常用100词根资料_第1页
常用100词根资料_第2页
常用100词根资料_第3页
常用100词根资料_第4页
常用100词根资料_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩59页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

常用100词根1.ag,act[L]=todo,todrive做,驱使词根ag来自拉丁动词agere的词干部分,意思相当于英语的todo(做)或todrive(驱使)。act是个英语核心单词,其实它的前身act是ag的同源异形词根,来自agere的动名词形式actum的词干部分,基本含义也是todo或todrive。下面先分析几个由ag构成的常见派生词。agent[ag=todo做;-entn.=person人→“personwhodoes办事者”→]n.personwhoworksforanotherpersonororganization代理人:asalesagent代售商▽agential[agent;-iala.]a.代理人的;起媒介作用的agency[ag=todo做;-encyn.=thequalityorstateof表性质或状态→“theabiliyorplaceofdoingbusiness办事的能力或场所”→]n.①powerorforcewhichcausesaresult力量;作用:humanagency人力②theofficeofanagent;serviceorganization代理处;机构:travelagency旅行社agenda[ag=todo做;-enda(-a表复数)n.=things事情→“thingstobedone要办的事项”→]n.listofthingstobediscussedordecidedupon议事日程:themostimportantitemontheagenda议事日程的首项agile[ag=todo做;-ilea.=able能……的→“abletodo能干的”→]a.abletodoormovequicklyoreasily敏捷的;灵活的:asagileasamonkey像猴子般灵活▽agility[agil(e);-ity]n.敏捷;灵活agitate[ag=todriveorkeepmoving驱使,使运动;-itate(-ate)v.=makeorcause使……→“causetokeepmovingsteadily引起不断的动荡”→]v.disturb鼓动:Theaudiencewereagitatedbyhisspeech听众被他的演说所鼓动。▽agitation[agitat(e);-ionn.]n.鼓动;激动不安agitator[agitat(e);-orn.]n.鼓动者以下介绍的是几个常用act的同根词。act[act=todo做→“todowhatisrequired做要求的事”→]v.①dosomething行动:toactatonce立刻行动②function起作用:Thebrakeswouldn'tact.刹车失灵。③takepartinaplayorfilm扮演:WhoisactingHamlet?谁演哈姆雷特?▽actor[act;-orn.]n.男演员;行动者练习1:1.[词根辩识]A.判断下列单词中,哪些含有词根ag,act:①age②aggression③agitational④agaze⑤tractor⑥factory⑦actuary⑧coactionB.判断下列派生词中act是词根还是单词:①react②re-act③ex-actor④exactor⑤underact⑥overact⑦coact⑧enact2.[举一反三]根据例子写出后面单词的中文意思。A.例:agitatev.鼓动→agitatorn.鼓动者①actv.行动,行为→actorn.②exactv.强索,强征(捐税等)→exactorn.③activatev.[化]使活化→activatorn.B.activea.积极的→activelyad.积极地①interactivea.相互作用的→interactivelyad.②reactivea.反动的→reactivelyad.③counteractivea.抵制的→counteractivelyad.3.[望文生义]根据已知单词的含义求出其同根词的含义。①已知:coactv.共同行动,合力工作(提示:co-=together)求:coactionn.coactivea.②已知:counteractv.抵抗,抵制;抵消(提示:counter-=against)求:counteractionn.counteractivea.③已知:retroactv.倒行;追溯既往(提示:retro-=backward)求:retroactivea.retroactionn.4.[同义相连]请将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。A.含ag的名词派生词①coagenta.反作用剂;反抗力②subagentb.共事者;合作者③reagentc.副代理人④counteragentd.反应力;反应物⑤subagencye.分代理处B.含act的名词派生词①activablea.不活动的;不活跃的②exactableb.[化]能被活化的③inactivec.可强取的;可强求而得的④reactionaryd.倒行的;有追溯效力的⑤retroactivee.反动的5.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①coagencyn.合作②agitpropv.宣传鼓动(提示:prop=propoganda宣传)③coagulatev.(使)凝结;(使)合为一体④actuaryn.(保险)精算师⑤enactv.制定(法律);通过(法案);颁布⑥underactv.表演(角色)不够充分2.am,amat[L]=tolove爱常用词amiable和amateur分别来自同源异形根am和amat。am是拉丁动词amare的不定式词干;amat是这个动词的动名词词干,意思都相当于tolove(爱)。amiable[am=tolove爱;-i-;-ablea.=capableof可……的→“capableofbeingloved可爱的”→]a.lovable,orkindly可爱的;和蔼的:anamiableoldlady可亲的老太太amateur[amat=tolove;-eur(-er)n.=person人→“persaonwhodoessomethingforlovingit(ratherthanformoney)因爱好(不是为金钱)从事某项活动者”→]n.personwhopracticesanart,sportorscienceforhisownpleasure(艺术、体育、科学等)业余爱好者:radioamateur业余无线电爱好者▽amateurism[amateur;-ismn.]n.业余活动amateurish[amateurn.业余爱好者;-isha.