德国温室气体排放情况分析报告-外文版培训课件2024.7风电光伏储能

POLITICS

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SOCIETYGreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyCHAPTER

01OverviewDistributionofcarbondioxideemissionsworldwidein2022,byselectcountryLargestglobalemittersofcarbondioxide2022,bycountryShareofCO₂emissions0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%ChinaUnitedStatesIndia30.7%13.6%7.6%Russia4.4%Japan2.8%IndonesiaIranSaudiArabiaGermanySouthKoreaCanada2%1.9%1.8%1.8%1.6%1.5%1.4%1.3%MexicoBrazil3Description:Chinawasthebiggestemitterofcarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsin2022,accountingfornearly31percentoftheglobalemissions.Theworld'stopfivelargestpolluterswereresponsibleforroughly60percentofglobalCO₂emissionsin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;BasedonterritorialemissionsfromcombustionandindustrialprocessesSource(s):Expert(s)(Friedlingsteinetal.(2023),AndrewandPeters(2023).);GlobalCarbonProject;GreenhousegasemissionsintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in2022,bycountry(inmillionmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsintheEuropeanUnion2022,bycountryEmissionsinMtCO₂e0100200300400500600700800900GermanyItaly781.8398.3391.2FrancePoland347.8Spain261.9NetherlandsCzechiaBelgiumGreece168.1121.9108.576.970.4AustriaIrelandRomaniaPortugal67.663.554.74Description:GermanywasthebiggestcontributortoEU-27greenhousegas(GHG)emissionsin2022,havingreleasedtheequivalentof782millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO₂e)intotheatmosphere.ThiswasalmostdoubletheGHGemissionsproducedbyItaly,thebloc'ssecond-largestemitter.Since1990,themajorityofEUmembershaveexperiencedconsiderableꢀgreenhousegasemissionsreductions.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2022;IncludingLULUCFandinternationalaviationSource(s):EEAGreenhousegasemissionspercapitaintheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)in1990and2022,bycountry(inmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)GreenhousegasemissionspercapitaintheEuropeanUnion1990-2022,bycountryEmissionsintCO₂e/cap20221990200510152530354014.54LuxembourgIreland34.3913.0917.4511.4210.7210.16CzechiaEstoniaCyprus18.6922.410.69.499.359.339.32NetherlandsPoland15.5611.76GermanyFinlandBelgiumLatvia16.319.869.2914.658.257.785.22Austria8.895Description:LuxembourghadthehighestpercapitaGHGemissionsintheEU-27in2022,at14.5metrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(tCO₂e/cap).ThiswasroughlydoubletheEU-27averagethatyear.Bycomparison,Swedenhadthelowestpercapitaemissionsin2022,atlessthanonetCO₂e/cap.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1990and2022;BasedontotalnetGHGemissions(includingLULUCF&internationalaviation)Source(s):EEALargestcontributorstocumulativecarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsfromfossilfuels,landuse,andforestryworldwidefrom1850to2022(inbillionmetrictons)GlobalcumulativeCO₂emissionsfromfossilfuelsandlanduse1850-2022,bycountryEmissionsinbillionmetrictons0100200300400500600UnitedStatesChina554.8322.7Russia226.1Brazil132.8India99.4IndonesiaGermanyUnitedKingdomCanada93.893.678.575.2Japan73.16Description:Almost2,600billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(GtCO₂)havebeenemittedintotheatmospherefromfossilfuelcombustionandland-usechangesince1850.TheUnitedStateshascontributedtoroughly22percentofthistotal,atnearly555GtCO₂.ThismakestheU.S.thebiggestcumulativeemitteroverthepasttwocenturiesbyfar.Chinaisrankedsecondoverall,havingreleased323GtCO₂fromfossilfuelcombustionandland-usechange.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1850to2022Source(s):Expert(s)(Friedlingsteinetal.(2023));GlobalCarbonProject;OWIDDistributionofcumulativecarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsworldwidefrom1750to2022,bykeycountryGlobalshareofcumulativeCO₂emissions1750-2022,byselectcountryUnitedStatesChinaRussiaGermanyUnitedKingdomJapanIndiaFranceBrazilRestofworld120%100%80%60%40%20%0%175018001850190019501990200020102020202120227Description:In1800,theUnitedKingdomaccountedforroughly100percentofcumulativeglobalcarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsfromfossilfuelcombustionandindustrialprocesses.However,asmorecountriesbegantoindustrializeoverthefollowingdecades,thedistributionofcumulativeemissionsshiftedgreatly.By1900,theUnitedKingdom'sshareoftotalcumulativeemissionshadfallentobelow40percent,whiletheUnitedStates'ssharehadincreasedtoalmostaquarter.Othermajoremitters[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1750to2022Source(s):Expert(s)(Friedlingsteinetal.(2023));GlobalCarbonProject;OWIDCHAPTER

