人教版高中英语教案Unit Five The Power of Nature

UnitFiveThePowerofNature

Thethemeofthisunitisdisastersthatarecausedbynatureforces.Itexamineshow

peoplefeelindangeroussituationandthewaysinwhichhumansprotectthemselvesfrom

naturaldisasters.

Whatisvolcano?

Imaginewearingaconcretebodysuitallofthetime.Afterawhile,you'dfeel

extremelyhotbecauseofthetremendouspressureyou'dfeelonyourbody.Ifyouthink

aboutit,themantle（地幔）wearsahuge,heavybodysuitthatisaboutseventykilometers

thick,It'snottoohardtobelieve,then,thatthereisextremepressureandheatinthe

mantle.Thehightemperatureandthepushandthepullforcescausesomeofthemantleto

melt.Thismoltenrockisknownasmagma（岩浆）.

Avolcanoisavent（排气孑L）intheearthfromwhichmoltenrock（magma）andgas

erupt.Themoltenrockthateruptsfromthevolcano（lava岩浆熔岩）formsahillor

mountainaroundthevent.Allvolcaniceruptionsarenotalike.Someeruptionsarequiet,

withlavaflowingslowlyfromavent.Othereruptionsareveryviolent,withlavaandother

materialsbeinghurled（抛投换B）hundredsofmilesintotheair.Gasesfromwithinthe

earth5sinterior（内部的）mixwithhugequantitiesofdustandashandriseintoairasgreat

darkcloudsthatcanbeseenfrommanykilometersaway.Somedark-coloredlavaisthin

andrunny,andtendstoflow.

Topic:volcano,craterlakes,cyclones,floods

Vocabulary:diagram（图解图表），volcano,erupt,eruption,ash,hurricane,

questionnaire（问卷调查问卷），alongside（在.…旁边），equipment,appoint,database,

evaluate（评估评价），wave,fountain（喷泉源泉），absolutely,suit,helmet,boot,

potential,actual,candidate,bungalow（平房小屋），typhoon,thunderstorm（雷暴）,

precious,novelist,fog,document,rainbow,uncomfortable,balcony,unconscious,shoot,

shot,tremble,sweat,anxious,anxiety,panic（惊慌），diverse（多种多样的不同的）,bathe,

appreciation,guarantee,bumtotheground（全部烧毁），makeone'sway（摸索前进前

往）,glancethrough（匆匆看一遍）varyfromto（由.…到.…不等）

Function:

Emotions情感（joy,fear,anxiety,surprise）

IbecamesoexcitedthatIhadneverfeltsohappyas

I'mlookingforwardtoDoesn'tthatlooklovely!

Youdidagoodjob.Perfect!

Ican'twaitWhat'shappening?

What'shappened?Whafsthatnoise?

I'mfrightened.Iwastrembling

Iwasneversofrightened...Iwassoanxious

Ifeltverynervous.Oh,mygoodness.

Where'sthe...?Oh,no!

Grammar:-ingform

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:

Getstudentstoknowaboutdisastersthatarecausedbynaturalforces.

Havestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsaboutnaturaldisasters

andletthemlearneffectivewaystomasterthem.

Enablestudentstoexpresstheiremotionssuchasjoy,fear,anxietyandsurprise.

Letstudentsgetabetterunderstandingofthegrammaritem:the-ingform.

Developstudents5listening,speaking,readingandwritingability.

ThefirstperiodWarming-up,Pre-reading,ReadingandComprehending

Knowledgeandskills:

1.Toknowthemeaningsofthefollowingwordsandphrases:diagram（图解图表）,

volcano,erupt,eruption,ash,hurricane,questionnaire（问卷调查问卷），alongside（在.…

旁边），equipment,appoint,database,evaluate（评估评价），wave,fountain（喷泉源泉），

absolutely,suit,helmet,boot,potential,actual,candidate,bungalow（平房小屋），typhoon,

thunderstorm（雷暴），precious,novelist,fog,document,rainbow,uncomfortable,balcony,

unconscious,shoot,shot,tremble,sweat,anxious,anxiety,panic（惊慌）,diverse（多种多

样的不同的）,bathe,appreciation,guarantee,burntotheground（全部烧毁）,makeone^

way（摸索前进前往）,glancethrough（匆匆看一遍）,varyfromto（由….到.…不等）,

makeaneffort（努力）,becoveredwith/by,hurricane（飓风）

2.Tolearnaboutsomedisastersthatarecausedbynaturalforces,howpeoplefeelin

dangerousandthewaysinwhichhumansprotectthemselvesfromnaturaldisasters.

