暑假作业11阅读理解

完成时间：月日天气：作业11阅读理解细节理解类细节理解题干扰选项特征张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。推理判断类掌握推理判断题的考查角度(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。 (2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象。推理判断题正确选项特征1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。推理判断题干扰选项特征1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。词义猜测类掌握词句猜测题的考查角度(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语的意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those等)；(4)猜测句意。明确方法技巧（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测（2）根据同位关系进行猜测（3）根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生、合成等)进行猜测（4）根据因果关系进行猜测（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测（6）根据同义或近义关系进行猜测（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测（8）意义吻合定句意主旨大意类题型掌握主旨大意题的考查角度主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。明确方法技巧1.阅读文章的标题或副标题2.寻找文章的主题句主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。一POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesroundtripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialTshirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.【答案】13ACB【解析】本文为应用文，内容为诗歌竞赛的规则和奖项。1.细节理解题。根据3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。2.C细节理解题。根据50HonorableMentions这一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。3.B细节理解题。由Rules中“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.”，写诗用词不能超过100词，故选B。二Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismotherinlaw,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.FouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathreestoreyVictorianhouseinBristol——oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismotherinlaw.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremoremoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.4.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.5.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismotherinlaw?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.6.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】47BACD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。4.细节理解题。根据第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。5.推理判断题。根据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。6.细节理解题。根据第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，据说，2534岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。7.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。三Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(设备)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energysavingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergysavingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy. B.Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C.Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints. D.Howtomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A.Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels. B.Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C.Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint. D.Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.10.Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A.Usingsecondhandtextbooks. B.Usingoldandexpensivecars.C.Buyingnewbutcheapclothes. D.Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.11."Thefootprint"underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin_______.A.usingtheproduct B.recyclingtheproductC.makingtheproduct D.transportingtheproduct【答案】811DDAC【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了作者在面对环保时的选择：买新的环保产品还是旧的传统产品？针对这个问题，作者提出了碳足迹的概念并具体提出正确做法。8.主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后和第二段可知，作者最近有一个问题：是买新的环保产品还是用传统生产的产品更好？在做了一些研究之后，作者进行理论解释和提出相应建议，文章更重选择那一类产品，而非什么样的电器，故选D。9.细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，二次足迹是我们使用的与产品生产和分解相关的产品的整个生命周期的间接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由间接可排除A，B不是购买而是且使用中的，C于文无据，D项最符合使用过程中间接产生二氧化碳的要求。10.推理判断题。由文章第四段可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“二次足迹”组，很少会产生二次足迹，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产，教科书就是属于这种类型。故选A。11.词义猜测题。选择节能车型似乎最为合理，这里主要关心的是用于制造新产品的能源量，以及这些额外的碳是否值得产品在到达你面前时所产生的足迹，即是产品被创造出来而产生的碳足迹，与前面makingofnewproducts对应。故选C。四Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（时装）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海狸鼠）.UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMeCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnonnativespecies（物种）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtoeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisecofriendly.12.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguiltfreefur. B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand. D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.13.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously. B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcatsizedanimals. D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.15.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal. B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful. D.It'straditional.【答案】1215AADB【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海狸鼠毛皮市场的发展及人们对穿着海狸鼠毛皮制成的不同风格的时装的各种观点。12.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.”“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear…”，故选A。13.考查细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.”和第四段“NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild‘Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnonnativespecies.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment…’”，故选A。14.考查词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后半部分“thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy…”（猫那么大小的动物疯狂地繁殖），与之相反，海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃了，故选D。15.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段“Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork”，故选B。五Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwoyearjourneytoreportonwhattheyfound.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(绑架)byanenemytribewhenshewasabout12,thensoldtoaFrenchCanadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguideforLewisandClark'sexpeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNativeAmericanpeopleontheir8,000milejourney.Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuchneededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorsestocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlonglostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewisandClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort(营地).SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Astheypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16yearoldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.16．WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?A．Todotrade. B．Tofighttheenemy.C．Tobesafer. D．Tohelpmunicate.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?A．Respected. B．Suspected.C．Influenced. D．Promoted.18．WhatdoyouthinkofSacagawea'sroleintheexpedition?A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.19．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aspecialhonor. B．Agreatexpedition.C．Anoutstandinggirl. D．Anunknownterritory.【答案】1619DABC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。16．细节理解题。根据第三段SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNativeAmericanpeopleontheir8,000milejourney.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地印第安人交流。故选D。17．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句whentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis和Clark