=like像…的→“likeanamateur(ratherthanaprofessionalhand)像业余的,不内行的”→]a.unskillful不老练的,外行的:Heisstillamateurishinplayinggolf.他打高尔夫球还不老练。▽amateurishness[amateurish;-nessn.]n.外行amicable[amic(来自am的同根名词amicus)=persononeloves,orfriend亲爱者,朋友;-ablea.=abletobe能当……的→“abletobeone'sfriend能做朋友的”→]a.inafriendlyspirit,orpeaceable友好的;和睦的:amicablesettlement和解▽amicability[amicab(le);-ilityn.]n.友好;和睦amour[am=tolove爱;-ourn.=thestateorresult表状态或结果→“lovingortheresultofloving恋爱或恋爱的结果)”→]n.①love恋爱②loveaffair桃色事件,偷情▽amorous[amo(u)r;-ousa.]a.恋爱的;多情的enamour[en-v.=tocausetobe使;amourn.=love恋爱→“tocausetobeinlove使恋爱”→]v.inflamewithlove使迷恋:Herbeautyenam-ouredtheprince.王子被她的美貌迷住了。amatory[amat=tolove爱;-orya.=relatedto与……有关的→]a.relatedtoloving;expressinglove恋爱的;爱慕的:amatorypoems情诗练习2:1.[由此及彼]通过分析已知单词的词素含义推断出另一单词的词义。①unhappya.不幸的→unamiablea.②artistn.艺术家→amoristn.2.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①amityn.和好;和睦②enemyn.敌人(提示:en-表示相反;em是am的变体)③inamoratan.[意]女情人,情妇④inamoraton.[意]男情人3.anim[L]=life生命anim是常用词animal的词根,源于拉丁名词anima,含有mind(思想),spirit(精神),soul(灵魂),life(生存)等与生命现象有关的概念,可以看成英语基本词life(生命)的对等词。animal[anim=life生命;-aln.=thingcharacterizedby有……特征的东西→“thingcharacterizedbyhavinglife有生命的东西”→]n.①anycreature动物:Isitananimal,vegetable,ormineral?它是动物,植物,还是矿物?②anycreatureotherthanman除人以外的任何动物:theanimalsinthezoo动物园里的动物▽animalism[animal;-ismn.]n.动物性;兽欲animalize[animal;-izev.]v.使动物化animate[anim=life生命;-atea.=having有……的→“havinglifeorspirits有生命的,有精神的”→]Ⅰa.①living有生命的:animateobjects生物②fulloflifeorspirits生气勃勃的:animateyouth朝气蓬勃的年青人→Ⅱv.givelifeto,ormakealive使活跃:Hisjokesan-imatedtheconversation.他的笑话使交谈活跃起来。▽animation[animat(e)v;-ionn.]n.活跃;生气reanimate[re-;animatev.]v.使复活;激励animosity[anim=life,spirit生命,精神;-osity(-ous+-ity)n.=specialstateorquality表特殊状态或性质→“specialspirit特殊的精神”→“strongfeeling强烈的感情”→]n.strongdislike;hatred敌意;仇恨:animositiesbetweenclasses阶级仇恨magnanimity[magn=great大;anim=spirit精神;-ityn.=thequality表性质→“thegreatnessofspiritormind精神上的大度”→]n.thespiritofbeingunusuallygenerous,orgenerosity宽宏大量:Heshowedhismagnanimityinforgivingyou.他原谅了你,可见其宽宏大量。▽magnanimous[magn;anim;-ousa.]a.宽宏大量的equanimity[equ=even平衡的;anim=spirit精神;-ityn.=thequality表性质→“thespiritwithanevenquality平稳的精神品质”→]n.calmnessorsteadinessofmind沉着;镇定:Hefacedthedisasterwithequanimity.面对灾难,他泰然若定。▽equanimous[equ;anim;-ousa.]a.沉着的;镇定的longanimity[long(来自形容词longus)=long长久的;anim=spirit精神;-ityn.=thequality表性质→“thespiritwiththequalityofenduringlong能长久忍耐的精神素质”→]n.endurance;forbearance忍耐性;坚韧性:Heisremarkableforhislonganimityinstruggle.他在斗争中以坚韧著称。▽longanimous[long;anim;-ousa.]a.坚韧的;忍耐的unanimous[un=one一;anim=spirit,mind精神,思想;-ousa.=having有……的→]a.havingonemindorsharingthesameview思想一致的;观点统一的:Theconferencewasunanimousinsupportofthedecision.会议一致拥护这项决议。▽unanimity[un;anim;-ityn.]n.全体一致;无异议练习3:1.[同义相连]请将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。①animalizationa.动物性②animatorb.无异议地③animalityc.动物化④unanimouslyd.动物性的⑤animalistice.鼓舞者⑥animatedf.栩栩如生的2.[望文生义]根据已知词根和词缀的含义求出下列单词的含义。已知:in-=not;-cule=smallthing;re-=again求:①inanimate②animalcule③reanimate3.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①animismn.泛灵论;万物有灵论②animusn.主导精神;意向③exanimatea.无生命的;无精神的exanimationn.死;意志消沉(提示:ex-=out)④animadvertv.