河南省新乡市原阳县第一高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学英语试题（解析版）

2024—2025学年高二上学期入学测试英语试卷第二部分

阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABonn&theRhineinFlamesThursday5MaytoMonday9MayArelaxing5-dayrailbreaktoBonn,agreatcityontheRhine.Day1TraveltoBonnTakingamid-morningEurostarfromLondon’sStPancrasstationtoBrusselsMidiinBelgiumwhereweconnectwithanInterCityExpresstraintoCologne.HerewemakeafinalchangeoftrainandtraveltoBonnwhereweenjoya4-nightstayattheIntercityHotel.Day2DrachenfelsCogRailway&aTourofSchlossDrachenburgMorningtram(电车)ridetoKonigswintertotakethefamouscograilwayuptheDrachenfelshill.LaterweheadtoSchlossDrachenburg,builtforthebankerBaronStephanvonSarter.Day3“RheininFlammen”BoatCruise(乘船游览)＆FireworkShowAfreemorningandearlyafternoontospendexploringBonn,knownasthebirthplaceofLudwigvanBeethoven.Avisittothisworldfamouscomposer’shouseisamust.Fromlateafternoonwetakeaboatcruiseandwatchthebeautifulfireworkshow.Day4WuppertalSchwebebahnWetakeamorningtraintoWuppertalandenjoyareturntripontheSchwebebahnhangingrailway.Therailwayopenedin1901andhasbeeninalmostcontinuousserviceabovethecityeversince.AnimportantpartoftheWuppertaltransportsystem,thistrainismadeevenmoreattractivebythefactthatthewheelsareontheroof!EarlyeveningwereturntoBonn.Day5ReturnHometoLondonAfterbreakfastwetakeamid-morningtrainfromBonnbacktoCologne’smainstation.HerewereturntoLondon.5Daysfrom£785perPersonPRICEINCLUDES■Allrailtravelasstated■UnlimitedtravelonlocaltransportinBonncityarea■Excursions(游览)aslisted■Accommodationingood,qualityhotelonabedandbreakfastbasis■ServicesofatourleaderfromLondonandthroughoutthetour1.OnwhichdaywilltouristsvisitthefamouscomposerBeethoven’shouse?A.Day2. B.Day3. C.Day4. D.Day5.2.WhatdoweknowaboutWuppertalSchwebebahn?A.Itopenedin1921. B.Itisahangingrailway.C.Itisalreadyoutofservice. D.ItwasbuiltbyStephanvonSarter.3.Whatdotouristsneedtopayextraforduringthetrip?A.Breakfasts.B.Servicesofatourleader.C.Lunchesandeveningmeals.D.TravelonlocaltransportinBonn.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍一个去莱茵河边波恩城市的五天旅行。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章Day3中“AfreemorningandearlyafternoontospendexploringBonn,knownasthebirthplaceofLudwigvanBeethoven.Avisittothisworldfamouscomposer’shouseisamust.(一个自由的上午和下午早些时候花在探索波恩，被称为路德维希·范·贝多芬的出生地。参观这位世界著名作曲家的家是必须的。)”可知，第三天可以参观著名作曲家贝多芬的家。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章Day4中“WetakeamorningtraintoWuppertalandenjoyareturntripontheSchwebebahnhangingrailway.(我们乘坐早班火车前往Wuppertal，在Schwebahn悬空铁路上享受回程。)”可知，WuppertalSchwebebahn是一个悬空铁路。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“Accommodationingood,qualityhotelonabedandbreakfastbasis(住宿在优质酒店，提供住宿和早餐)”以及上文可知，该旅游费用中指包括早餐，所以午餐和晚餐需要额外支付。故选C项。BItwasinabrightly-litroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndia-bornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(杂交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麦)varieties,whichhavebeentwodistinctandisolatedgenepools(分离的基因库)sincethebeginningoffarming.Andbecauseofthisbreakthrough,thescientisthasbeenabletobreedover480wheatvarieties.BorninVaranasiin1943,DrRajaramlivedwithhisfamilyoffaplotoflandgrowingwheat,riceandmaize.“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,”saidDrRajaram.“Everycountryisunique—thereareclimatesystems,culture,thefinancialsituationandeachofthenationsIvisitedneededadifferentsetofsolutions,”saidDrRajaram.Hissolutionsbecamepartofwhatiswidelydescribedastheworld’sfirst“wheatnetwork”,aglobalexchangeof

