepointedouttome,myemployersemphasized

severaltimesbutnoneoftheirexplanationswereintendedascriticism.

在我逗留期间，我注意到的另一件事是，英国人很少批评别人。即使是

在我工作的时候，当有人指出我的错误时，我的老板也会多次强调，但

他们的解释都不是为了批评。故选A。

7.Theauthordevelopsthetextthroughthemethodof.

A.givingreasonsB.tellingstories

C.givingcommentsD.makingcomparisons

选D。推理判断题。根据第二段InGermany,itwouldbeunusualtohear

morethanonethankyouinsuchaconversation.Britishstudentsthank

theirlecturerswhenleavingtheroom.Englishemployersthanktheir

employeesfordoingtheirjobs,asopposedtoGermans.在德国，在这样

的对话中听到不止一个〃谢谢〃是很不寻常的。英国学生在离开教室时感

谢他们的讲师。英国老板感谢他们的员工做了他们的工作，德国老板相

反。由此可知作者以比较的方式来展开文章。故选D。

n.阅读填句

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

AsnowleopardroarsinthehighmountainsofAsia.Ablack

rhinocerosgallopsacrosstheplainsofAfrica.1.Amotherblue

whaleandhercalfglidethroughthedeepwatersoftheocean.

AlloftheseanimalssharetheEarthwithus.2.Welove

observingtheirbehavior,andlearningmoreabouttheirhabits.Butjust

lovingthemisnotenough.Alloftheseanimalsareendangered.Manyof

themhavedied,andwithoutspecialcare,theymaysomedaydisappear

fromtheEarth.

Whyisitimportanttocareforanimalslikethese?Onereasonisto

protectthebalanceoflifeonEarth.3.Eachspeciesofanimal

isspecial.Africawasoncefilledwithalotofwildanimals.Butthatis

changingfast.Oneoftheseanimals,theblackrhinoceros,livesonthe

plainsofAfrica.Ithasverypooreyesightandaverybadtemper!Even

thoughtheblackrhinoispowerful,andcanbedangerous,itsstrength

can'talwayshelpittoescapehunters.Somepeoplethinkthattherhino's

hornhasmagicalpowers,andmanyhunterskillrhinosfortheirvaluable

horns.

4.__________

TheelephantseemstorepresentallthatisstrongandwildinAfrica.It

oncehadnonaturalenemies,butisnowendangered-killedforitsivory

tusks.

ImagineAfricawithoutthepowerfulrhino,thegentle,intelligent

elephant,orthelightningquickcheetah.5.

A.Everyeffortisofgreatimportance.

B.Oncetheyaregone,theyaregoneforever.

C.AgrizzlybearhuntsforfishinaNorthAmericanriver.

D.Anotherreasonisthebeautyoftheanimalsthemselves.

E.Ordinarypeoplelikeyouandmecanalsohelpalot.

F.Theyfascinateuswiththeirbeauty,theirgrace,andtheirspeed.

G.Thishascausedtheblackrhinotobeplacedontheendangeredspecies

list.

【文章大意】由于人类的活动，许多动物濒临灭绝，

1.选Co根据本段其他句中Asnowleopard,Ablackrhinoceros和A

motherbluewhale可知选C。

2.选F。根据第二段第一句AlloftheseanimalssharetheEarthwithus.

（所有这些动物都与我们共享地球），可知F项符合上下文语境，They指

代theseanimals。它们的美丽、优雅和速度令我们着迷。

3.选D。根据上文OnereasonistoprotectthebalanceoflifeonEarth.可

知选Do

4.选G。前面提到rhino,根据关键词及上下文句意可知选G。

5.选B。想象一下非洲没有这些动物。一旦它们走了，它们就永远消失

To故选B。

m.语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式。

AnenvironmentalgroupinColombiaisleadingaprojecttosavewild

areasintheSanLucasmountains1.thehelpofcoffee

growers.

Goldminingandcocafarmingmakemoremoney2.

coffeegrowing.SothegroupWebConservahelpscoffeegrowersbylinking

themwithprocessorsfromaroundthecountry.Thegoalis3.