谴责,批评animadversionn.谴责,批评(提示:vert/vers=toturn)⑤pusillanimityn.卑怯,胆小pusillanimousa.卑怯的,胆小的(提示:pusill=weak)4.ann,enn[L]=year年ann来自拉丁名词annus,意思为year(年);enn是ann在添加前缀时产生的音变异体。ann在构词中常带有连接字母-u-或-i-,也可以把annu和anni作为词根异体看待。annual[annu=year年;-ala.=of……的→]Ia.ofoneyear;yearly一年的;每年的:annualreport年度报告→Ⅱn.bookorpamphletissuedonceayear年鉴;年刊:theannualsoftheHistoricalSociety历史协会的年鉴anniversary[anni=year年;vers=toturn转;-aryn.=thing物→“thedateconnectedwiththeturningofayear与时间周转一年相关的日子”→]n.thedateofayearonwhichsomethinghappened周年纪念日:the400thanniversaryofShakespeare'sbirth莎士比亚诞生四百周年纪念日annals[ann=year年;-aln.=thing物;-s表复数→“manythingsofayear一年中的事情”→]n.yearlyrecords;historicalrecords编年史;历史记载:thewarannalsoftheRedArmy红军战史▽annalist[annal(s);-istn.]n.编年史作者perennial[per-=through通;enni=year年;-ala.→“throughayear通年的”→]a.①lastingthroughtheyear常年不断的:perennialsnowandice终年不化的冰雪②overlasting长久的:perennialefforts持久努力▽perenniality[perennial;-ityn.]n.常年性;长久性annuity[annu=year年;-ityn.=thingconnectedwith表相关事物→“moneyconnectedwithoneyear按一年计算的钱”→]n.yearlyallowanceorincome年金;年收入:lifeannuity终身年金▽annuitant[annuit(y);-antn.]n.领受年金者superannuate[super-=over超;annu=year年→age年龄;-atev.=tocausetobe使成为→“tocausetobeover-aged使成为超龄者”→]v.maketoretirewhenoneisoveracertainage因超过年龄而令退休:Hewassuperannuatedassoonashereachedtheageofsixty.他刚满六十岁,就被指令退休了。annu和enni还能与表示数目的前缀构成表示以“年”为单位的时间的单词。以下是常见的几个。semiannual[semi-=half半;annu=year年;-ala.=of……的→]a.ofahalfyear半年一度的:semiannualmeeting半年一度的会议biannual[bi-=two,twice二,两次;annu=year年;-ala.=of……的→a.oftwiceayear每年两度的:biannualexamination每年两次的考试biennial[bi-=two二;enni=year年;-ala.=of……的→“oftwoyears二年的”→]a.lastingtwoyears持续两年的:abiennialresearchcourse两年的研究课程biennium[bi-=two二;enni=year年;-umn.=thing物→“thetimeoftwoyears两年的时间”→]n.periodoftwoyears两年练习4:1.[词根辨识]比较biannual和biennial表示的不同时间概念。分析其词形的不同点。2.[望文生义]根据已知词根和词缀的含义求出所给单词的含义。已知:tri-=three;quadr-=four;quinqu-=five;sex-=six;sept-=seven;oct-=eight;dec-=ten;cent-=hundred;mille-=thousand.求:①millennial⑥centennium②sexennial⑦septennium③deceenial⑧quinquennium④bicentennial⑨octennium⑤quadrennial⑩trimillennium5.anthrop[GK]=man人类anthrop是本书介绍的第一个来自希腊语的词根,它的词源是希腊名词anthropos,意思为man或humankind(人类)。在构词中,anthrop后面常跟着连接字母-o-,也可以把anthropo看作异形词根。anthropology[anthropo=man人类;-logyn.=branchofscience一门科学→“thescienceaboutman研究人类的科学”→]n.thesciencedealingwiththephysical,social,andculturaldevelopmentofman人类学▽anthropologist[anthropolog(y);-istn.]n.人类学者philanthropist[phil=tolove爱;anthrop=man人类;-istn.=person人→“personwholovesman爱人类者”→]n.personwholoveshisfellowmen,especially,whoisengagedinhelpingthepoormen博爱主义者;慈善家▽philanthropy[phil;anthrop;-yn.]n.慈善;仁爱philanthropic[phil;anthrop;-ica.]a.博爱的misanthropist[mis=tohate恨;anthrop=man人类;-istn.=person人→“personwhohateshisfellowmen厌恶人类者”→]n.personwhohateseverybodyandavoidsbeinginthecompanyofothers离群索居者;愤世嫉俗者:Amisanthropistcanneverbecomeaphilanthropist.愤世嫉俗者是成不了慈善家的。▽misanthropy[mis;anthrop;-yn.]n.厌世misanthropic[mis;anthrop;-ica.]a.厌世的;厌世者的anthropoid[anthrop=man人类;-oida.=like像……→]a.likeaman;intheformofaman类人的;有人形的:anthropoidape类人猿anthropography[anthropo=man人类;-graphyn.