“geneticinformationandinnovationsamongresearchers”.Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延迟)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(边界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”4.WhywasDrRajaramawardedtheWorldFoodPrize?A.Heimprovedseveralwheatvarietiesgenetically.B.Hecrossbredthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.C.Hesuccessfullybredtwowheatvarieties.D.Hefoundthedifferencebetweenthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.5.WhendidDrRajaramstarttoworkonplantbreeding?A.DuringhiscollegeyearsinIndia.B.WhiledoinghisPhDinAustralia.C.AfterbecomingamemberofCIMMYTinMexico.D.Whilelivingwithhisfamilynearwheat-growingland.6.WhatisoneadvantageofthewheatvarietiesdevelopedbyDrRajaram?A.Theycanbeplantedinanyseason.B.Theyarefreefromtheattackofsomepantdiseases.C.Theycangrowwellinterribleenvironments.D.Theycangrowtallerthantraditionalones.7.WhatcanwelearnaboutDrRajaramfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewastoobusywithworktodevelopanyhobby.B.Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeresultsofhisresearch.C.Heplannedtodoresearchinanewfieldofscience.D.Hemadehismindtoworkonworldfoodproblems.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了小麦育种专家SanjayaRajaram成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种，获得世界粮食奖。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itwasinabrightly-litroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndia-bornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.(2014年6月18日，在墨西哥墨西哥城一个灯火通明的房间里，印度出生的SanjayaRajaram博士被宣布为世界粮食奖获得者)”以及第二段“DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(杂交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麦)varieties,(Rajaram博士因成功杂交冬小麦和春小麦品种而获得该奖项)”可知，SanjayaRajaram博士被授予世界粮食奖，是因为他杂交了冬小麦和春小麦品种。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,(在印度接受教育后，我去了澳大利亚攻读博士学位，很快我加入了墨西哥的CIMMYT（国际玉米小麦改良中心），在那里我开始了我的植物育种者职业生涯)”可知，Rajaram博士加入国际玉米小麦改良中心后，开始从事植物育种工作。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延迟)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.(他的小麦品种营养丰富，延迟了一些植物病害的侵袭，能够在最恶劣的条件下存活下来)”可知，Rajaram博士培育的小麦品种能在恶劣的环境中生长。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(边界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”(在该领域工作了近半个世纪后，Rajaram博士说他的工作还没有完成。‘在科学领域，你永远不会停止学习。我一辈子都在做这件事，我从来没有真正有时间做其他事情。就爱好而言，好吧，有一点我喜欢听的音乐，几乎就是这样。我一直在努力突破可能的极限，今天还有工作要做。学习永远不能停止，世界也不能挨饿。’)”可知，Rajaram博士已经在粮食领域工作了数十年，他认为自己还有很多工作要做，需要不断学习，让世界人民不再饥饿。因此可推断，他决定致力于解决世界粮食问题。故选D。CTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.8.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.9.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants’lackofwaterBTochangecompositionsofplantsC.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.10.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?BHowdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】8D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。DImagineyou’reatthesupermarketcheckout.Youpaythecashier,loadyourfoodintothecart,thentakeonethirdofyournewlypurchaseditemsoutsideandthrowthemintothetrash.Thismaysoundunbelievable,butmillionsofusworldwidedothisregularly,althoughinamorenon-directway.IntheWest,mostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellit,orbyconsumerswhobuytoomuch.Andthemajorityofthisfood,despitebeingpastitsshelflife,isstillperfectlyfitforhumanconsumption.Sowheredotheseexcessproductsendup?