(limit)additionaldevelopmentinthenorthernSanLucasareawhichisrich

inbiodiversity,

4.(mean)manyformsoflifelivethere.

Colombiahasmoredifferent5.(kind)oflivingthingsthan

anycountryafterneighboringBrazil,butdestructionofforests6.

(increase)since2016.

ArnobisRomero,aColombiancoffeeroaster,posesforaphotoin

themiddleofacoffeeplantationinSanLucas,ColombiaFebruary26,

2020.

Thatyear;thegovernment7.(sign)apeacedealwith

theRevolutionaryArmedForcesofColombiaendingyearsofcivilwar.As8.

result,morelandbecameaccessibleforuse.Government

informationshowsthatin2017,almost220,000hectaresofforestwere

destroyed,9.(compare)to124,000hectaresin2015.

TheSwissenvironmentalgroup,theInternationalUnionfor

ConservationofNaturepublishesaRedListofendangeredlivingthings.It

saysmorethan31,000speciesarethreatenedwithdisappearing.Ofthose,

1,050speciesliveinColombiaand187areconsidered10.

(high)endangered.

【文章大意】文章介绍了动植物在哥伦比亚恶劣的生存环境。

1.witho考查介词。withthehelpof固定搭配。

考查比较级。关键词前后有比较关系，所以用。

2.thanomore,than

3.tolimito考查非谓语动词。表示目的，目标是为了限制发展。

4.meaningo考查非谓语动词。作伴随状语,mean意味着。

5.kindso考查名词。different不同的，所以名词用复数。

6.hasincreasedo考查动词的时态。关键词since当〃自从〃的意思时，用

现在完成时。

7.signedo考查动词的时态。政府签署了和平协议，这件事已经发生过

了。所以用一般过去时。

考查固定搭配。固定搭配。

8.aoasaresult

9.comparedo考查非谓语动词。此处compared.一在句中作状语，且

compare与主语Governmentinformation之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。

考查副词。指具体的高度,表示程度，此处指濒

10.highlyohighhighly

危的程度高。

提升题组—■（限时35分钟）

I.阅读理解（2021•郑州模拟）

RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrecentlyhavebeenmaking

theheadlinesasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthatthey

willworsenclimatechangecrisisandendangerbiodiversity（生物多样性）.

Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonisoftencalled

“thelungsoftheworldsItisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesof

plantsandanimals,and1millionlocalpeople.Thevastareaof

rainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecauseit

absorbsheatinsteadofreflectingheatbackintotheatmosphere.Italso

storescarbondioxideandproducesoxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbonis

released,reducingtheeffectsofclimatechange.

“Anyforestdestroyedisadangertobiodiversityandthepeoplewho

usethatbiodiversity,"ThomasLovejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMason

UniversitytoldNationalGeographic."Thegreatdangeristhatalotof

carbongoesintotheatmosphere,"hestressed."Inthemidstofthe

globalclimatecrisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceof

oxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonmustbeprotected,UNSecretary

GeneralAntonioGuterressaid.

DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch（INPE）showthat

thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfrom

JanuarytoAugustayearago.Atotalof71,497forestfireswere

registeredinthecountryinthefirst8monthsof2019,upfrom39,194

inthesameperiodin2018,INPEsaid.〃Weestimatethattheforestareas

intheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreasedsomethingbetween20and30

percentcomparedtothelast12months,“CarlosNobre,aresearcherat

theUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.

Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whose

degradation（恶化）couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateand

rainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,

buttheemergencyhasgonebeyondBrazil'sborders.

【文章大意】本文是新闻报道。报道了巴西亚马逊雨林遭遇大火侵袭,

〃地球之肺〃燃烧，引起国内外广泛关注。

1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThegreatroleoftheAmazonrainforest.

B.Theeffectsofconsistentclimatechange.

C.Thecausesofthedecreasingbiodiversity.

D.TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestfires.