=thestudy……学→“thestudyaboutman有关人类情况的学说”→]n.thestudyofthegeographicaldistributionofhumanraces人种地理分布学anthropogenesis[anthropo=man人类;genesis=theorigin起源→]n.thestudyofman'soriginanddevelopment人类起源和发展学anthropotomy[anthropo=man人类;tomy=anatomy解剖学→]n.humananatomy人体解剖学练习5:1.[望文生义]根据所学的词根和词缀的知识写出下列单词的词义。①anthropogeographyn.②anthroposociologyn.2.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①anthropomorphousa.有人形的;似人的anthropomorphizev.(把动物等)拟作人(提示:morph=shape)②anthropophagyn.食人肉的习性anthrophagousa.食人肉的(提示:phag=toeat)③anthropometryn.人体测量学(提示:metr=tomeasure)④anthropocentrica.以人类为宇宙中心的(提示:centr=center)⑤zoanthropyn.[医]变兽幻想(提示:zo=animal)6.arch[GK]=rule统治在政治术语anarchy,monarch,monarchy和oligarch中,有个常用词根arch。它来自希腊名词arkhos,意为rule(统治)。在派生词中arch常作ruler(统治者)或government(政体)解。anarchy[an-(a-)=no,without无;arch=rule治理;-yn.=thestate表状态→“thestatewithoutruleorgovernment缺乏治理,没有政府”→]n.absenceofgovernmentorcontrol无秩序;无政府状态:Anyformofgovernmentisbetterthananarchy.任何形式的政体都比无政府状态好。▽anarchic[anarch(y);-ica.]a.无政府主义的anarchism[anarch(y);-isma.]n.无政府主义anarchist[anarch(y);-istn.]n.无政府主义者monarch[mon=one,alone单一;arch=ruler统治者→“onlyoneruler,oronewhorulesacountryalone单独治理国家者”→]n.kingofsovereign国王,君主:Themonarchwasousted.国王被赶下台了。▽monarchal[monarch;-ala.]a.国王的,君主的monarchy[mon-=one,alone单一;arch=ruler统治者;-yn.=thestate表状态→“thestateorgovernmentofonlyoneruler单人统治的政体”→]n.governmentruledbyamonarch君主政体;君主国:Chinawasonceamonarchy.中国曾经是个君主国。▽monarchic[monarch(y);-ica.]a.君主制的;君主国的monarchism[monarch(y);-ismn.]n.君主制度;君主主义oligarch[olig-=few少,寡;arch=ruler统治者→“oneofafewrulers少数统治者之一”→]n.memberofanoligarchy寡头统治成员:finan-cialoligarch金融寡头oligarchy[olig-=few少,寡;arch=ruler统治者;-yn.=thestate表状态→“thestateorgovernmentbyafewrulers由少数人统治的政府”→]n.ruleorgovernmentbyafew,oftenfortheirowninterests寡头政治;寡头统治的政府:AncientSpartawasreallyanoligarchy.古斯巴达实际上是个寡头统治的国家。▽oligarchic[oligarch(y);-ica.]a.寡头政治的polyarchy[poly-=many多;arch=ruler统治者;-yn.=thestate表状态→“thestateorgovernmentbymanyrulers多人的统治”→]n.ruleorgovernmentbymanyheads多头政治matriarch[matri=mother母;arch=ruler统治者→“arulerwhoisamother母权统治者”→]n.womanwhorulesalargefamilyortribe女家长;女族长:Thistribeisstillledbymatriarchs.该部落依然以女族长为首。▽matriarchal[matriarch;-ala.]a.女家长的;女族长的matriarchy[matri=mother母;arch=rule统治;-yn.=thestate表状态→“thestateofrulebymothers母权统治”→]n.socialgrouporsystemruledonlybywomen母权制;母系氏族制:Manyancientsocietieswerematriarchies.许多远古社会是母权制社会。archives[arch=ruler统治者;-iven.=thing物;-s表复数→“documentsbelongingtorulers属于统治者的文件”→]n.①publicrecords档案②placeinwhichpublicrecordsarestored档案室(馆):thecentralarchivesofthestate国家档案馆▽archivist[archiv(es);-istn.]n.档案保管员archival[archiv(es);-ala.]a.关于档案的;在档案中的arch还可以当前缀使用。arch-意思是chief(主要的)。archenemy[arch-=chief主要的;enemyn.敌人→]n.chiefenemy首敌;大敌architect[arch-=thief首要的;-i-;tect=builder建筑者→“chiefbuilder建筑者的首领”→]n.designerofbuildings建筑设计师▽architecture[architect;-uren.]n.建筑学architectonic[architect;-onic(-ic)a.]a.关于建筑的练习6:1.[望文生义]根据已知词根的含义求出下列单词的含义。已知:词根patri=father求:patriarchpatriarchy2.[由此及彼]根据前面单词的含义推出后面单词的含义。①trineniala.三年一度的→triarchyn.②bishopn.主教→archbishopn.③priestn.祭司→archpriestn.3.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①archonn.古雅典之执政者;统治者②plutarchyn.富豪统治;富人政府(提示:plut=wealth)③diarchyn.两头政治(提示:di-=two)④archangeln.天使长;大天使⑤hierarchn.