3.Tolearnhowtheinformationisorganized.

4.Todevelopthestudents5readingabilitybyskimmingandscanningthepassage.

5.Todevelopthestudents'speakingabilitybytalkingaboutnaturalforces.

Emotion,attitudeandvalue:

1.Tostimulatestudents5lovetonature.

2.Todevelopstudents'senseofcooperativelearning.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:

1.Toenablethestudentstolearnaboutthepowerofnatureandtodeveloptheir

readingability.

2.Toenablethestudentstotalkaboutnaturalforces.

Step1Warmingup

1.Warmingupbylookingandtalking

（Showstudentssomepicturesandletthemknowaboutthepowerofnature）.

Threetypesofvolcanoes:alivevolcano,dormantvolcano,extinctvolcano.

2.WarmingupbylearningsomethingaboutVolcano.

Step2Pre-reading

1.Canyouimagineclimbingintoalivevolcanoinordertomeasurethetemperatureof

theboilingrockinside?

2.Encouragestudentstotalkaboutvolcanoesbylookinganddiscussing.

3.根据课文内容填空一’

TheTraveltounusualplacesandworkalongsidepeoplefromalloverthe

writer'sworld.

jobHelpprotectordinarypeoplefromoneofthemostpowerfulforceson

earth:thevolcano.

CollectinformationforadatabaseaboutMountKilauea.

Helpotherscientiststopredictwherelavawillflownextandhowfast.

ThefirstThedayoftheMybedbeganshakingandIheardastrange

experienceeruptionsound.

Mybedroombecameasbrightasday.

Redhotlavafountainedhundredsofmetersinto

theair.

ThedayaftertheTwootherscientistsandIweredrivenupthe

eruptionmountainanddroppedascloseaspossibletothe

craterthathadbeenformedduringtheeruption.

Weslowlymadeourwaytotheedgeofthecrater

andlookeddownintothered,boilingcenter.

Step3Readingandcomprehending

1.Fast-reading:

Askstudentstoskimthepassagesoastogetthekeywordsandgeneralideaofeach

paragraphandanswerthequestion:

Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

2.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions:

1)Whyisthevolcanologist'sjobimportant?

2)WhyisthelavathatflowsonMountKilaueamoredangerousthantheactual

eruption?

3)Whywasitdifficultforthewritertowalktowardstheedgeofthecrater?

4)Whatdoesthewriterfindimpressiveaboutvolcanoesevenafterstudyingthemfor

manyyears?

5)Whatdidtheauthorthinkitwaswhenaneruptionoccurred?

6)Whydidthescientistslooklikespacemen?

3.Askstudentstoscanfordetailedinformationanddiscussthefollowingquestion

withtheirpartnersandbepreparedtoreporttotheclass.

Havinglearntalittlemoreabouttheworkofavolcanologist,doyouthinkitisan

occupationyouwouldenjoy?(Givesomeexamples)

Step4Languagestudy

Dealwithanylanguageproblemifanywordsorsentencesstudentsmightnot

understandtohelpthestudentstohaveabetterunderstandingofthetext.

Step5Listening,readingaloudandunderlining

Askstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothe

pronunciationofeachwordandthepausewithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutall

theusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothe

notebookafterclassashomework.

Step6Structureanalyzing

Afterreading,askstudentstodiscussthetextstructure.

(Thispassageisafirst-personaccountofavolcanologist'sexperiences.The

volcanologistdescribedhisexcitingjobandwrotedownhisfirstsightofaneruption.The

firstparagraphintroducesthetopicandthethemeofthetext.Therestofthetextpresents

theinformationinchronological(编年史的)order.Afeatureofanaccountofa

volcanologist'sexperiencesistheabundanceoftimeexpressions.Theiastsentenceofthe

reportfunctionsasaconclusion.Inaddition,eachsectionbeginswithatopicsentence.)

Step7Retelling

Askstudentstotalkaboutthevolcanologist'sexperiencesintheirownwords.Give

themsomekeywordsandexpressions.Thenletthemtrytoretellthepassage.