02Consumption&productionPrimaryenergyconsumptioninGermanyfrom1998to2023(inexajoules)PrimaryenergyconsumptioninGermany1998-202316141210864201998

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20239Description:Germany'sprimaryenergyconsumptionamountedto11.4exajoulesin2023,downfrom12.29exajoulesinthepreviousyear.Nevertheless,consumptionofprimaryenergyintheEuropeancountryhasbeenonamostlydownwardtrendinrecentyears,reachingarecordlowin2023.OilandnaturalgasarethemostusedfuelsforprimaryenergyinGermany.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1998to2023Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGPrimaryenergyconsumptioninGermanyfrom2019to2023,byfuel(inexajoules)PrimaryenergyconsumptioninGermany2019-2023,byfuelOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearenergyHydroelectricityRenewables14.012.010.08.06.04.02.00.02019202020212022202310Description:PrimaryenergyconsumptioninGermanydecreasedin2023whencomparedtothepreviousyear.Themostusedfuelwasoil,whichaccountedforonethirdofthecountry'sprimaryenergyconsumptionthatyear.Rankingsecondandthirdwerenaturalgasandrenewableenergies,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2019to2023Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGGrosselectricitygenerationinGermanyfrom2000to2023,byenergysource(interawatthours)GrosselectricitygenerationinGermany2000-2023,byenergysourceBrowncoalNuclearenergyHardcoalNaturalgasMineraloilproductsRenewableenergyOther70060050040030020010002000

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2023*11Description:In2023,around267terawatthoursofgrosselectricityinGermanyweregeneratedfromrenewableenergysources,basedonpreliminaryfigures.Overthecourseofthepast20years,powergenerationfromrenewableenergieshasincreasedsignificantly.Atthesametime,hardcoalandnuclearenergyinparticularrecordedasignificantdeclineinuse.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2000to2023;*Preliminary.Figureswererounded.ReadmoreSource(s):AGEB;BDEW;BMWK;StatistikderKohlenwirtschaft;StatistischesBundesamt;ZSWDistributionofenergysourcesusedforgrosselectricitygenerationinGermanyin2023PowermixinGermany2023Shareofgrosselectricitygeneration10%

15%0%5%20%25%30%WindBrowncoal26.8%17%Naturalgas15.5%SolarPV11.9%Hardcoal8.6%8.5%BiomassHydroandpumpedstorage3.8%NuclearMunicipalwastePetroleumproductsOthersources1.4%1.1%1%4.5%12Description:Over50percentofthegrosselectricitygeneratedinGermanyin2023camefromrenewablesources,withwindpowerbeingthemostprominent.However,thecountryisstillheavilyreliantonfossilfuelsfordomesticpowerproduction.In2023,some25percentofgrosselectricitywasgeneratedusingligniteandhardcoal,consideredthemostpollutingofenergysources.Naturalgascontributedanother15.5percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2023Source(s):AGEB;StatistischesBundesamtCHAPTER

03GreenhousegasemissionsAnnualgreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsinGermany1990-20231,3001,2001,1001,00090080070060014Description:Germany'sgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionswere674millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO₂e)in2023,anannualdecreaseof10.1percent.Overall,GHGemissionsinGermanyhavereducedbyroughly46percentsince1990.Toreachclimatetargets,Germanyaimstoreduceemissionsbyatleast65percentbelow1990levelsby2030,andreachgreenhousegasneutralityby2045.