教主,主教⑥arch-criminaln.罪魁祸首⑦archfiendn.大恶魔⑧archipelagon.群岛(提示:pelago=sea)⑨architraven.[建]柱顶过梁;门的头线条板(提示:trave=beam)7.aud,audit[L]=tohear听在常用词audience和auditorium中,有一对同源异形词根aud和audit,其词源拉丁动词audire的意思是tohear(听)。aud是不定式词干,audit是动名词词干。audience[aud=tohear听;-i-;-encen.=theactorstate表行为或状态→“theactorstateofhearing听的行为或状态”→]n.①intervieworcon-ference会见;接见:Theforeignguestshadanaudiencewiththemay-or.外宾拜会了市长。②thepeopleassembledtohear听众:Therewillbealargeaudiencetoday.今天会有很多听众来。auditorium[audit=tohear听;-oriumn.=place场所→“placeforhearing听的场所”→]n.①buildingorroomforpublicmeetings礼堂;演讲厅②thespaceallocatedtothehearers听众席:Theauthorwasfoundsittingintheauditorium.有人发现作者正坐在听众席中。audible[aud=tohear听;-iblea.=capableofbeing能被……的→]a.capableofbeingheard听得见的:Theirwhispersarehardlyaudible.他们窃窃私语,别人听不见。▽inaudible[in-;audiblea.]a.听不见的audit[audit=tohear听→“tohearalectureorareport听课;听取汇报”→]v.①attendclassinauniversitywithoutintendingtoreceiveagrade(在大学)旁听:toauditahistorycourseatcollege旁听大学历史课程②examine(financialaccounts)审查(账目):Theyearlyaccountswillbeauditedbyaspecialcommittee.年度账目将由特别委员会审查。▽auditor[audit;-orn.]n.(大学)旁听生;查账员audition[audit=tohear听;-ionn.=theact表行为→]n.①hearing听②trialhearing(toanactororsinger)(对演员等)试听:togiveanauditiontoasinger听歌手试唱决定是否录用audile[aud=tohear听;-ilea.=pertainingto……的→]a.pertaining(关于,有关)tohearingorthesenseofhearing听的;听觉的:audilepower听的功能auditory[audit=tohear听;-orya.=relatingto与……有关的→]a.relatingtothesenseofhearing听觉的:auditorynerves听觉神经audiology[audi=tohear听;-o-;-logyn.=branchofscience一门科学→]n.thesciencedealingwiththesenseofhearing听觉学▽audiologist[audiolog(y);-istn.]n.听觉学学者audio[形容词性的合词成分:aud=tohear听;-io→“ofhearing与听有关的”→]Ia.pertainingtosoundorsoundwaves声音的;声波的:audiofrequency音频→Ⅱn.broadcastorrecordedsound播音;录音:Mytelevisionsethasagoodpicturebyweakaudio.我的电视机图像清晰,但是收音不好。练习7:1.[同义相连]根据audio的相关知识把下列英汉对等词连接起来。①audiometera.测听术②audio-visualb.音频③audiophilec.听力计④audiometryd.音响效果爱好者(发烧友)⑤audio-frequenye.视听教学的2.[由此及彼]①earphone是耳机,telephone是电话,audiphone是什么?②typist是打字员,被称为audiotypist的人,打字技术如何?3.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①auditressn.女审计员②auditoriala.审计的;审计员的③subauditionn.领会到的言外之义(提示:sub-=under)④audionn.三极真空管8.aug,auct,auth[L]=toincrease增加读者可能想不到August(八月),auction(拍卖)和author(作者)居然是同根词吧!它们分别来自拉丁动词aguere、它的过去分词auctus及其变体auth,其基本意思都是toincrease(增加)或tocausetogrow(使产生,使增大)。august[aug=toincrease使增大;-usta.=themost最→“toincreasetothemost增到最大”→“thegreatest最伟大的”→]Ⅰa.majestic威严的:augustpalaces威严的王宫→Ⅱ(大写August)n.①奥古斯特(即古罗马Augustus凯撒大帝,他自认为是最伟大的帝王)②八月(奥古斯特大帝以自己的名字命名八月份)augment[aug=toincrease增加;-mentv.→]v.①makegreaterorenlarge增加,扩大:toaugmentthepower扩大权力②becomegreater增加,增大:Thesoundoftrafficaugmentsduringtherushhour.高峰时间交通噪音会增大。▽augmentative[augment;-ativea.]a.有扩大(增加)作用的auction[auct=tocausetogrow使增加;-ionn.=theact表行为→“theactofcausingthepricetogrow使价格上升的行为”→]Ⅰn.saleinwhichgoodsaresoldtothepersonofferingthemostmoney拍卖:toselltheoldfurniturebyauction拍卖旧家具→Ⅱv.sellbyauction拍卖:Whentheartistdied,hisfamilyauctionedhispaintings.艺术家去世后,家人把他的画拍卖了。▽auctioneer[auctionv.-eern.]n.拍卖商author[auth(auct)=tocausetogrow使成长;-orn.=person人→“personwhocausesanythingtogrow使事物产生者”→]n.