Step8Homework

1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.

2.Trytofindmorepicturesshowingnaturalforcesandtalkaboutthem.

Step9Reflectionafterteaching

Thesecondperiod:Reading

Step1Leadin

Step2Fastreading:

ReadthepassageAnExcitingJobasquicklyasyoucanandtrytogetthemainideaof

thepassage.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.AneruptionoccurredinHawaii.

B.Avolcanologist'sjobisexciting.

C.Avolcanologisfsexcitingjobandhisfirstsightofaneruption.

D.Asightofaneruptionishorrible.

Step2Detailedreading

1.Readthefirstandthesecondparagraphsandfinishthefollowingtasks.

1)Whyisavolcanologist'sjobimportant?

2)Thewriterdoesn'tmindtheoccasionaldangerofhisjobbecause.

A.Hetravelstounusualplacesandmeetsinterestingpeoplefromallovertheworld.

B.Helikesthedifferentwaysofworking.

C.Hethinkshisjobthemostimportant.

D.Heisexcitedaboutdangerandfeelsalive.

3)Asaresultofthevolcanologist'sjob,.

A.otherscientistspredicttheprogressoflavafromthevolcano.

B.manypeoplehavebeenwarnedtoleavetheirhomes.

C.theeruptioncauseslessdamage.

D.theeruptionmaybepreventedfrombreakingout.

2.Readthethirdandtheforthparagraphsandfinishthefollowingtask.

1)Whatmadethewriterrealizethataneruptionoccurred?

2)Whatdoesthewritermeanbyusing“lucky“inthesentence“Iwasluckyenoughto

haveamuchcloserlookatit”？

A.Hefeltmuchsaferonthetopwhiletheothertwoscientistsclimbedintothecrater.

B.Itwashisfirstsightofaneruption.

C.Itwasthefirsttimeforhimtowatchthecrater.

D.BothBandC.

3.Readthelastparagraphandprepare1-2questionstoaskyourpartneraboutit.

Step4Searchingreading

1.Analyzethesentence.

Havingcollectedandevaluatetheinformation,Ihelpedotherscientiststopredict

wherethelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.

2.Whichsentenceinthetestcanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

ThereasonwhyIdon'tmindthatmyjobissometimesdangerousisthatdangercanbe

excitingandmakemefullofenergy.

3.Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

“Potential“means:A.possibilityB.opportunity

4.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.

Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswell

astheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

Step5Discussion

Havinglearnedalittlemoreabouttheworkofavolcanologist,whatqualitiesdoyou

thinkavolcanologistshouldhave?Whatqualitydoyouthinkisthemostimportant?And

giveyourreason.Doyouliketobeavolcanologist?

Step6Homework

1.Formoreinformationaboutnaturalforces,youmayreferto:http://baike.Baidu,

com.

2.FinishtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsonPage36.

ThesecondperiodLanguagestudy

Knowledgeandskills:

1.Getthestudentstolearntousethefollowingimportantnewwordsandphrases

freely:absolutely,makeone'sway,alongside,appoint,wave,suit,potential,actual.

2.Getstudentstounderstandandusethefollowingimportantandusefulsentence

patterns:

1)Havingcollectedandevaluatetheinformation,Ihopeotherscientiststopredict

wherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.

2)Iwasabouttogobacksleepwhensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.

3)Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,but

thisbeingnyfirstexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:

1.Importantnewwordsandexpressions:absolutely,makeone'sway,alongside,

appoint,wave,suit,potential,actual.

2.Importantandusefulsentencepatterns:

1)beabouttodo...when

2)the-ingformusedastheadverbialinasentence

3Somedifficultandlongsentencesinthetext.

Step1Revision

1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.

2.Asksomestudentstosaysomethingaboutthepowerofnature.

Step2Readingandfinding

GetstudentstoreadthroughWarmingUp,Pre-reading,Reading,Comprehendingand

Learningaboutlanguagetounderlineallthenewwordsandusefulexpressionsor

collocationsintheseparts.Readthemaloudandcopythemdownintheexercisebook.

Step3Practiceforusefulwordsandexpressions

1.TurntoPage36.GothroughtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsand

expressionswithstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo.

2.Givethemseveralminutestofinishtheexercises.Theyfirstdothemindividually,

andthendiscussandcheckthemwiththeirpartners.