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023;*Excludesemissionsfromlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry(LULUCF)ReadmoreSource(s):UmweltbundesamtYear-on-yearchangeingreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyfrom1991to2023AnnualgreenhousegasemissionschangeinGermany1991-20236%4%2%0%-2%-4%-6%-8%-10%-12%15Description:Germany'sgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfellby10.1percentin2023.ThiswasthelargestannualGHGreductionsrecordedbetween1990and2023.Thesecond-largestannualGHGreductionsduringthisperiodwereobservedin2020,whenemissionsfell8.2percentyear-on-year.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1991to2023;Excludesemissionsfromlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry(LULUCF)Source(s):UmweltbundesamtAnnualcarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023(inmillionmetrictons)CarbondioxideemissionsinGermany1990-20231,1501,05095085075065055016Description:Germany'scarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsfellby11percentin2023,to598millionmetrictons(MtCO₂).ThiswasthelowestlevelofCO₂emissionsproducedinGermanyformorethanthreedecades.Overall,Germany'sannualCO₂emissions(excludingLULUCF)havedecreasedby43percentsince1990.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023;Excludesemissionsfromlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry(LULUCF).ꢀSource(s):UmweltbundesamtAnnualmethane(CH₄)emissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)MethaneemissionsinGermany1990-20231551351159575553517Description:MethaneemissionsinGermanywereequivalentto44.8millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO₂e)in2023,representingayear-on-yeardecreaseof1.5percent.AnnualmethaneemissionsinGermany,whichstemprimarilyfromagriculturalactivities,havefallenbynearly70percentsince1990.Methaneisapotentgreenhousegaswithaꢀglobalwarmingpotentialsome30timesgreaterthancarbondioxideovera100-yearperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023;FiguresuseaGWP28valueformethane.;*Excludesemissionsfromlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry(LULUCF)

ReadmoreSource(s):UmweltbundesamtAnnualnitrousoxide(N₂O)emissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)NitrousoxideemissionsinGermany1990-2023555045403530252018Description:Nitrousoxide(N₂O)emissionsinGermanywereequivalentto23millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO₂e)in2023.AnnualnitrousoxideemissionsinGermanyhavefallenbyroughly55percentsince1990.Humanactivitiesthatproducenitrousoxideincludeagriculture,fuelcombustion,andwastewatermanagement.ꢀWhilenotasabundantascarbondioxide,nitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegaswithaglobalwarmingpotentialalmost300timesgreaterthancarbondioxideovera[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023;FiguresuseaGWP265value.;*Excludesemissionsfromlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry(LULUCF)

ReadmoreSource(s):UmweltbundesamtCHAPTER

04SegmentsGreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023,bysector(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalents)GreenhousegasemissionsinGermany1990-2023,bysectorEnergyIndustryTransportBuildingsIndustryAgricultureWasteandwastewater1,4001,2001,000800600400200020Description:Germany'senergyindustryproduced205millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO₂e)in2023,makingitthelargestsourceofgreenhousegasemissionsinthecountrythatyear.Nevertheless,theenergyindustrycutemissionsby56percentbetween1990and2023.Incomparison,Germantransportationemissionsfellbyjust11percentduringthesameperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023Source(s):UmweltbundesamtDistributionofgreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyin2023,bysectorBreakdownofgreenhousegasemissionsinGermany2023,bysectorAgriculture9%WasteandWasteWater1%Energyindustry30%Industry23%Buildings15%Transportation22%21Description:TheenergyindustrywasthelargestsourceofgreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyin2023,accountingfor30percentofthecountry'stotalemissions(excludingLULUCF).Theindustryandtransportationsectorsfollowed,contributing23percentand22percent,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2023;BasedonGHGemissionsof674MtCO₂eSource(s):UmweltbundesamtCarbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsinGermanyin20223,bysubsectorCarbondioxideemissionsinGermany2023,bysubsectorShareofCO₂emissions0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%EnergyindustryRoadtransportationManufacturingHouseholdsBusiness,trade,services***ManufactureofmineralproductsManufactureofmetalsAgriculture-Stationary&mobilefiringChemicalindustryFugitiveemissionsfromfuelsAgriculture-LimingOtherindustryprocessesandproductusesNationalairtransportation22Description:TheenergyindustrywasthelargestcontributortoGermany'scarbondioxideemissionsin2023,accountingfor33percentofthetotal.Roadtransportationandthemanufacturingfollowed,withsharesofroughly24percentand18percent,respectively.Theenergyindustryaccountsfor30percentofꢀGHGemissionsinGermany(excludingLULUCF).ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2023;Basedonemissionsof598MtCO₂;*(excludingmilitaryandagriculture)ExcludesLULUCF.FigureswerecalculatedbySource(s):

Umweltbundesamtusingdataprovidedbythesource.ReadmoreRoadtransportationgreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023,bysector(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalents)GreenhousegasemissionsfromroadtransportationinGermany1990-202318518017517016516015515014514013523Description:GreenhousegasemissionsfromroadtransportationinGermanytotaled142.3millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO₂e)in2023.Sincehittingapeakof179MtCO₂ein1999,Germany'sroadtransportationemissionshavedecreasedbymorethan20percent.In2023,roadtransportationwasthesecond-largestsourceofcarbondioxideemissionsinGermany,behindonlytheenergyindustry.

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023Source(s):UmweltbundesamtEmissionsfromelectricitygenerationinGermanyfrom2000to2023,bysource(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)ElectricitygenerationemissionsinGermany2000-2023,bysourceOtherRenewablesNuclearHydroWindSolarBioenergyOtherFossilGasCoal4003503002502001501005002000

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202324Description:CoalisbyfarthelargestcontributortoGermany'spowersectoremissions.In2023,coal-firedelectricitygenerationproduced131millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(MtCO₂e),orroughly68percentoftotalpowersectoremissions.Nevertheless,Germany'scoalpoweremissionshavemorethanhalvedsincetheturnofthecentury.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2000to2023Source(s):EmberCarbonintensityofthepowersectorinGermanyfrom2000to2023(ingramsofCO₂perkilowatt-hour)PowersectorcarbonintensityinGermany2000-20236005505004504003503002000