“Wereceivefoodfromvarioussources,includingfoodbanks,restaurants,cafes,foodphotographers,andevents”saysAdamSmith,founderofTheRealJunkFoodProject.TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.Mostofitscustomersarelow-incomefamilies,orevencollegestudentswhofinditdifficulttoaffordfood.“Weaskourcustomerstopaywhattheyfeelintime,moneyorskills.Wedohavepeoplecomingwiththeintentionofpayingandifitcarriesonlikeitdoes,itwillpayforthecostofthewarehouse,”Smithexplains.SomeshopsacrossEuropearealsotakingaction.Francerecentlypassedalawthatsaysallsupermarketsmustnowdonatealloftheirunsoldproducetocharities,whiletheItaliangovernmenthasalsoputsimilarmeasuresinplace.Hundredsofcafesthatservemealsmadefromsurplusfoodhavebeensetupacrossthecontinenttoo,sellingdishesatbottompricesorevengivingthemawayforfree.Sowhatcanwedotopreventourdinnerendingupinthebin?“Buyless.Oratleastshopsmarter,”saidSmith.Afterall,thebestplaceforfoodisinourstomachs,notthetrash.12.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlined“beingpastitsshelflife”inParagraph2?ABeingpastits“sell-by”date. B.Beingfarfromenough.C.Beingpastthelengthofbeingeatable. D.Beingoutofdate.13.WhatdoweknowaboutTheRealJunkFoodProject?A.Itgetsfoodfromthewaste. B.Itwantstomakeafatprofit.C.Itdrewmassiveattentionlately. D.Itsmainaimistodocharities.14.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.SomecountriesinEuropeareactivelyhelpingpoorpeople.B.SomecountriesinEuropearetryingtoaddressfoodwaste.C.RelatedshopsinEuropearewillingtogiveawaytheirfood.D.AllthecountriesinEuropehavemadelawstohandlefoodwaste.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TurningTrashintoTreats B.BuyingLessandSmarterC.FoodTrashIndustry D.WarnagainstFoodWaste【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述全世界现在存在一种浪费现象：超市里有近三分之一的东西沦为垃圾，而实际上这些商品还是可以使用的。针对这种情况，欧美一些国家正在采取行动。【12题详解】词义猜测题。由划分部分所在句子“Andthemajorityofthisfood,despitebeingpastitsshelflife,isstillperfectlyfitforhumanconsumption.”可知，大部分这些食物仍然是非常适合人们消费的，尽管它们超过了它们的货架寿命。由此可见，这些食物只是超过了在货架上销售的时间，需要下架，但是它们仍然可以食用，“beingpastitsshelflife”表示的是超过了最佳售卖的日期。结合选项可知，选项A正确。【13题详解】推理判断题。由第三段的第二句“TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.”可知，在它成为英国第一个提供可能会变成废物的产品的“食物废品超市”之后，这个英国公司最近在英国成为头条。由此可见，这个英国公司的真的垃圾食物项目吸引了人们的注意力，成为了头条。结合选项可知，选项C正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。由第四段的第二句“Francerecentlypassedalawthatsaysallsupermarketsmustnowdonatealloftheirunsoldproducetocharities,whiletheItaliangovernmenthasalsoputsimilarmeasuresinplace.”可知，法国最近通过了一部法律，规定所有的超市现在必须将所有它们不售卖的食物捐赠给慈善机构，同时，意大利政府也适当地实施了相似的措施。由此可见，欧洲的一些国家正在努力解决食物浪费问题。结合选项可知，选项B正确。【15题详解】主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，第二段的第一句“IntheWest,mostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellit,orbyconsumerswhobuytoomuch.”表示的是在西方，大部分这种食物被不能再销售它的企业丢弃或者被购买太多的消费者丢弃。第三段的第二句“TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.”表达的是在它成为英国第一个提供可能会变成废物的产品的“食物废品超市”之后，这个英国公司最近在英国成为头条。第四段的第一句“SomeshopsacrossEuropearealsotakingaction.”