3.Checktheanswerswiththewholeclassandexplaintheproblemstheymeetwhere

necessary.

Step4Languagestudy

1.consider:考虑，其后接名词/代词/动名词或者从句/疑问词+不定式（t。

be）

consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语,consider+宾语从句.

WeareconsideringgoingtoHainanfortheSpringFestival.

Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.

Doyouconsiderthatwecanfinishtheprojectaheadoftime?

Theyconsideredtheplanasreasonable.

Iconsiderhertohavedonewonderfullyinthefinalexam.

Michealisconsidered（tobe）expertincomputerscience.

Weconsiderthatthedefendant（被告）isnotguilty.

2.-logy学论-ist.…学家

volcanology火山学论oceanology海洋学论climatology气象学论

3.alongside:在.…旁边，沿着.…的边.

Thepolicecarpulledupalongside.那辆警车在旁边停下。

Theboatpulledupalongsidethedock（石马头）.

4.equipment:装备设备用具apieceofequipment一件设备

Thecompleteequipmentofthenewhospitalwilltakeayear.

把这家医院的设备配齐要花一年时间.

Weneverdoubtedhisequipmentforthisimportantposition.

我们对他担任这一要职的能力从未怀疑过.

相关短语：equip….for….（为了.…而装备,使.…有准备），equiponeself/sb./sth.

Withsth.（用装备），beequippedtodosth.（为了做..而装备）,beequipped

with..…（配备着….）.

Ourlaboratoryiswellequipped.

Hisworkexperienceequippedhimtodealwithallkindsofpeople.

他的工作经验使他能与个中国移动人打交道.

Thesoldiersareequippedwiththemodernweapons.

5.appoint:任命/委派/约会.

相关短语：appoint+n.+（as/tobe）（任命某人为beappointedas/tobe+n.（某

人被任命为….）,appointsb.todosth.（指定某人做），appointsb.tosp.（委派某人去

某地任职）,appointtimeforsth.（确定…的时间）,appointaplaceforsth.（确定...的地

点），make/have/fixanappointmentwithsb.（与.…某人预约），keep/breakan

appointment（守约/违约）,byappointment（按约定，按事先约定的时间）

Theyappointedhim（tobe）manager.

Heappointedtheschoolhouseastheplaceforthemeeting.他制定校舍为开会地点.

TheymadeanappointmentfortheseconddayofMay.他们在五月二号有个约会.

TheDirectoronlyseesstudentsbyappointment.系主任只按规定的时间约见学生.

6.evaluate:评估评价评估报告

estimate:指由个人做出的主观估价.assess:引申为通过估价以便更好地利用.

Evaluate:指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物

的市场价值.value:侧重于指一般人对某物的价值或价格所做的估计.

Let'sevaluatetheevidence.

Iattemptedanhonestevaluationofmyown.我试图如实评价我自己的一生.

Thepoliceestimatedthenumberofdemonstratorsatabout5,000.

警方估计示威者的人数为五千左右.

Thevalueofthispropertywasassessedatonemilliondollars.

财产的价值估计为一百万美元.

Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.

我们的研究试图对不同的药物的疗效进行评估.

Ivaluethisnecklaceat$5,000.我估计这条项链的价值五千美元.

7.bumsth.Tosth.把某物烧成某种状态.

相关短语:bumtodeath（烧死）,burnoff（烧掉）,burndown（建筑物等被烧毁）,bum

up（烧旺烧坏）,burnout（烧毁累坏）

Hehasnoplacetoliveinbecausehishousehasbeenburnttotheground.

Youhaveburntthetoasttocinder.你把面包片烧焦7.

Don'tleavethegasonyoumightbumthehousedown.

Thehouseburntdowninhalfanhour.

Allthewoodhasbeenburntup.

Thehotelwascompletelyburntout.该旅馆毁于大火.

Ifhedoesn'tstopworkingsohard,hewillbumhimselfout.

8.beaboutto...when冈”要..这时（when=andthen）

was（were）doingwhen正在.…突然..;

Not（hardly）had+主语+donewhen刚一（还没）..就….；

was（were）onthepointofdoingwhen….正要.…就在这时

Theywerejustabouttogiveupthequestion,whensuddenlytheyfoundtheanswer.

HardlyhadIfallenasleepwhenthetelephonerang.我刚一睡着，电话就响T.

Wewerereadingintheroomwhensomeonecamein.

9.adapt:改变以适应新条件；adjust:调节调整，是适应；fit:多用于大小合适;

suit:多用于指“合乎要求口味性格情况”等；match:指“大小色调形状性质等

相配或相称”

Youshouldadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.

你应该调整自己以适应新的环境.

Youcan'tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes.

你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后，你才能看得见.

Theshoesfittedmewell.这双鞋很适合我.

Nodishsuitsalltaste.众口难调.

Aredjacketdoesn'tmatchgreentrousers.红夹克和绿裤子不搭配.

10.makeone，sway（to/towards）:向某地走去makeone5sway:有出息.

Shehesitated,butmadeherwayforward.她犹豫了一会儿，但向前走去.

Shehastilylefttheroom,andmadeherwaytoherbed.

她迅速离开房间，朝她床边走去.

Ifyouwanttomakeyourwayinyourworld,youmustlearntoworkhardwhileyou

arestillyoung.

你若想要有出息，趁年轻的时候要学会发奋.

相关短语：feelone'sway（摸索前进）,pushone'sway（挤过）,findone、way（设法到

达）,goone5sway（走自己的路我行我素）,fightone5sway（奋勇前进）,windone'sway

（蜿蜒前进），loseone'sway（迷路），ontheway,intheway,noway（绝不），bytheway

11.potential:可能性潜力潜能；潜在的可能的

Shehasactingpotential,butsheneedstraining.

Theproducthasevenmorepotentialinexportmarkets.

这种产品在出口市场上甚至会有更大的销售潜力。

Step5Usingwordsandexpressions

1.TurntoPage70.AskstudentstodoexercisesinUsingWordsandExpressionsinthe

workbook.Thefollowingproceduresmaybefollowed.

2.请根据课文中注释或首字母提示，用本单元所学的词的正确形式填空.

1）HowcanIexpressmy（感激）foryourselfishhelp?

2）MissGreen（挥手）andcarriedhersuitcasetoherfather'scar.

3）AsfarasIamconcerned,yourdaughter'sidealis（绝对地）independence.

4）Thegirlwas（'I京'I荒）whensherealizedshecouldn'tfindthewaybacktothe

hotel.

5）Thestory（使兴奋）thelittleboyverymuch.

6）Onhotdaysweoftengo（洗澡）intheriver.

7）Itwaswet,colddayandthechildrenwereb.

8）It'smanyyearssinceMountVesuviuslaste.

9）Hedrewfanimalswithtwoheadsandlargewings.

10）I'matogethometoopenmypresents.

11）Theyhadtoctomorrow'sfootballmatchbecauseofthebadweather.

12）Theprofessorwilletheperformanceofeachstudentinhisclass.

13）Tommywantedtobuythisbusinesss,buthiswifedidn'tlikeit.

14）Ifeelsoluckytohaveafriendjustlikeyouandyourfriendshipismostpto

me.

15)Thetrafficpolicedemandthatthetruckdriverstophistuckathe

restaurant.

(Suggestedanswers:appreciation;waved;absolute;panicked;excited;bathing;bored;

erupted;fantastic;anxious;cancel;suit;evaluate;precious;alongside)

Step6Homework

1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.DoExercise3intheexercisebook.

2.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsbyheart.

Reflectionafterclass:

PeriodThreeGrammar:the——ingForm

Knowledgeandskills:

1.Getthestudentstoknowthedifferenceformsandusagesofthepresentparticiple.

2.Enablethestudentstousethepresentparticipleastheadverbialcorrectlyand

probably.

Teachingdifficultandimportantpoints:

1.Getthestudentstomasterthestructureandusageofthe—ingform.

2.Enablethestudentstolearnhowtousethe—ingformcorrectly.

Step1Revision

1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.

2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.

Step2Warmingup

Askstudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructuresand

themeaningofthe—ingform.

1.the—ingformastheadverbial

1)BecauseIwasfeelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.(=Feelingtired)

2)WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=Walking)

3)Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Turning)

4)ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.(=Knowing)

5)Istoodthere,andwaitedforher.(=waiting)

2.havingdone

1)AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.(=Havingfinished)

2)Becausethebookhadbeenwritteninhaste,ithassomefaults.(=Havingbeen

written)

(注意：1-The-ingformcanbeusedastheadverbialinasentencetogiveinformation

abouttime,reasonorresult.2.Thestructure“havingdone^^isusedtorefertoanaction

thattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbytheverbinthesameclause.)