的尊敬，他们才会要求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“esteemed”的意思是repected“尊敬”之意，故选A。18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.…andhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，Sacagawea想起了她童年时在Shoshone部落留下的的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。19．主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，Anoutstandinggirl.一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。一We'veallbeenthere,whenareallyessentialitemthatyouhadtoorderonlinearrivesinsuchanunbelievableamountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeit'sanunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.It'smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two⁃thirdsofwhichcouldhaveinsteadbeenrecycled.Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinforaBIGshake⁃upinlinewiththe“polluterpaysprinciple”.Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchaspossible.Otherwise,theywillhavetopayhigherfees.ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)—meaningthatthosewhohavecontroloverpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthebeginningandconsiderwhathappensattheendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,panieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittlecoststoo.And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory(强制性的)labellingonpackaging.Forexample,thiscouldbe“RECYCLE”or“DONOTRECYCLE”.Ofcourse,wehopethatthe“DONOTRECYCLE”categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Two⁃thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.B.Over⁃packagingisoftenthecaseinlife.C.Thequalityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular.2.Whowillberesponsibleforpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?A.Designers. B.Producers.C.Customers. D.Localauthorities.3.WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclepackagingwaste.B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.D.Followthepackagingdesigntrendandtherightthings.4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.[语篇解读]语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:为应对过度包装和包装不能回收利用的问题而制定的环保政策EPR和它可能带来的影响与作用。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中“insuchanunbelievableamountofpackaging”和第二段中“10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear”可推知,第一、二段告诉我们过度包装在生活中是常有的事。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中“inlinewiththe‘polluterpaysprinciple’”和第五段中“panieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste”可知,按照新的法律,污染者,即产品生产者,将负责支付包装垃圾处理费用。3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusable”和最后一段中“thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory(强制性的)labellingonpackaging”可知,新的EPR法令会促使品牌所有者减少包装浪费,改善包装回收利用状况。4.D推理判断题。根据第六段中“Ofcourse,wehopethatthe‘DONOTRECYCLE’categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.”可推知,未来网上订购的商品将用合适数量的可回收包装打包递送。二ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P⁃selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL⁃1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL⁃1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu—anaccessory(附属)proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL⁃1toresistHIV.FurtherresearchisunderwaytodevelopadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL⁃1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避开)them.PSGL⁃1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.“Wearestartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule(分子)poundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestorePSGL⁃1'santi⁃HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,”hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfortheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonabinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong⁃termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL⁃1fromthepassage?A.BoththeproteinPSGL⁃1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.B.PSGL⁃1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.C.PSGL⁃1'smoleculepoundshavebeenidentified.D.TheproteinPSGL⁃1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.3.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.B.MorepeoplearefacedwiththethreatofHIV.C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Afiction.C.Amagazine. D.Abrochure.[语篇解读]语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:中国科学家新发现了一种可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白质,这可能为研发抗艾滋病病毒的新药品开辟路径。1.D推理判断题。根据第三段中“PSGL⁃1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.”可知,PSGL⁃1具有多种抗艾滋病病毒功能,展现良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的传染性。故PSGL⁃1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。2.A推理判断题。根据第五段“ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonabinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong⁃termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.”可知,目前艾滋病的治疗方式是多种药物的结合,往往治标不治本,长期使用还会让人产生抗药性,远远称不上完美。3.D主旨要义题。根据文章第一句中“ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection”和下文内容可知,文章大意为科学家证实了一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质。4.C推理判断题。本文主要讲述中国科学家发现的一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质,以及其后续的研究和影响。所以本文最有可能来自杂志。三ThevillageofMisfatAlAbriyeenhaschangeditsfortunesbytransformingmud⁃brickhomesintofinehotels.Thevillageof800people,locatedonthecliffsofOman's“GrandCanyon”,openeditsnarrowstreetsyearsagotoforeignersandlocalsseekingadventureinthedesertsandgreencornersoftheGulfarea.VillagerYacoubAl⁃Abrisaiditallstartedin2010whenhisunclesuggestedtheytakeanotherlookatthemudhousesthathadlainignoredforyearsintheancientsettlementaboutthreehours'drivefromthecapitalMuscat.Theownershadabandonedthecenturies⁃oldhomes,fearingtheycouldtopple,andmovedtotheoppositesideofthevillagewheretheybuiltnewacmodation.Thebrown⁃walledhomes,madeofmudbrickswithpalm⁃leaveroofs,wereturnedintosimplebutelegantinnswithwoodfurnitureandhandcraftsmadeusingskillshandeddownfromtheirancestors.“Westartedwithonlyfiverooms,thenweincreasedthenumberandboughtotheroldhouses.Todaywehave15roomsandthereareplanstocontinueexpandinguntilwereach50,”Al⁃Abrisaid.Atanaltitudeofmorethan1,000meters,thetinyvillagewhichishometohistribeisacharmingcollectionoftraditionalhouseslocatedalongdozensofsmallalleys(小巷)overlookinglandsburstingwithbananaplantsandcitrusandpalmtrees.ItispartofaregionknownastheGrandCanyonofOmanwheretouristscanhiketherockymountainsandvalleys,andexploretheoldwaysoflocalpeople.Theregionisalsofamedforitscenturies⁃oldstoriesthatarestillwidelytoldinsimilarvillagesacrossthecountry.Renoda,aDutchpsychologistlivinginMuscat,wasvisitingwiththreeofherfriends.“It'sperhapsthe10thtimethatIhavevisitedthishotelsincelastyear.Iehereforanightortwoeverymonthseekingcalm,relaxationandfort,”shetoldAFP.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“topple”inparagraph2mean?A.Move. B.Fall.C.Disappear. D.Shrink.2.Whataretheroomsofthevillagehotelslike?A.Splendid. B.Outdated.C.Ordinary. D.Traditional.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theuniquelifestyleofthelocalpeople.B.Thespecialsituationofthesmallvillage.C.Thereasonsforthepopularityofthevillage.D.Theintroductionofthehistoryofthevillage.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutRenoda?A.Shelivesastressfullifeinthecity.B.Sheenjoysadventuroustraveling.C.Visitingthevillagersispartofherwork.D.Shewantstoliveinthishotelper