Unit78语法被动语态讲义练习牛津译林版英语八年级下册

译林八年级下Unit78语法被动语态讲义+练习动词语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者例：ManypeoplespeakChinese.（许多人说中文。）→主语manypeople是speak这一动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者例：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.（很多人都说中文。）→主语Chinese是speak这一动作的承受者被动语态的句型（1）肯定句：主语+be+过去分词（+by...）例：Thedeskwasmadebymyfather.（这张桌子是我父亲做的。）（2）否定句：主语+benot+过去分词（+by...）例：Thedeskwasnotmadebymyfather.（这张桌子不是我父亲做的。）（3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词（+by...）?Yes,主语+be./No,主语+benot.例：Wasthedeskmadebyyourfather?（这张桌子是你父亲做的吗？）Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be（+主语）+过去分词（+by...）?例：Whatisthiskindofsweatermadeof?（这种毛衣是用什么做的？）被动语态的基本用法①不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者例：Themachinewasinventedin1876.（该机器发明于1876年。）②强调动作的承受者例：Sheisgreatlyinfluencedbyherparents.（她深受父母的影响。）③当动作的执行者是泛指时例：Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.（有人怀疑他抢劫银行。）④出于礼貌不提出动作的执行者例：Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.（有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。）⑤有些动词习惯上常用被动语态例：Hewasborninthiscity.（他出生在这个城市。）ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.（据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。）被动语态的各种时态形式一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他例：Thesebooksaredesignedforchildren.（这些书是为孩子们设计的。）一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他例：ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.（这些车是上海生产的。）一般将来时：主语+willbe/begoingtobe+过去分词+其他例：Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.（你的工作将保留到你回来。）Thefoodisgoingtobeeatenbythedogsoon.

（这些食物马上就会被狗吃掉。）现在进行时：主语+am/is/am+being+

过去分词

+其他例：Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.（因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。）过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+

过去分词+

其他例：Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitispleted.

（这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。）现在完成时：主语

+have/hasbeen+

过去分词

+

其他例：HehasbeensenttoworkinShanghai.（他已经被派往上海工作了。）过去完成时：主语

+hadbeen+

过去分词

+

其他例：AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.（我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。）情态动词：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他例：Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.

她的体温应该一天量两次。主动语态变为被动语态（1）含有单个宾语的主动句（主+谓+宾）：①主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变主格②谓语变为被动结构（be+过去分词）③主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导，有时可省略。★口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动例：ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。（2）含有双宾的主动句（主+谓+间宾+直宾）：①将间接宾语化为主语，则保留直接宾语例：Hegivemeabook.→Iwasgivenabookbyhim.（将间宾me改为主语）②将直接宾语化为主语，则保留间接宾语。且在被保留的间接宾语前加介词to或for★注意：加to的动词：give,bring,pass,lend,write,show等加for的动词：buy,choose,get等例：Hegivemeabook.→Abookwasgivetomebyhim.（将直宾abook改为主语）（3）含有复合宾语的主动句（主+谓+宾+宾补）：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动（成为主语补足语，简称主补）。例：Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.

他们把房间刷成了白色。含有动词短语作谓语的主动句：【易错提示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。例：Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.（of不可省略）他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。感官动词（look,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等）、使役动词（let,make,have等）后接动词原形作宾补，在主动句中不带to，变为被动语态时需要加to例：Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroom.→Thegirlisoftenheardtosingintheroom.经常听到女孩在房间里唱歌。被动语态的注意事项主动形式表被动意义的情况①look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等系动词用主动表示被动意义例：Thecakesmellsdelicious.（蛋糕闻起来很香。）②lock,wash,open,move,read,write,cut,sell,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动表示被动意义例：Theclothwasheswell.（这种布料好洗。）Thebooksellsquickly.（这书销售的快。）③beworth+doing“值得...”例：Thisfilmisworthseeing.（这部电影值得看。）want/need/require+doing“需要...”=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mywatchneedsrepairing/toberepaired.（我的手表需要修理。）Myclotheswantwashing/tobewashed.（我的衣服需要洗了。）不能用被动语态的情况①宾语是反身代词或相互代词时例：Lindacandressherself.（琳达可以自己穿衣服。）②宾语是不定式或动名词时。例:Jimhopedtomeetyouagain.（吉姆希望能再见到你。）③当谓语为某些表示状态的及物动词，如have(有),own(拥有),hold(容纳),last(持续)等时，不能用被动语态。例:Ourholidaylasts10days.（我们的假期为期10天。）被动语态和系表结构的区别①被动语态表动作，系表结构表状态或情况。例:Treesareplantedinourcityeveryyear.(被动)Thestoreisopened24hoursaday.(系表)②被动语态可用进行时态，系表结构常用一般现在时、现在完成时等。例:Theplanisbeingcarriedout.(被动)Thiskindofarthavebeenlost.(系表)③被动语态一般由by说明动作的执行者，而系表结构常与其它介词短语搭配使用。例：We

wereattractedby

hislecture.(被动)We

areinterestedin

hislecture.(系表)④被动语态常用greatly等词修饰,而系表结构常由very,quite,rather,too,so等词修饰。例:Weweregreatlymovedbyhim.(被动)I'mquitesatisfiedwithyourwork.(系表)巩固提高练习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Somechildren(take)goodcareofbythenurse.2.Somenewhouses(build)bythevillagersthemselvessince1990.3.Whatlanguage(speak)inAustralia?4.ThecolorTV(buy)inthatshopthreedaysago.5.ThedoctorsaidJimmust(operate)onatonce.6.—thebridge(repair)yet?—Yes,theworkersalready(repair)it.7.WeareinGradeOnethisyear,sowe(teach)physicsnextyear.8.—Where(be)youlastnight?—I(ask)tohelpTomathome.9.Thebigtree(blow)downinthestormlastnight.10.TheGreatWall(know)allovertheworld.11.thefilm(show)manytimessincelastSunday.12.thestreetlightsusually(turn)onatseveninsummerevening?13.Sometopstudents(send)tostudyinforeigncountriesonceayear.14.Moreandmoreschools(build)herelater.15.—Wherearetheapples?—Ithinkthey(eat)bythoseboys.16.Manynewthings(invent)inthelasttenyears.17.Alltheshoes(sell)outlastweek.18.Howlongthebook(cankeep)?19.Tom(hide)hisshoesbehindthetree.Sothey(notfind)easily.20.Thebabieshere(take)goodcareofeveryday.21.Hisnewnovel(finish)nextweek.22.He(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.23.Anothermanmadesatellite(send)upintospacebythemlastweek.24.Manytrees(plant)bypeopletherelastyear.25.Vegetables(grow)onthefarm26.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.27.Thatplay(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.28.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.29.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.30.—Whataknife(make)of?—It(make)ofmetalandwood.31.APianoconcert(give)herelastFriday.32.themagazine(cantake)outofthelibrary?33.Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday.34.Thestars(cansee)inthedaytime.35.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.36.Thesekindsofmachines(make)inJapan.37.Apples(grow)onthisfarm.38.Russian(learn)asasecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.39.Planes,carsandtrains(use)bypeoplefortravelling.40.Thecinema(build)in1985.二、单项选择。()1.Oneortwomanmadesatellitesinourcountryeveryyear.A.havebeensentupB.willbesentupC.issentupD.aresentup()2.OurTVsetyesterday.A.isrepairedB.wasrepairedC.hadbeenrepairedD.wouldberepaired()3.Anewbuildinginourschoolnextyear.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.hasbeenbuilt()4.ManybooksonsciencesinceIwenttocollege.A.wereboughtB.havebeenboughtC.willbeboughtD.arebought()5.AwonderfulEnglishtalkbyMr.Liutomorrow.A.hasbeengivenB.isgivenC.isbeinggivenD.willbegiven()6.HowtheGreatPyramid(金字塔)manyyearsagowithoutmodernmachines.A.is；builtB.would；bebuiltC.have.；beenbuiltD.was；built()7.Foodandclothesbywomen.AisoftentalkaboutB.areoftentalkedC.areoftentalkedaboutD.oftentalkedabout()8.theworkyet?is；finishedB.Will；befinishedC.Has；beenfinishedD.Would；befinished()9.Suchfilmsbychildren.Theyarebadforthem.mustbenotseenB.mustnotbeseemustnotseenD.mustnotbeseen()10.Treesinwinterbutinspring.notcanbeplantedB.canbenotplantedC.can'tbeplantedD.cannotbeplant()11.ThiskindofcarsinJapantenyearsago.canonlybemadeB.couldonlymadeC.becouldonlymadeD.couldonlybemade()12.Afriendlybasketballmatchbetweenteachersandstudentstomorrowafternoon.Anybodyiswele.A.washeldB.willbeheldC.isheldD.mustbeheld()13.Thebeartothezootomorrowmorning.A.maybesendB.mayissentC.maybesentD.ismaysent()14.Inthepasttenyears,alotofnewbuildingsinourcity.A.areputupB.haveputupC.havebeenputD.havebeenputup()15.Sofarthisyear,manynewhousesinYunnanwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt()16.Theputerisbroken.ittoday?A.Will;repairB.Has,beenrepairedC.Will;berepairedD.Has;repaired()17.Itissaidthatanewrobotbyhiminafewdays.A.designedB.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned()18.Thepositionanymore.neednottobecorrectedB.doesn'tneedtobecorrectedC.doesn'tneedbecorrectedD.neednotcorrect()19.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonoticeofher.A.istakenB.takesC.willbetakenD.hastaken()20.DiamondinBrazilin1971.A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound()21.—Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?—Notyet.Theroom.A.hasbeenpaintedB.ispaintedC.paintsD.isbeingpainted()22.MypicturesuntilnextFriday.A.won'tdevelopB.aren'tdevelopedC.don'tdevelopD.won'tbedeveloped()23.Timsincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.hadbeenunemployedB.wasunemployedC.hasbeenunemployedD.hasunemployed()24.Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversitiessince1949.A.hasbeensetupB.havebeensetupC.havesetupD.hadbeensetup()25.I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecauseweifweleaveithere.A.wouldbefinedB.willbefinedC.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined()26.twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?TheyhavebeengivenB.IhavebeengivenC.IamgivenD.Theyhavegiventome()27.Ithinkmuchattentionyourpronunciation.A.mustbepaidtoB.maybepaidtoC.mustpaytoD.canbepaidto()28.IfoundamedicinebottledroppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A.wasB.hadC.hadbeenD.is()29.Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmadetousyet.A.hasnotexplainedB.hasnotbeenexplainedC.didnotexplainedD.werenotexplained()30.Idon'trememberthechancetotrythismethod.A.havingbeengivenB.tohavebeengivenC.havinggivenD.tohavegiven()31.ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()32.Youshouldhaveputthemilkinthe