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202325Description:ThecarbonintensityofGermany'spowersectordecreasedbyalmost10percentin2023,to381gramsofcarbondioxideperkilowatt-hour(gCO₂/KWh)ofelectricitygenerated.Since2000,Germany'spowersectorcarbonintensityhasdecreasedbymorethan30percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2000to2023Source(s):EmberBiggestemittersinGermanyin2023(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide)BiggestcarbonpollutersinGermany2023EmissionsinMtCO₂0NeurathPowerStation2468101214161816.4913.9913.3113.03JänschwaldePowerStationNiederaussemPowerPlantBoxbergPowerStationSchwarzePumpePowerStationWeisweilerPowerPlantDuisbergSteelPlant9.669.247.76LippendorfPowerStationGlockeDuisbergSteelPlantDillingenSteelPlant7.424.343.9826Description:NeurathPowerPlantwasthebiggestemitterinGermanyin2023,withemissionsof16.5millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO₂).NeurathPowerPlantisalignite-firedpowerstationoperatedbyRWEAGandwasthesecond-largestemitterintheEuropeanUnionin2022.SevenofthetenmostpollutinginstallationsinGermanywerecoal-firedpowerplants.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2023Source(s):EuropeanCommissionMostpollutingindustrialfacilitiesinGermanyin2023(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide)BiggestindustrialsectorcarbonpollutersinGermany2023EmissionsinMtCO₂0DuisburgSmeltingWorks(Thyssenkrupp)GlockeDuisburgSteelPlant(HKM)1234567897.84.3DillingenSteelPlant(ROGESA)4SalzgitterSteelWorks(SalzgitterFlachstahl)Hallendorfblast-furnace(SalzgitterFlachstahl)HambornBlock5blastfurnace(Thyssenkrupp)Huckingenblast-furnace(HKM)3.33.22.82.62.52.32.1DuisburgHambornsteamboilerplant(Thyssenkrupp)BremenSteelWorks(ArcelorMittal)Block4Bremenblastfurnace(ArcelorMittal)27Description:The10biggestemitterswithinGermany'sindustrialsectorwereallironandsteelplantsin2023.ThemostpollutingfacilitywastheThyssenKruppownedsmeltingworksintheWesternGermancityofDuisburg,whichemitted7.8millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxide(MtCO₂).Combined,Germany's10mostpollutingindustrialfacilitiesemittedroughly35MtCO₂in2023.Theindustrialsectoristhesecond-largestsourceofemissionsinGermanyaftertheenergyindustry.ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2023Source(s):EuropeanCommission(EU-ETS)CHAPTER

05OutlookAnnualgreenhousegasemissionsinGermanyfrom1990to2023,withtargetsfor2030to2045(inmillionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsandtargetsinGermany1990-20451,4001,2511,2001,0401,000800600400200092889975067445543815001990200020102015202220232030Projection2030Target**

2040Target**

2045Target**29Description:GermanycutGHGemissionsby577MtCO₂between1990and2023,orroughly46percent.Germanyaimstobecomegreenhousegasneutralby2045.Ithassetthepreliminarytargetofcuttingemissionsby65percentbelow1990levelsby2030,whichwouldseeemissionsdroptoroughly438MtCO₂e.ProjectionsshowthatGermanyislargelyontacktomeetthistarget.Tolimitglobalwarmingto1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelsandmitigatetheworstimpactsofclimatechange,globalnet[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;1990to2023;*Withoutemissionsfromlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry(LULUCF)**2030,2040and2045targetsasstatedintheClimateActionLaw.

ReadmoreSource(s):CleanEnergyWire;UmweltbundesamtGreenhousegasemissionreductiontargetsinGermanyby2030relativeto1990levels,andcurrentstatusasof2023,bysectorGHGemissionreductiontargetsinGermany2030,bysector20232030target-10%0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50%-60%-70%-80%-90%-100%-28%-33%-44%-46%-48%-51%-57%-58%-65%-68%-77%-86%-90%EnergyIndustryBuildingTransportationSectorAgricultureWastemanagement

TotalGHGemissions&others

(excludingLULUCF)30Description:Germanyhassetoutthetargetofreachinggreenhousegasneutralityby2045.Toachievethisgoal,thecountry'sgreenhousegasemissionswillneedtobecutby65percentby2030,relativeto1990levels.Asof2023,Germany'semissionswereroughly46percentbelow1990levels.Theenergyindustry-thelargestsourceofgreenhousegasesinGermany-hadcutemissionsbysome57percentbelow1990levelsasof2023.ForGermanytoreachitstarget,energyindustryemissionswill[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2023;*Excludesemissionsfromlanduse,landusechange,andforestry(LULUCF)Figureswerecalculatedbyusingdataprovidedbythesource.

ReadmoreSource(s):UmweltbundesamtVolumeofreducedgreenhousegasemissionsthroughusingrenewableenergyinGermanyin2023,byener