①personwhobeginsorcreates发起人,创始者:theauthorofthenewplan新计划的倡议者②writer著作者,作家:HisfavoriteauthorisDickens.他最喜欢的作家是狄更斯。▽authorless[author;-lessa.]a.作者不明的;隐名的auctorial[auctor=author作者;-i-;-ala.=of……的→]a.oforhavingtodowithanauthor作者的:auctorialcomments作者说明authority[authorn.创始者;-ityn.=thequality表特性→“thequalityofanauthor创始者的特性”→]n.①thepowerorrighttocontrolormakedecisions权力,权威:RulershavenoauthorityfromGodtodomischief.上帝并没有给统治者制造祸害的权力。②person(s)havingauthority当权者:higherauthority上级领导authorize[authorn.创始者(→power权力);-izev.=tocausetohave使有→“tocausetohavepower使有权力”→]v.givepowerto授权:Thepresidentauthorizedhisambassadortosignthetreaty.总统授权大使签订该条约。▽authorization[authoriz(e);-ationn.]n.授权,委托练习8:1.[由此及彼]根据前面单词的含义推测出后面单词的含义。①authoriala.作者的→authoriallyad.②authorizev.授权→authorizeda.2.[同义相连]请将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。①augmentationa.拍卖业②auctioneeringb.官方,当局③authorshipc.作家职业,著述④authoritiesd.权力主义⑤authoritarianisme.扩大,增加3.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①authoritariana.权力主义的,专利的②authoritativea.权威的;官方的③antiauthoritariana.反权力主义的antiauthoritya.反权威的,反官方的(提示:anti-=against)9.bi,bio[GK]=life生命,生物biology(生物学)中的bi是个希腊词根,它来自希腊名词bios,意思为life(生命,生物)。在构词中,bi常通过连接字母-o-与其他词素结合,所以,也可以把bio看作bi的异体。biology[bio=life生命,生物;-logyn.=branchofscience一门科学→]n.thescienceoflifeinall生物学:Zoologyandbotanyaremaindivisionsofbiology.动物学和植物学是生物学的两门主要分科。▽biologist[biolog(y);-istn.]n.生物学者biological[biolog(y);-icala.]a.生物学的biography[bio=life生命;-graphyn.=writing著作→“writingaboutone'slife关于一个人生平的著作”→]n.writtenaccountaboutaperson'slife传记:abiographyofDarwin达尔文传记▽biographer[biograph(y);-ern.]n.传记作者biographical[biograph(y);-icala.]a.传记的;传记体的biographize[biograph(y);-izev.]v.为……作传记biocide[bio=life生物→livingbeings虫;-ciden.=thatwhichkills杀……物→]n.substancewhichkillsharmfullivingbeings杀虫剂antibiotic[anti-=against抗;bi=life生命,生物;-otica.=havingthequality有……性能的→“againstthegrowingofacertainlife能抵制某种生物生长的”→]a.opposingthelivingofdiseasecarryingbacteri-a抗病菌的;抗生的:antibioticsubstance抗生素microbial[micro-=tiny微小的;bi=life生物;-ala.=of……的→“ofatinylife微小生物的”→]a.ofmicroscopicorganisms微生物的:themicrobialenemyofman人类的微生物敌人bio也可以作为术语前缀,与其他充当术语的单词结合,构成新的术语。bio-的意思为“生物”或“生物的”。biochemistry[bio-=life生物;chemistry化学n.→]n.thebranchofchem-istryrelatingtolifeorlivingorganisms生物化学▽biochemist[bio-;chem.;-istn.]n.生物化学家biophysics[bio-=life生物;physicsn.物理学→]n.thebranchofphysicsrelatingtolifeorlivingorganisms生物物理学▽biophysicist[biophysic(s);-istn.]n.生物物理学家练习9:1.[由此及彼]根据词根含义推测同根词的含义。microbiala.微生物的→①microbiologyn.→②microbiologistn.2.[望文生义]根据词根和词缀知识写出下列单词的含义。①microben.(提示:be是bi的异体)②microbiana.(提示:-an=of)3.[同义相连]将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的中文含义连接起来。①biocleana.生物地理学②bioclimatolgyb.无菌的③bioelectricityc.生物气候学④biogeographyd.生物工艺学⑤biospheree.生物电流⑥biotechniquef.生物圈4.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①amphibiann.两栖动物(或植物)amphibiousa.两栖的(提示:amphi-=both)②macrobiann.长寿的人;macrobioticsn.长寿法(提示:macro-=great)③biotica.生物的;生命的④biogenesisn.生源说⑤biometricsn.生物统计学biometriciann.生物统计学家⑥bionomyn.生理学;生态学bionomicsn.(个体)生态学(提示:nom=law)⑦epibioticn.体外生的(提示:epi-=upon,out)⑧bioplasmn.原生质10.cad,cas,cid[L]=tofall,tobefall降,降临cad,cas,cid是同源异形词根,都源于拉丁动词cadere,意思相当于tofall(降落)或tobefall(降临)。其中,cad是不定式词干,cas是动名词词干,而cid是cadere的异体cidere的不定式词干。这族同根词的数量较大。decadent[de-=down下;cad=tofall降;-enta.=-ing表性质→“fallingdown下降的”]a.fallingdownmorally;fallingintoruin堕落的;颓败的:TheChingEmpirehadbecomedecadentbythattime.当时清帝国已经腐败了。▽decadence[de-;cad;-encen.]n.衰落;颓废case[cas=tobefall降临;-e→“thatwhichbefalls降临之事”→]n.event;condition事件;情况:atypicalcase典型事件casual[cas=tobefall降临;-u-;-ala.=havingthequality有……性质的→“havingthequalityofbefalling,orhappeningbychance带有偶发性质的”→]a.①notplanned偶然的:acasualmeeting巧遇②infor-mal非正式的:casualclothing便服▽casualty[casual;-tyn.]n.事故的伤亡者occasion[oc-(ob-)=inthewayof在……面前;cas=tobefall降临;-ionn.=thestateorresult表状态或结果→“thatwhichbefallsinone'sway降临在面前的事”→]n.①instanceorcase情况②favorabletime,oropportunity时机;机会:asoccasionserves一旦有适当的机会▽occasional[occasion;-ala.]a.偶尔的accident[ac-(ad-)=towards朝向;cid=tobefall降临;-entn.=thing事→“thingthatbefallstowardsaperson朝着某人降临的事”→]n.①unexpectedevent意外的事;偶然的事:Imetherquitebyaccident.我碰到她是很偶然的事。②unfortunatehappening事故:trafficacci-dents交通事故▽accidental[accident;-ala.]a.意外的;偶然的incident[in-=on,upon在……上;cid=tobefall发生;-entn.=thing事→“thingthatbefallsonaparticularpersonorhappensataparticulartime发生在某人身上或某个时刻的事”→]n.event,oroccurence事件;事变:theJuly7thIncident七七事变▽incidental[incident;-ala.]a.偶然的;伴随的incidence[in-;cid;-encen.]n.发生;发生率coincide[co-(com-)=together共同;in-=upon在……之上;cid=tobefall降临→“tobefallupontogether共同降临在……之上”]v.①happenatthesametimeorsameplace(时间、空间)恰好相合:Mybirthdaycoincideswithyours.我恰好和你同一天生日。②agree;correspond一致;符合:tocoincideinopinion意见相符▽coincident[coincid(e);-enta.]a.同时发生的;一致的deciduous[de-=off脱离;cid=tofall降;-u-;-ousa.=havingthequality有……性质的→]a.havingthequalityoffallingoffatacertaintime定期脱落的:deciduoustrees落叶林occident[oc-(ob-)=down下;cid=tofall降落;-entn.=thingconnectedwith表相关事物→“thedirectiontowardswhichtheheavenlybodiesweresupposedtofalldown前人认为的天体降落的方向”→]n.①thewest西方②thewesternhemisphere西半球:theOccident亚洲以西的全部国家;欧洲;欧美▽occidental[occident;-ala.]a.西方的decay[de-=down下;cay(cad的变形)=tofall降→]v.falldownfromastateofhealthandexcellence;rot衰退;腐朽:Theoldman'steetharealldecayed.这老人的牙齿全坏了。练习10:1.[同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。①occasionalitya.使西化②coincidenceb.偶然性③occidentalizec.巧合④cadencedd.声调抑扬的⑤indeciduouse.常绿的2.[由此及彼]已知:在occident(西方)这个单词中,词根cid=tofall.求:反义词orient(东方)的词根ori的含义是__________。3.[寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。①cascaden.瀑布②cadencen.声调的抑扬;节奏③casuistn.诡辩家④accidencen.[语]词态变化;词法11.cap,capt,cept,ceive[L]=totake取这是一组形态变化比较复杂,孳生能力又很强的词根。cap来自拉丁动词capere,意为totake(取),capt,cept来自它的过去分词。由于该族同根词多由法语引入英语,因此又多了一个带法语痕迹的变体ceive。先介绍几个由cap,capt构成的派生词。capable[cap=totake取;-ablea.=able能……的→“abletotake能取到的”→]a.able;talented有能力的;有才能的:capableteachers能干的教师▽capability[capab(le);-ilityn.]n.能力,才能,技能capacious[cap=totakeorhold取,抓;-acious(-ac+-ious)a.=havingthenature有……性能的→“havingthenatureofholding能容纳的”→]a.abletoholdmuch容量大的:capaciousstage宽敞的戏台▽capacity[cap;-ac;-ityn.]n.容量,容积;可容性,可能性capture[capt=totake取;-uren.=theresult表结果→“theresultofbeingtakenorcatched被夺取的结果”→]Ⅰn.personorthingseized俘虏,捕获物:Thelionbecametheircapture.那只狮子成为他们的猎物。→Ⅱv.takeasaprizebyforce捕获:tocapturebutterflieswithanet用网捕捉蝴蝶▽capturer[captur(e);-ern.]n.