过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。定语——在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。第1页/共26页1.单个过去分词作定语,通常前置1)及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。abrokencup

awoundedsoldieranunexpectedguest

theexcitedcrowd

2)不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。agrownwomanaretiredofficerthefallenleaves

一、作定语(修饰名词或代词)第2页/共26页

2、过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。Heisoneofthoseinvited.Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.第3页/共26页2.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。aletterwritteninpencil=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencilthebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommended

...themachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproduced

...Awoman,dressedlikealawyer,cameinandtookherseatasjudge.

=whowasdressed...第4页/共26页过去分词与现在分词的区别：1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义,不表被动aninspiringspeech

theinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众Thefallingleavesthefallenleaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）第5页/共26页2.时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily________

(point)tothenotice.3Thewoman________(sell)vegetableshasgone.4.Thewheatiswateredbywater________

(bring)fromapond.5.Heisaleader__________(respect)bythepeople.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected第6页/共26页therisensun

升起了的太阳therisingsun

正在升起的太阳

boiledwater

开水boilingwater

正沸腾的水fallenleaves

落叶fallingleaves

正在飘落的叶子changedcondition

改变了的情况changingcondition

变化着的情况developedcountries

发达国家developingcountries

发展中国家第7页/共26页3.及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayTheproblembeingdiscussed

第8页/共26页二、过去分词做表语1过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.说明的是主语的状态Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.第9页/共26页2.过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别第10页/共26页（1）现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为“令人怎样...”，有主动的意思。exciting,

moving,

amusing,

astonishing,frightening,

interesting,

relaxing,

shocking,

surprising,

terrifying,

tiringetc.(2)过去分词作定语多表示主语所处的状态，意为“对...或感到怎样”，有被动的意思.

excited,

moved,

amused,

astonished,

frightened,

interested,

relaxed,

satisfied,

surprised,

terrified,

tiredetc.eg,Theygotveryexcited.第11页/共26页(2)过去分词作定语多表示主语所处的状态，意为“对...或感到怎样”，有被动的意思.

excited,

moved,

amused,

astonished,

frightened,

interested,

relaxed,

satisfied,

surprised,

terrified,

tiredetc.第12页/共26页(3).过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调动作。Theglassisbroken.Theglassisbrokenbymylittlebrother.第13页/共26页Exercises:1.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅们修建的).2.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.3.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).4._____________(开水)

5.________________(一个破碎的茶杯)6.three____________________(受伤的士兵)builtbymyunclestakenmadebyherboiledwaterabrokencupwoundedsoldiers第14页/共26页Exercises:

1.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀请参加宴会的)werefamousscientists.2.Lessons_____________(易学的)aresoonforgotten.**_____________(易学的)lessonsaresoonforgotten.3.Thecomputercenter_________________(开办)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.invitedtothepartylearnedeasilyopened/startedEasily-learned第15页/共26页修饰look,smile,voice,face等能表示人的感受的过去分词.Fromhis____lookonhisface,thepriceofmeatmusthaverisen.A.disappointedB.disappointing(2)Hehungupthephonewitha____smileonhisface.A.satisfiedB.satisfying(3)Sheshoutedina____voice.A.pleasingB.pleased(4)Judgingfromher____face,shemustbeintrouble.A.puzzledB.puzzling(5)The____parentsarenot____withtheir____son.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.satisfiedAABABCA第16页/共26页Practice1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettledBC第17页/共26页3.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor_____“Sorrytomissyou;Iwillcalllater.”A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read4.Aboy_____Jackwonthegame.Aboy______himselfJackwonthegame.A.callingB.calledCBA第18页/共26页5.Whoistheman____

toyourfatherjustnow?Whoistheman____tojustnow?A.

speakingB.spoken6.Thebuilding_____

lastyearisseventymetershigh.Thebuilding_____nowisseventymetershigh.Thebuilding_____nextmonthisseventymetershigh.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltABABC第19页/共26页7.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited8.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenAD第20页/共26页9.Anagreement___tomorrowwilldogoodtoeveryoneofus.A.tobesignedB.beingsignedC.signed10.Theplan_____

forthetripbyourteachernextweekisveryimportant.A.madeB.tobemadeC.beingmade11.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheshipwasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingABC第21页/共26页ExercisesDon’tusewords,expressions,orphrases___onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownAswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedDA第22页/共26页Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayTheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplayingCC第23页/共26页5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun6.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.ne