表示的是全欧洲的一些商店也正在采取行动。最后一段的最后一句“Afterall,thebestplaceforfoodisinourstomachs,notthetrash.”表示的是毕竟，食物最佳的地方是在我们的胃里而不是垃圾。由此可见，整篇文章主要是针对被丢弃的食物的问题，介绍了几种将废物转变为好物的方法。结合选项可知，选项A正确。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LearningtoLoveLocally-GrownFoodsCookingshowsonTVareusuallyallaboutforeignfoods.Thankstoglobalization,peopleeverywhereareintroducingtheirtastebudstodishesfromeverycorneroftheworld.___16___Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.Forstarters,localfoodisoftentastierbecauseitisfresher.Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.___17___Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.Foodsafetyisanotherreasonwhypeoplearechoosinglocalproduce.Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.___18___Butwhenyouknowthelocalfarmerwhogrowsyourfood,thechancesofitbeingpollutedaregreatlyreduced.Buyinglocalfoodscanalsohaveabeneficialimpactontheenvironment.Buyinglocal,consumerscanmaintaingreenspaceandfarmlandintheircommunities.Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.___19______20___Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.Onceyouexperiencethefreshnessoflocalfoodsforyourself,itmightbetoughtogobacktothesupermarket.A.Intheend,it’sawin-winsituation.B.However,somedisagreewiththeidea.C.Toconclude,thefarmerscanmakemoremoney.D.Importedgoodsmustalsobepackagedinplasticorothercontainers.E.Thismakesitdifficulttodetectifanyharmfulchemicalshavebeenused.F.Atthesametime,otherpeoplearediscoveringfoodfromtheirareaisthebest.G.Ifyou’reinterestedinhavingmorelocalfoods,youcanevenattendafarmers’market.【答案】16.F17.D18.E19.A20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍购买本地食物也会对环境产生有益的影响，所以作者建议我们学会爱上当地种植的食物。【16题详解】根据后文“Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.(在过去的几年里，购买当地食品的人数一直在上升，因为它提供了很多好处)”可知，下文提到在过去的几年里购买当地食物的人数在上升，说明人们发现了当地食物的好处。故F选项“与此同时，其他人发现他们所在地区的食物是最好的”符合语境，故选F。【17题详解】根据上文“Forstarters,localfoodisoftentastierbecauseitisfresher.Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.(首先，当地的食物通常更新鲜，所以味道更好。进口货物必须从很远的地方空运或运来，所以在运输过程中它们自然会失去一些新鲜度)”以及后文“Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.(这些材料可能会导致这些货物的营养价值在运输过程中下降)”可知，后文提到了某种材料会导致货物的营养价值下降，可知本句是在说明是什么物质。故D选项“进口货物也必须用塑料或其他容器包装”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Foodsafetyisanotherreasonwhypeoplearechoosinglocalproduce.Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.(食品安全是人们选择当地农产品的另一个原因。今天关于食品的法律因国家而异)”可知，本句承接上文说明“关于食品的法律因国家而异”的结果：使得很难检测是否使用了任何有害化学物质，故E选项“这使得很难检测是否使用了任何有害化学物质”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据上文“Buyinglocalfoodscanalsohaveabeneficialimpactontheenvironment.Buyinglocal,consumerscanmaintaingreenspaceandfarmlandintheircommunities.Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.(购买当地食品也可以对环境产生有益的影响。在当地购买，消费者可以在他们的社区保持绿色空间和农田。此外，如果农民可以直接卖给消费者，他们将为他们的家庭赚更多的钱。额外的利润也使农民能够更好地保护他们的土壤，并保持高质量标准)”可知，本段主要介绍购买本地食物给本地消费者和农民都会带来好处。故A选项“最终，这是一个双赢的局面”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.Onceyouexperiencethefreshnessoflocalfoodsforyourself,itmightbetoughtogobacktothesupermarket.(这是一个开放的区域，农民在这里直接向公众出售水果、蔬菜和肉类。一旦你亲身体验了当地食物的新鲜，可能就很难再去超市了)”可知，本段主要是关于农贸市场的本地食物更加新鲜。故G选项“如果你对更多的当地食物感兴趣，你甚至可以去农贸市场”符合语境，故选G。第三部分

语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Observingisaprocessthatletsustakeastepclosertosomething.Whengivingthenaturalworldour

___21___,wecannotethepatterns(图案)inalandscapeoraleaf,or

___22___

seehowanimalsbehave.Humanbrainsarewiredinawaythatwhenwe

___23___

something,we’remorelikelytoloveit.Themoreyoulookatandunderstanddetailsinnature,thebetteryouwillknowand

___24___

theselittlepeculiarities(独特性).Youwillbeginto

___25___

them,andrecognizethem.Bylookingcloselyataspectsthatmightnotseem

___26___

atfirstlook,youmayfindnewappreciationforthem—thishappenedafewyearsagowhenI

___27___

thatbirdsweremorethanstrange-lookingcreatures,butactuallyintelligentandbeautifulcreatures.I’veneverbeenabigbird-watcher,

___28___

nowIam,andIlovelearningmoreaboutit.Ifyoufeelpassionate(热爱的)aboutsomething,youusuallywanttohelp

___29___

itwhenitisendangered.Thereareother

____30____

effectswhenobservingnature.Youusuallygrowcalmand

____31____

whenyouareinanaturalenvironment.Thishasactuallybeenverified(证实)instudies,althoughIbelievemostofusalreadyknowittobetrue.Naturecanbe

____32____

everywhere.Evenasingletreeoutsideyourwindowcanhavethis

____33____

onyou.Imaginewhatawalkthroughthewoodscando.Wonderingatthe

____34____

anddiversityofnaturecanhelptoquietnegativethoughtsaboutyourselforothersandbringamomentof

____35____.21.A.attention B.information C.advice D.trust22.A.strangely B.slowly C.directly D.hardly23A.describe B.understand C.experience D.remember24.A.like B.forget C.change D.share25.A.giveupon B.lookoutfor C.takeover D.useup26.A.interesting B.important C.different D.difficult27.A.wondered B.dreamed C.discovered D.promised28.A.unless B.if C.so D.but29.A.protect B.control C.miss D.choose30.A.undesirable B.similar C.dangerous D.positive31.A.rich B.old C.relaxed D.professional32.A.explained B.observed C.discussed D.accepted33.A.effect B.pressure C.point D.option34.A.end B.beauty C.future D.purpose35.A.boredom B.inspiration C.confusion D.peace【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.B26.A27.C28.D29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了观察自然能增进对自然的理解和欣赏，带来平静心情，并激发保护自然的愿望。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们关注自然界时，我们可以注意到风景或树叶中的图案，或者直接看到动物的行为。A.attention注意；B.information信息；C.advice建议；D.trust信任。根据上文“wecannotethepatterns(图案)inalandscapeoraleaf,or___2___seehowanimalsbehave.”以及常识可知，仔细观察自然界可以得到观察的细节，此处表示集中注意力在自然界上。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.strangely奇怪地；B.slowly缓慢地；C.directly直接地；D.hardly几乎不。根据上文“Whengivingthenaturalworldour___1___,”以及下文“seehowanimalsbehave”可知，观察自然界时，可以直接观察到动物的行为。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类的大脑是以这种方式连接的，当我们理解某事时，我们更有可能喜欢它。A.describe描述；B.understand理解；C.experience经历；D.remember记住。根据上文“Themoreyoulookatandunderstanddetailsinnature”可知，此处表示，理解某物更有可能会让人喜欢它。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你越是观察和理解自然界中的细节，你就越能了解并喜欢这些小的独特性。A.like喜欢；B.forget忘记；C.change改变；D.share分享。根据上文“Humanbrainsarewiredinawaythatwhenwe___3___something,we’remorelikelytoloveit.”可知，此处表示越理解某物，越可能喜欢这些小的独特性。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你会开始留意它们，并识别出它们。A.giveupon放弃；B.lookoutfor留意；C.takeover接管；D.useup用光。根据下文“andrecognizethem”以及语境可知，此处表示留意小的独特性。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过仔细观察那些在第一眼看起来可能不那么有趣的方面，你可能会对它们产生新的欣赏——这发生在几年前，当时我发现鸟类不仅仅是长相奇怪的生物，而实际上是聪明美丽的生物。A.interesting有趣的；B.important重要的；C.different不同的；D.difficult困难的。根据下文“atfirstlook,youmayfindnewappreciationforthem”可推知，此处表示第一眼看起来可能不那么有趣，但通过仔细观察，你可能会产生新的欣赏。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.wondered想知道；B.dreamed梦想；C.discovered发现；D.promised承诺。根据下文“thatbirdsweremorethanstrange-lookingcreatures,butactuallyintelligentandbeautifulcreatures.”可知，此处表示作者发现了鸟类的美丽与智慧。故选C。【28题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我从来不是一个大的观鸟爱好者，但现在我是，并且我喜欢了解更多关于鸟类的知识。A.unless除非；B.if如果；C.so所以；D.but但是。根据下文“nowIam,andIlovelearningmoreaboutit.”以及语境可知，此处表示现在的情况与之前进行对比，句子前后表示转折关系，应用连词but连接。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你对某样东西充满热情，你通常会想在它濒临灭绝时帮助保护它。A.protect保护；B.control控制；C.miss错过；D.choose选择。根据下文“whenitisendangered”可知，当它濒临灭绝时，你通常会想要保护它。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：观察自然还有其他积极的影响。A.undesirable不受欢迎的；B.similar类似的；C.dangerous危险的；D.positive积极的。根据下文“Youusuallygrowcalmand___11___whenyouareinanaturalenvironment.”可知，观察自然有积极的影响。故选D。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你在自然环境中时，你通常会变得平静和放松。A.rich富有的；B.old年老的；C.relaxed放松的；D.professional专业的。根据下文“Wonderingatthe___14___anddiversityofnaturecanhelptoquietnegativethoughtsaboutyourselforothersandbringamomentof___15___.”以及语境可知，处于自然环境中，你会变得平静和放松。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自然可以在任何地方被观察。A.explained解释；B.observed观察；C.discussed讨论；D.accepted接受。根据下文“Evenasingletreeoutsideyourwindowcanhavethis___13___onyou.”可推知，此处表示自然可以在任何地方被观察。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是窗外的一棵树也会对你产生这种影响。A.effect影响；B.pressure压力；C.point点；D.option选项。根据上文“Thereareother___10___effectswhenobservingnature.”以及下文“Imaginewhatawalkthroughthewoodscando.”可知，此处表示即使是窗外的一棵树也会对你产生积极的影响。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：惊叹于大自然的美丽和多样性可以帮助平息对自己或他人的负面想法，带来片刻的平静。A.end结束；B.beauty美丽；C.future未来；D.purpose目的。根据上文“Whengivingthenaturalworldour___1___,wecannotethepatterns(图案)inalandscapeoraleaf,or___2___seehowanimalsbehave.”可知，此处表示大自然的美丽。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.boredom无聊；B.inspiration灵感；C.confusion困惑；D.peace平静。根据上文“Youusuallygrowcalmand___11___whenyouareinanaturalenvironment.”以及“Wonderingatthe___14___anddiversityofnaturecanhelptoquietnegativethoughtsaboutyourselforothers”可知，此处表示大自然可以帮助平息负面想法，带来平静。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。36.SolargeisthePacificthatenergy________(generate)byitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofClimatechanges.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】generated【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：太平洋如此之大，其变暖所产生的能量足以引发一系列的气候变化。分析句子可知，从句中的主语energy与generate为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此要用过去分词作后置定语来修饰。故填generated。37.Theyhadnoalternativebut__________

(put)themeetingoff.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】toput【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们别无选择，只能将会议推迟。分析句子可知，此处符合短语havenoalternativebuttodosth.意为“没有其他选择只能……”，应用不定式，put搭配off意为“推迟，延迟”。故填toput。38._____(devote)tohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutanyotherthings.(用单词适当形式填空)【答案】Devoted【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为专注于研究工作，教授不关心其他事。bedevotedto(doing)sth“专注于”，做状语时相当于：becausehewasdevotedtohisresearchwork，故填Devoted。39.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________（set）upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】setting【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：里德先生决心把他的一切都奉献给为贫困儿童建立一些学校。分析句子结构可知，hehad作all的定语从句。所以该题考查devotesth.todoingsth.（把……贡献给……）结构。to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填setting。40.