捕获者capturable[captur(e);-ablea.]a.可捕获的captive[capt=totake取;-ivea.=being...被……的→“beingtaken被抓的”→]Ⅰa.takenormadeaprisoner被俘虏的:captivebirds笼中之鸟→Ⅱn.apersonoranimalcaptured俘虏;猎获物:Thecaptivesweresoldasslaves.俘虏被贩卖为奴。▽captivity[captiv(e)a.;-ityn.]n.囚虏;监禁(期);羁绊captivate[captiv(e)a.;-atev.]v.[古]捕获;迷惑,蛊惑ceive用来构成动词,其对应的名词和形容词多由cept构成。receive[re-=back回;ceive=totake取→“totakeback取回”→]v.①getoraccept收到,收受:Itismoreblessedtogivethantoreceive.施惠比收受更好。②allowtoenter容纳,接待:toreceivetheguestswarmly热情接待客人▽receiver[receiv(e);-ern.]n.收受者;听筒;接收机reception[re-;cept;-ionn.]n.接待;欢迎;接受,容纳receptive[re-;cept;-ivea.]a.能容纳的;可接受的deceive[de-=away离;ceive=totake取→“totakesomebodyawayfromwhatistrue带某人离开真相”→]v.causetobelievewhatisfalse欺骗,蒙蔽:Deceiveboyswithtoys,butmenwithoaths.用玩具骗小孩,用誓言骗大人。▽deceiver[deceiv(e);-ern.]n.欺骗者,骗子deception[de-;cept;-ionn.]n.欺骗,蒙蔽;骗人的东西deceptive[de-;cept;-ivea.]a.骗人的;容易使人上当的conceive[con-=in入;ceive=totake取→“totakein取进,吸收”→]v.①becomepregnant怀(胎):toconceiveachild怀孕②forminthemind构想,设想:Ican'tconceivewhyyousaidso.我想不出你为什么这样说。▽conceivable[conceiv(e);-ablea.]a.可想到的,可想象的conception[con-;cept;-ionn.]n.概念;构想,设想;怀孕conceptive[con-;cept;-ivea.]a.有构想力的;构想的conceptual[con-;cept;-uala.]a.概念的;概念艺术的perceive[per-=thoroughly完全;ceive=totakeorgrasp握→“tograspthoroughly完全掌握”→]v.graspthroughthesenses感觉,察觉:Sheperceivedafaintaroma.她闻出一种淡淡的香味。▽perceivable[perceiv(e);-ablea.]a.可感知的;有洞察力的perception[per-;cept;-ionn.]n.感知,感觉;察觉perceptive[per-;cept;-ivea.]a.感知的;有洞察力的perceptual[per-;cept;-uala.]a.感知的;[心]知觉的perceptible[per-;cept;-ibea.]a.可感知的;可察觉的以下几组同根词均由cept构成,请注意其构词规律。except[ex-=out出;cept=totake取→“totakeout取出,排除”→]Ⅰv.leaveoutorexclude把……除外:Shewasexceptedfromtheshortlist.她被排除在首选名单之外。Ⅱprep.butnot除……外:HeworkseverydayexceptSunday.除了星期天,他天天干活。▽exception[exceptv.;-ionn.]n.除外,例外;异议,反对exceptive[exceptv.;-ivea.]a.例外的,除外的,特殊的exceptious[exceptv.;-iousa.]a.好提异议的,喜欢反对的incept[in-=in在……中;cept=totake取→“totakeinhand取在手中”→]v.①begin开始:Thepartyincepted80yearsago.该党成立于80年前。②completethetakingofadegree取得学位:toinceptone'sMA取得硕士学位▽inception[incept;-ionn.]n.开始,初期;学位授予典礼inceptive[incept;-ivea.]a.开始的,最初的intercept[inter-=between在……之间;cept=totake取→“totakebetween在中途取得”→]v.seizeorstopontheway拦截,截住:Thedrugshipmentwasinterceptedattheairport.那批毒品在机场被截获了。▽interception[intercept;-ionn.]n.拦截;截击;窃听precept[pre-=before在……之前;cept=totake取→“wordstakenbeforeanaction行动前应记取的话”→]n.aruleofactionorbehaviour;maxim规矩,戒律;箴言:Exampleisbetterthanprecept.身教重于言传。▽perceptive[per-;cept;-ivea.]a.规诫的,训诫的;规定的susceptible[sus-(sub-)=(upfrom)under自下而上;cept=totake取;-ible=abletobe可被……的→“abletobetakenup可被占取的”→]a.①easilyaffectedby易受影响的:Heissusceptibletosuggestion.他没有主见。②easilyinfluencedbyfeelings易受感动的,多情的:susceptiblegirls多情少女▽susceptibility[susceptib(le);-ilityn.]n.敏感性;多情hypersusceptible[hyper-;susceptiblea.]a.过敏的cap还有一个异体cip,以下是cip的几个主要的派生词。anticipate[anti-(ante-)=before前;cip=totake取;-atev.→“totakebeforeorrealizebefore先取,先实现”→]v.①dobeforeothersdo先于……做成:TheChineseanticipatedtheEuropeanindiscoveryofgunpowder.中国人在欧洲人之前发现了火药。②considerinadvance预先考虑,预见:Ourhotelanticipatesyoureveryneed.本宾馆预先考虑到您

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论