2024届陕西省汉中市高三上学期一模英语试题及答案

汉中市2024届高三年级教学质量第一次检测考试英语(命题学校：洋县中学)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分第Ⅰ卷(选择题共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Cooksnowpeas.B.Plantsomeonions.C.Watertheflowerbed.C.Acharminggirl.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Somebeautifulplaces.B.Differentlanguages.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inastore.、B.Inafactory.C.Athome.4.Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?A.Uncomfortableseats.B.Thetrafficnoise.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?C.MissLee'sweakvoice.A.He'llcleanthecartoday.B.Thecardoesn'tneedcleaning.C.Markshouldcleanthecarthistime.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Callataxi.7.Whatisthewomanprobablyrelatedtotheman?A.Hiswife.B.Hiscolleague.C.Hisneighbor.B.Gototheairport.C.Havehiscarrepaired.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toinvitehimtogojogging.B.TorecommendFootLockertohim.C.Toaskhimforsomeadvice.9.HowmucharetherunningshoesinFootLocker?A.$50.B.$75.C.$100.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Wheredidthemangolastnight?A.Acinema.11.Whatkindofclothingisforbidden?A.Jeans.B.T-shirts.12.Whatdiscountdidthemangetlasttime?A.20%.B.50%.B.Arestaurant.C.Athemepark.C.Shortskirts.C.70%.听下面一段对话、回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatisthewomancookingnow?A.Spaghetti.14.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthefood?A.Indifferent.B.Interested.15.Fromwhomdidthewomangettherecipe?A.Arelative.B.Afriend.16.Whatdidthewomanplantodotonight?A.Goshoppingforfood.B.Teachthemantocook.C.Entertainfriendsathome.B.Pizza.C.Friedchicken.C.Worried.C.Arestaurantowner.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whereshouldtherockclimbersmeetatmidday?A.Inthelibrary.18.Whenwillafternoonclassesstart?A.At12:30.B.At1:30.19.WhatareNOTallowedduringhorseriding?A.Sportsshoes.B.Strongshoes.20.Whatactivitywillbearrangedintheevening?A.Abarbecue.B.Adanceparty.B.Inthecarpark.C.Atthemaingate.C.At2:30.C.Ridingboots.C.Acookingcompetition.第二部分阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALibrariesareplacestopreserveculturalheritage,developinformationresourcesandcarryoutsocialeducation.Let'slookatsomeofthemostbeautifullibrariesintheworld.VenneslaLibraryandCultureHouse,NorwayThelibraryisoneofthemostbeautifullibrariesintheworld.Openedin2011,thislibraryisanimportantsiteforconcerts,theatricalperformancesandfilmscreenings.Thedesignofthelibraryisunique.Thebuildingissupportedby27laminated(层压的)woodarchesthatholdtheroofup.BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana,ItalyThelibraryisoneofthelargestandmostimportantlibrariesinItaly.ItpreservesoneofthemostimportantcollectionsofGreek,LatinandAsianmanuscripts(手稿)intheentireworld.Someofthemarethemostpreciouspieces.ThelibraryspecializesinVenetianhistoryandclassicphilology.Itscollectionofantiquemapsisalsoverysignificant.StacjaKultura,PolandThankstoarecentrestoration,astationthatwasonceinruinsunderwentanarchitecturalchange.Thelibrarymightseemunremarkablefromtheoutside,buttheinnovativeprojectanditsdivisionintoatrainstation,publiclibraryandculturalcenterhavecertainlymadethisbuildingworthavisit.BeineckeRareBookandManuscriptLibrary,UnitedStatesThelibraryisthemainsourceofliteraryarchives(档案),ancientmanuscriptsandrarebooksatYaleUniversity,andit'svisitedbystudentsandresearchersfromaroundtheworld.Completedin1963,thelibraryishometotheBollingenPrizeforPoetrywhichisawardedbiennially,andtheWindham-CampbellPrizeswhichareawardedannuallyforfiction,literaryessays,poetry,andtheater.21.Whichlibrarywillattractpeopleinterestedinthestage?A.VenneslaLibraryandCultureHouse.C.StacjaKultura.D.BeineckeRareBookandManuscriptLibrary.22.WhichaspectmakesStacjaKulturadifferentfromtheotherthreelibraries?B.BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana.A.Itsarchitecture.C.Itslocation.B.Itscollection.D.Itsoriginalowner.23.Whatdothesecondlibraryandthefourthlibraryhaveincommon?A.Theyhavealonghistory.B.Theyarefavoredbymovielovers.C.Theyarethemostimportantlibraries.D.Theyholdsomeprecioustreasures.BWhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,PennsylvaniaCollegeofTechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.