Step3Summingup

语法基础：

l.V—ing形式作状语的基本用法.V—ing形式用作状语修饰动词，其动作执行者

与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系.在句子中表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步

行为，方式或伴随情况等.V—ing形式做时间，原因，条件，让步状语时多位于句首;

做结果，伴随,情况状语时常常位于句末，相当于对应的状语从句.

1）Crossing/Whenhecrossedtheroad,hewasrunoverbyacar.（时间）

2）Being/Sincehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.（原因）

3）Hisfatherdied,leaving/andlefthimalotofmoney.（结果，相当于—1K并列谓

语）

4）Working/Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.（条件）

5）Knowing/Althoughtheyknowallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.（让步）

6）Helayonthegrass,staring/andstaredattheskyforalongtime.（表行为方式,伴

随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构）

2.现在分词作原因状语的标志

1）be的现在分词短语常常表示原因（构成being+adj./n.）

Beingsoexcited,manyofuscouldnotgotosleepthatnight.

BeingPartymembers,weshouldtaketheleadineverything..

2）含有“知道”“忘记”等心理活动的现在分词短语一般表示原因.类似的词语有:

noticing,thinking,earning,sensing等.

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.

3）由连系动词组成的分词短语（包括分词独立结构），一般表示原因.

Feelingtired,Ilaydownonthegrass.

4）句子动词含有“必须”“不得不”等意思时，作状语的现在分成（或独立结构）一

般表示原因.

Therainhavingruinedmyhat,Ihadtobuyanewone.

3.V—ing分词的一般式的动作和后面的动作使同时进行的动作，完成式的动作是

先于后面句子动词的动作发生.

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.

4.V—ing分词的语态：现在分词的主动是表示动作由句子主语发出，而被动时表

示主语承受该动作.

Beingnoticedbysomanypeople,shefeltnervous,notknowingwhattodo.

Nothavingbeenwashedinthecorrectway,thecoathasfaded.

5.V—ing分词的否定形式，由not/never加V—ing分词构成

Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.

6.V—ing形式作状语时应注意的问题

1）V—ing形式作状语于过去分词作状语的区别.（主动与进行/被动与完成）

Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons.（主动关

系，作伴随状语）

Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic.（被动和完成关系，表示原因）

2）V—ing分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致.如果不一致,

必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语.

Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you'llfindthattheyhavemuchin

common.

Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtopolicemanforhelp.

Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherone.

3）但有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制.

常见的分词短语有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,supposing（假设），judging

from（从.…判断）,talkingof（谈到）,speakingof（谈到）

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.

Judgingfromhisaccount,hemustbefromthenorth.

Step4Practice

高考题再现：

一.单项选择

1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.

A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause

2.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,

Qinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake.

A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent

3.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tomissanypoint.

A.nottryingB.tryingnotC.totrynotD.nottotry

4.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.

A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running

5.Amyjoinedapaintinggroupbutdidn'tseemto,sosheleft.

A.showoffB.goupC.fitinD.comeover

6.theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsof

victory.

A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Being

thrown

7.Thereareplentyofjobsinthewesternpartofthecountry.

A.presentB.availableC.preciousD.convenient

8.thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.

A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized

9.Theglassdoorshavetakenplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,inthe

naturallightduringtheday.

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet

10.Mymotheralwaysgetsabitifwedon'tarrivewhenwesaywewill.

A.anxiousB.ashamedC.weakD.patient

11.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.

A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover

12.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicalgardenattractedthevisitorstothe

beautyofnature.

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt

13.Willthosethechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster'soffice?

A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.whoteaching

14.themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.

A.ThepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend

C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident'sattending

15.——Whydidyougobacktotheshop?

——Ileftmyfriendthere.

A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits

16.Don5tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun

17.Acoowillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked

18.Whendifferentculture,weoftenpayattentiontothedifferenceswithout

noticingthemanysimilarities.

A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared

19.Moreandmorepeoplearesigningupforyogaclassesnowadays,advantage

ofthehealthandrelaxationbene