选Ao段落大意题。从第二段可知，巴西亚马逊雨林是“地球之肺〃，是

动植物和人们的家园，对世界生态系统的调节起着重要作用。故选A,

亚马逊雨林的重要作用。

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinthefourthparagraph?

A.Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.

B.Topresentthebadinfluenceofforestfires.

C.Toprovethegreatimportanceoftherainforest.

D.Toshowtheemergencyofprotectingtherainforest.

选Do推理判断题。第四段提到的一系列的数字表明火灾次数在增加,

说明了保护雨林的迫切性。突出文章主题，即巴西亚马逊雨林遭遇大火

引发的全球关注。

3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthepassage?

A.Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.

B.Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.

C.Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.

D.Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.

选C。主旨大意题。本文报道了巴西亚马逊雨林遭遇大火侵袭，以及造

成的严重后果，故选C。

4.Whichsectionofamagazinemightthispassageprobablybetaken

from?

A.Climateandlife.

B.Natureandgeography.

C.Humankindandsociety.

D.Scienceandtechnology.

选Bo推理判断题。文章是关于巴西亚马逊雨林的，所以和自然及地

理有关系，和科技，社会，生活没有关系，排除A,C和D。

n.完形填空

（2021,上海模拟）

Dear1,

Itisthefirsttimeformybelovedsontostepoutofhishomewhere

heishappyandsafe.Theschoollifeisgoingtobestrangeand2to

himforawhile.AndIwishyouwouldtakecareofhimwithenough

3.

Sofar;he'sbeen4ofhisownroom.He'sbeenbossofthe

backyard.Ihavealwaysbeenaroundtorepairhiswounds,andto5

hisfeelings.

6,thingsseemtobedifferentnow.Today,heisrequiredto

walkdownthefrontsteps,saygoodbyetomeandstartonhisgreat7

thatwillprobablyincludewars,tragedyand8.Tolivehislifeinthe

worldinwhichhehastolivewill9faith,loveandcourage.

So,World,Iwishyouwouldtakehim10hisyounghandand

teachhimthingshewillhavetoknow.Teachhim—butgently,ifyoucan.

Teachhimthatforeveryscoundrel（恶人），thereisa11;thatfor

everydishonestpolitician,thereisa12leader;thatforevery

enemy,thereisafriend.Teachhimthewondersofbooks.Givehimquiet

timeto13themysteriesofbirdsinthesky,beesinthesun,and

flowersonthegreenhills.Teachhimitisfarmorehonorableto_14

thantocheat.Teachhimtohave15inhisownideas,_16

everyoneelsetellshimtheyarewrong.Teachhimto17hisstrength

andbrainstothehighestbidder（投标人），butnevertoputapriceonhis

heartandsoul.Teachhimtoclosehisearstoa18crowd,andto

standand19ifhebelieveshe'sright.Teachhimkindly,World,

butdon/tspoilhim,becauseonlythe20offiremakesfinesteel.

Thisisabigorder;World,butseewhatyoucando.Heissucha

nicelittlefellow.

Yours,

Sally

【文章大意】这是一封书信。作者爱子心切，以书信的方式希望这个世

界能够教导自己深爱着的儿子，亲切地带着善意地教会他必须知道的

事情。

1.A.WorldB.School

C.HeadmasterD.Friend

选A。根据第四段第一句话“So,World,Iwishyouwouldtakehim...w

可知，这封信是写给这个世界的。

2.A.interestingB.amazing

C.challengingD.concerning

选Co根据上文“Itisthefirsttimeformybelovedsontostepoutofhis

homewhereheishappyandsafe.〃可知，作者的儿子第一次走出幸福又

安全的家，这个世界对于他来说是奇怪并具有挑战性的。

3.A.determinationB.kindness

C.patienceD.courage

选Bo根据后文的“Teachhimkindly,World,"和"Teachhim—but

gently,"可知，作者希望这个世界能够带着善意，温柔地教导自己的儿

子，故选B项kindness,与后文相呼应。

4.A.managerB.monitorC.kingD.instructor

选Co根据后面一句"He'sbeenbossofthebackyard.”可知，作者形容自

己的儿子是家里后院的老板，她的儿子在自己的房间也肯定“地位很

高〃，故C项符合语境。

5.A.exploreB.contain

C.expressD.comfort

选D。作者一直在儿子身边帮他疗伤，抚慰他的情绪。

6.A.OtherwiseB.Therefore

C.BesidesD.However

选D。作者的儿子在家是王，是老板，作者一直陪伴在他身边。现在，一

切都不一样了。上下文是转折关系。

7.A.adventureB.experience

C.revolutionD.inspection

选A。根据后文“thatwillprobablyincludewars,tragedy”可知，作者的

儿子可能会遇见战争、悲剧。这两样对于他来说应该是一种冒险

(adventure)o

8.A.sorrowB.relief

C.fortuneD.luck

选A。作者的儿子可能会遇见战争和悲剧，战争和悲剧都是不好的事情,

所以A项sorrow(悲伤)符合语境。

9.A.weakenB.require

C.strengthenD.increase

选B。作者认为在她的儿子必须生活的世界里过上他自己的生活需要信

仰、爱和勇气。

10.A.atB.inC.onD.by

选Do作者希望这个世界能拉住自己儿子的手，教会他他必须知道的事

情。takesb.byhand意为"拉住某人的手"，为固定搭配。

11.A.heroB.commander

C.performerD.competitor

选A。根据前文世上有恶人，就有英雄。

12.A.powerfulB.faithful

C.distantD.valuable

选B。根据后文“thatforeveryenemy,thereisafriend.”可知，有敌人

就有朋友，enemy与friend形成对比，以此类推，世上有恶人就会有英

雄。有不诚实的政客就会有忠实的领导者。

13.A.reserveB.replaceC.solveD.survive

选C。作者希望这个世界给自己的儿子安静的时间来解开(soh/e)天空里

的鸟、阳光下的蜜蜂和青山上的花的秘密。

14.A.respondB.denyC.failD.win

选C。失败(fail)比作弊光彩得多。

15.A.mercyB.basis

C.reasonsD.confidence

选D。根据语境可知，作者想让这个世界教会她的儿子对自己的想法有

信心(confidence),故选D项。

16.A.asifB.evenif

C.incaseD.forfear

选B。根据前文可知，作者想让这个世界教会她的儿子对自己的想法有

信心，即使每个人都告诉他这些想法是错的。

17.A.attachB.devoteC.applyD.sell

选D。句意：教会他将自己的长处和头脑卖给(sell)出价最高者，但永远

不要出卖自己的心和灵魂。

18.A.localB.totalC.fierceD.noisy

选D。空处词用来形容crowd(人群)，人群应该是吵闹的(noisy)。

19.A.affectB.signalC.fightD.bargain

选C。如果他相信自己是对的，就要去(为自己)战斗(fight)。

20.A.testB.temperature

C.flameD.spread

选A。根据空后面的"offiremakesfinesteel.〃可推测，作者想表达的是

只有经过火焰的考验(test)才能锻造出好的钢铁。

m.短文改错

IhavebeenaddictedwithitsinceIusedTikTokorDouyin.Ioften

postedmyownvideosandlivebroadcastsonit.Ihavewonaplentyof

followersandlikes.ButonedaywhenIloggedontomyTikTokaccount,I

receivedsomerudecommentsonmyappearances.Latersomebullies

eventhreatenedtohurtme,soIquittedusetheapp.Unexpected,

theycontinuedtosendtextmessagesmycellphone.Ihadnever

experiencedcyberbullybefore.Iwastoofrightenedtohandleit.Italkedto

myparents,hopedthattheywouldhelpme,andtheydidn'tlisten.I

wishtheycouldtellmehowtodo.

答案：

IhavebeenaddictedwilhitsinceIusedTikTok

to

orDouyin.Ioftenpostedmyownvideosandlive

post

broadcastsonit.Ihavewon