“IspentaroundsixdaysstressingandhavingaveryhardtimewithmehavingalltheluxuriesIcurrentlydoandmyfamilynothavingany,”theGuaynabo,PuertoRico,residentsaid.Santaellasaidthatherhometowniswithoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.Toreduceherstress,Santaella,whoisstudyingforanassociatedegreeinbakingandpastryarts,immersed(沉浸)herselfinwhatsheknowsbest:baking.“Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandtothenbedispersedtothepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone,soIspokewithChefCharlesNiedermyer,ourinstructorofbakingandpastryartsaboutasaleofbakedgoodsinthecollege’sBushCampusCenter.”“Nataschaisabrightenergeticyoungladywithabigheart,”Niedermyersaid.“Iwasnotsurprisedtofindherinmyoffice,lookingforwaystohelpthepeopleofPuertoRico.”Toprepare,SantaellahadmultiplemeetingswithNiedermyer,spenthoursfinalizingrecipes,designedsignage(标志)anddecorations,andgotfriendstostaffthesaletablewithher.Andthentherewasthebaking:Santaellaandtwofriendsinthebakingandpastryartsmajorspentsixhoursbaking90loavesofbread,24dozendinnerrollsand30cheesecakesinavarietyofflavors.Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000forUnitedforPuertoRico,aninitiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythepassageofHurricaneIrmaandHurricaneMaria.“Ihopetomainlyincreaseawarenessofwhathashappened,andtoshowpeoplethattherearePuertoRicanstudentsatthisschool,”Santaellasaid.“IhopethatothershadthegreatexperienceIhadwithallmyteachersandhowunderstandingtheywerewithme.”24.WhydidSantaellafeelverystressed?A.Becauseabighurricanewasapproaching.B.Becauseshewasleftwithoutpowerandwater.C.Becauseshelostallherbelongingsinthehurricane.D.Becauseherfolksweresufferingduetohurricanes.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispersed”probablymeaninParagraph3?A.Exposed.B.Connected.C.Distributed.D.Devoted26.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PuertoRicomightbestrickenbyhurricanesfrequently.B.NiedermyerrespondedtoSantaella'sideascoldly.C.Santaellaorganizedthesaleathercollegeallalone.D.PennsylvaniaCollegehasfewstudentsfromPuertoRico.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HurricaneCausesHugeLossestoPuertoRicoB.StudentPutsSkillstoUsetoHelpHerHometownC.CollegeStudentShowsBakingSkillsThroughSalesD.TeacherandStudentsWorkTogetherinFundRaisingCWhatmakesawordreal?Whohasthepowertomakethosekindsofofficialdecisionsaboutwords?Thosearethequestionsmanypeoplehaveinmind.Whenmostpeoplesayawordisn'treal,whattheymeanisthatitdoesn'tappearinadictionary.That,ofcourse,raisessomeotherquestions,including,whowritesdictionaries?Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.They’rewatchingwhatpeoplesayandwhatpeoplewriteandtryingtofigureoutwhat'sgoingtostickandwhat'snotgoingtostick.EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.Thereareabout200or300peoplewhocome.SomeofthemarethebestknownlinguistsintheUnitedStates.Inthepast,someofthewinnershavebeen“staycation”todescribeavacationspentathomeand“tweet”todescribeapostmadeonthesocialnetworkingserviceTwitter.Sohowdoesawordgetintoadictionary?Itgetsinbecausepeopleuseitandpeoplekeepusingit,anddictionaryeditorsarepayingattentiontopeople.Ifacommunityofspeakersisusingawordandknowswhatitmeans,it'sreal.Thatwordmightbeinformalandthatwordmightbeawordthatyouthinkisillogicalorunnecessary,butaslongaspeopleareusingtheword,itisreal.Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.Ihopeyoucanenjoybeingpartofthecreativitythatiscontinuallyremakingourlanguageandkeepingitalive.28.Whydodictionarieschangeovertime?A.Speakerskeepchanginglanguage.C.Dictionaryeditorschangeeveryyear.B.Linguistsoftenmakeupnewwords.D.Wordsinthedictionaryareoutofdate.29.Whohastherighttodecidethewordoftheyear?A.Newwordsinventors.C.Dictionaryeditors.B.AmericanOfficials.D.Famouslinguists.30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslanguagechanging?A.Worried.B.Positive.C.Uninterested.31.Wheredoesthispassagemostprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Ahistorybook.C.Anewsreport.D.ConfusedD.Apopularmagazine.DResearchersattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherst(UMassAmherst)recentlyannouncedthattheyhavefiguredouthowtoengineerabiofilm(生物膜)thatharveststheenergyinevaporation(蒸发)andchangesittoelectricity.Thisbiofilm,whichwasannouncedinNatureCommunications,hasthepotentialtorevolutionizetheworldofwearableelectronics,poweringeverythingfrompersonalmedicalsensorstopersonalelectronics.“Thisisaveryexcitingtechnology,’saysLiuXiaomeng,graduatestudentinelectricalandcomputerengineeringinUMassAmherst'sCollegeofEngineeringandthepaper'sleadauthor.“Itgeneratesrealgreenenergy,andunlikeotherso-called‘green-energy’sources,itsproductionistotallygreen.”That'sbecausethisbiofilm---whichisasheetofbacterialcellsandasthinasasheetofpaper---isproducednaturallybyanengineeredversionofthebacteriumGeobactersulfurreducens(硫还原地杆菌).G.sulfurreducensisknowntoproduceelectricityandhasbeenusedpreviouslyin“microbialbatteries”topowerelectricalequipment.ButsuchbatteriesrequirethatG.sulfurreducensbeproperlycaredforandfedaconstantdiet.Bycontrast,thisnewbiofilm,whichcansupplyasmuchenergyasacomparablysizedbattery,workscontinuously,becauseitisdead.Andbecauseit'sdead,itdoesn'tneedtobefed.Thesecretbehindthisnewbiofilmisthatitmakesenergyfromthemoisture(水分)onyourskin.Thoughwedailyreadstoriesaboutsolarpower,atleast50%ofthesolarenergyreachingtheearthgoestowardevaporatingwater.“Thisisahuge,undiscoveredsourceofenergy,”saysYaoJun,professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatUMassAmherst,andthepaper'soneseniorauthor.Sincethesurfaceofourskinisconstantlymoistwithsweat,thebiofilmcan“pluginto”itandchangetheenergylockedinevaporationintoenoughenergytopowersmallequipment.“Ournextstepistoincreasethesizeofourfilmtopowermoreintelligentwearableelectronics,”saysYao,andLiupointsoutthatoneofthegoalsistopowerentireelectronicsystems,ratherthansingleequipment.32.Whatfunctionisthebiofilmexpectedtoachieve?A.Updatingwearableelectronics.B.Acquiringpowerfromevaporation.C.Changingthewayofgettingelectricity.D.Supplyingenergyto“microbialbatteries”.33.Whatistheadvantageofthebiofilmcomparedwith“microbialbatteries”?A.It'sthinnerinthickness.B.It'senvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itemploysarareenergysource.C.Itreducesthecostinusage.34.Howdoesthebiofilmpowersmalldevices?A.Byinteractingwithsolarpower.B.Bygainingenergyfromelectronicsystems.C.Byusingwatertogenerateelectricity.D.Byproducingcontinuouselectricityfromsweat.35.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebiofilm?A.Flexible.B.Controversial.C.Promising.D.Delicate.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Therearehundredsofgenres(流派)ofmusic,sowhilesomemightlikeonekind,othersmightlikesomethingcompletelydifferent.Whydopeoplelikedifferentkindsofmusic?36Atthesametime,musiccanalsohelpusfeellikepartofagrouporaculture,especiallyonethatsharesaninterestinacertainkindofmusic.Musiccanalsobenostalgic,thatis,itcreatesakindoflongingforthepast.Musiciansleavebehindafootprintwiththeirmusic.37Evenlongafterthemusiciansaregone,peoplestillfindsomethinginthemusicians'recordingsthattheycanenjoy.Wemayalsofindthatthemusicwelikeisstronglytiedtoourmemory.Maybetherewasasongthatsomeonesangtouswhenwewerelittlethatbringsupgoodmemories.38Whenwelistentomusicthatwelike,achemicalcalleddopamineissometimesreleasedinthebrain,whichcanmakeusfeelgood.39Therearesomealgorithms(算法)todaythatcanhelppickuponthekindofmusicwelike.Whenwearestreamingmusic,someprogramswillletuslikeordislikesongs.People'stasteinmusiccanremainthesameintheirwholelifeoritcanchangemanytimes.Butthetruthis,wedon'tknowalltheexactanswerstowhypeoplelikedifferentkindsofmusic——orsports,orfood,orcolors.40Wearealldifferentpeoplewholikedifferentthings.A.It'smusictoourears.B.Musiccanbeapartofouridentity.C.Itbecomesamirrorthatweareholdingup.D.Theyleaveapermanentmarkinpeople'slives.E.Therefore,wemightwanttolistentoasongonrepeat.F.Othertimes,wemightfindmusiccanbringupsadmemories.G.Therearelotsofdifferentfactorsthatcaninfluenceourpreferences.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AVirginiathird-graderhaswontwonationalawardsforherexceptionalskillinhandwriting.That'sprettyremarkableonitsown.Butwhatmakesthegirl's41extraspecialisthatsheaccomplishedit42havingnohands.OnApril26,9yearoldAnayaEllickwasnamedthe43ofthe2018ZanerBloserNationalHandwritingContest.Theaward44studentswithspecialneedswhodevelopagreatskillinhandwriting.Allparticipantshaveamentalorphysical45Anayawasbornwithouthandsoneitherarm.46shewasfittedwithprosthetics(假肢)foratime,shedecidedshewasbetteroffwithher47onesandremovedthem.Instead,shehaslearnedto48apencilbetweenherarmstodrawandwrite.Twoyearsago,shemade49acrosstheworldwhenshewasnamedawinnerinthecontest'sprintcategory.For2018,she50againforhercursivewriting.TracyCox,Anaya'steacher,saidAnayaisarole51tootherstudents.“Anayadoesnotletanythingstandinher52ofreachinghergoals,”saidCox.“Sheisdeterminedandindependent.Shehasthebest53inherclass.Herclassmatesseeherdoingthe54tasksandtheyareoften55thatshecandojustaswell,sometimesevenbetter.”Anaya'sdadGaryEllicksaidAnayahadalwaysbeen56.“Itwasalwayslike‘Icandoit.’I'mproudtoseethathardworkdoes57,”hesaid.Anayawas58atschoolonWednesday,andtheschoolsharedphotosofherwithhernewawardandexamplesofherwriting.Butanother59doesn'tmeanshe'sslowingdown.Whenaskedwhat's60onherplate,shesaid,“Sports.”41.A.progressB.determinationC.achievementD.knowledge42.A.except43.A.winnerB.despiteC.beyondC.competitorC.recognizesC.strengthC.UnlessC.basicD.withoutB.applicantD.agentD.recommendsD.disabilityD.Before44.A.representsB.reminds45.A.consequenceB.depression46.A.ThoughB.Since47.A.flexibleB.normalD.natural48.A.sharpen49.A.comments50.A.wonB.decorateB.headlinesB.settledC.holdD.designC.decisionsC.struggledC.modelD.contributionsD.volunteeredD.actress51.A.monitorB.soldier52.A.directionB.wayC.pathD.route53.A.painting54.A.sameB.leadershipB.strangeC.qualityC.urgentD.handwritingD.boring55.A.satisfiedB.disappointedC.amazed56.A.peacefulB.confidentD.upsetC.intelligentD.considerate57.A.workout58.A.honored59.A.challenge60.A.bestB.getalongB.trappedB.contestC.takeoverC.valuedD.payoffD.rescuedD.victoryC.opportunityB.nextC.lastD.first第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共50分)第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina'saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.BorninHangzhouin1911,QianwenttotheUnitedStatesfor61(far)studiesin1935.SoonasapioneerinAmerican(found)theJetPropulsionLaboratoryinthe1940s,nowjetandrockettechnology,heandhiscolleaguesoneofNASA'sleadingspace-explorationcentres.6263hero'swelcomefromhishomeland.Atthattime,inpoorChina,itsrocketsciencewasundeveloped—Nomajorsinrocketscience;Notalents;Noexperts.Nevertheless,the“No”sdidn’tdiscouragehimfrom64(take)onthe(overcome)manydifficultiesintheUS,QianeventuallyreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedachallenge.Hisreplyto“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”wasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethings65otherpeoplemake.”UnderQian'sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissilesandlauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite.Evenmuchofearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina'saerospace”.Qianwasextremely67(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscie