2025版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价15Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册

PAGEPAGE1课时质量评价(十五)必修第三册UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION题型组合练——阅读理解＋七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作Ⅰ.阅读理解AThefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.Astronomersareplanningtomakethemoon'sdistantsideournewestandbestwindowonthecosmic(宇宙的)darkages,amysteriouserahidingearlymarksofstarsandgalaxies.Ouruniversewasnotalwaysfilledwithstars.About380，000yearsafterthebigbang,theuniversecooled,andthefirstatomsofhydrogenformed.Gigantichydrogencloudssoonfilledtheuniverse.Butforafewhundredmillionyears,everythingremaineddark,withoutstars.Thencamethecosmicdawn:thefirststarsflickered,galaxiescameintoexistenceandslowlytheuniverse'slarge­scalestructuretookshape.Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark­agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光学的)telescopes—therewasnolight.Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong­wavelength(orlow­frequency)radioemissions，radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.Nowmultiplespaceagenciesplanlunarmissionscarryingradio­wave­detectinginstruments—somewithinthenextthreeyears—andastronomers'dreamsaresettobecomereality.“IfIweretodesignanidealplacetodolow­frequencyradioastronomy,Iwouldhavetobuildthemoon，”saysastrophysicistJackBurnsoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想要在月球背面建设射电望远镜，以此来探究宇宙的“黑暗时代”。1.What'sthepurposeofbuildingradiotelescopesonthemoon?A.Toresearchthebigbang.B.Todiscoverunknownstars.C.Tostudythecosmicdarkages.D.Toobservethefarsideofthemoon.C推理推断题。依据第一段的内容可知，月球的背面很快将满是射电望远镜；而依据第四段中的“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.”可知，科学家们想在月球背面探讨宇宙的“黑暗时代”。由此可以推断，建设射电望远镜的目的是探讨宇宙的“黑暗时代”。故选C。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inParagraph3possiblymean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate.C.Produce. D.Predict.A词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句“Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark­agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光学的)telescopes—therewasnolight.”中的“therewasnolight”说明了无法运用光学望远镜的缘由。下文“Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong­wavelength(orlow­frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.”中detect意为“探测”。前后对应，此处probe应表示“探测”，意思同“explore”。故选A。3.Whycan'thydrogenradioemissionsbedetectedonEarth?A.Becausetherewasnolightinthedarkages.B.Becausetheycannotpossiblygetthroughouratmosphere.C.Becausegigantichydrogencloudsnolongerfilltheuniverse.D.BecauseradiosignalsonEarthcausetoomuchinterference.D细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.”可知，检测不到射电辐射的缘由是，地球上的无线电信号造成了太多的干扰。故选D。4.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavetorebuildthemoon.B.Wewillfinallygettothemoon'sdistantside.C.Themoonisaperfectplacetosetupradiotelescopes.D.Afavourableresearchenvironmentwillbefoundonthemoon.C推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.”和最终一段中的“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”可推知，画线部分的意思是月球是建设射电望远镜的志向场所。故选C。BForthefirstfewmonthsof2024,Marswascrowdedwithnew“visitors”fromEarth.First,itwastheUAESpaceAgency'sHope,followedbytheChineseTianwen­1.ThenamecomesfromthelongpoemTianwen,writtenbyQuYuan,agreatpoetofancientChina.InTianwen,thisnameconveysChina'ssteadyeffortinpursuingtruthandcultureofexploringtheuniverse.TheTianwen­1roverlandinghasorbiting,landingandroving(巡察)components—thefirstmissiontoincludeallthreeonitsfirstattempt.LandingonMarsisextremelydangerous.Itrequiresenteringtheatmosphereatveryhighspeeds,thenslowingdownbeforelanding.AstoTianwen­1,aheatshield(防热护罩)protectedthespacecraftduringthefiery(燃烧的)landing,afterwhichthemissionsafelyparachuted(使空降)downtotheUtopiaPlanitia(乌托邦平原).Thelandingplatformfiredsmall,downward­facingrocketenginestoslowdownduringthelastfewseconds.China'sMarsrover,calledZhurongafteramythicalfigureintraditionalChineseculture,sentbackimagesofthesurfaceofMarscapturedbyacameraonitsfront,whichfunctionsasan“eye”todetectbarriersandgetaroundthem.TheUtopiaPlanitia,whereTianwen­1landed,haslongbeenbelievedtocontainvastamountsofwaterice.ZhurongwillfirstandforemoststudyMartiansoilandatmosphereandsearchforsignsofwaterice,whichsuggeststheexistenceoflife.Tianwen­1isChina'sfirstinterplanetary(行星间的)mission.Meanwhile,ChinaisworkingwithRussiaonasample­returnmissionscheduledtolaunchin2024.Chinaisopenandinclusiveinthedevelopmentofitsspacetechnologytobuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。2024年的头几个月，火星上挤满了来自地球的新“访客”，其中有中国的“天问一号”。“天问一号”是中国的首次星际任务，它标记着中国星际探究的起先。文章介绍了“天问一号”的着陆和任务等状况。5.WhywasChina's“visitor”toMarsnamedTianwen?A.ToemphasisethevalueofexploringMars.B.Toarousereaders'interestinreadingclassics.C.Toillustratethelonghistoryofwritingpoems.D.ToshowChina'sconstantstruggleinspaceexploration.D细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“InTianwen,thisnameconveysChina'ssteadyeffortinpursuingtruthandcultureofexploringtheuniverse.”可知，中国火星访客的名字之所以叫“天问”，是为了展示中国在太空探究方面的不懈努力。故选D。6.WhichofthefollowingcontributedtothesafelandingonMars?A.Theheatshieldonthespacecraft.B.ThecameraonthefrontofZhurong.C.TheflatlandscapeoftheUtopiaPlanitia.D.Therocketenginesabovethelandingplatform.A细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“AstoTianwen­1,aheatshield(防热护罩)protectedthespacecraftduringthefiery(燃烧的)landing,afterwhichthemissionsafelyparachuted(使空降)downtotheUtopiaPlanitia(乌托邦平原)．”可知，防热护罩对探测器在火星上平安着陆有帮助。故选A。7.WhatistheprimarytargetofZhurongonMars?A.Tobuildasharedfutureformankind.B.Tolookforsignsoflifeontheredplanet.C.Topushtheboundariesofspaceexploration.D.Toinformpeopleofourachievementsinspace.B细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“ZhurongwillfirstandforemoststudyMartiansoilandatmosphereandsearchforsignsofwaterice,whichsuggeststheexistenceoflife.”可知，“祝融号”在火星上的主要目标是找寻生命的迹象。故选B。8.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.ChinaisthefirstcountrytolandaroveronMars.B.ChinaisconfidentoftheexistenceoflifeonMars.C.Tianwen­1provesjointeffortsmatterinspaceresearch.D.Tianwen­1marksthestartofChina'sinterplanetaryexploration.D推理推断题。依据最终一段的内容可推知，“天问一号”标记着中国星际探究的起先。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五(2024·湖南长沙高三模拟)DoAmericanshaveanymorals?That'sagoodquestion.Manypeopleinsistthatideasaboutrightandwrongaremerelypersonalopinions.Somevoices,though,arecallingAmericansbacktotraditionalmoralvalues.WilliamJ.Bennett,formerUSSecretaryofEducation,editedTheBookofVirtuesin1993todojustthat.1ThesuccessofBennett'sbookshowsthatmanyAmericansstillbelieveinmoralvalues.Butwhatarethey?OneofthemostbasicmoralvaluesforAmericansishonesty.Thewell­knownlegendaboutGeorgeWashingtonandthecherrytreeteachesthisvalueclearly.Inthestory,insteadofpunishment,Georgereceivedpraisefornotlyingbuttellingthetruththathecutdownhisfather'sfavouritecherrytree.SometimesAmericanhonesty—beingopenanddirect—canoffendpeople.2AnothervirtueAmericansrespectisperseverance.RememberAesop'sFablesabouttheturtleandtherabbitthathadarace?3Buttheturtlefinallywonbecausehedidnotgiveup.4Thestoryof“TheGoodSamaritan(撒马利亚人)”describesamanwhoshowedcompassion.Onhiswaytoacertaincity,aSamaritanman,insteadofjustpassingby,stoppedtohelpapoortravellerlyingontheroadwhowasbeatenandrobbed.InnowaycanthisbriefdescriptioncoverallthemoralvalueshonouredbyAmericans.Courage,responsibility,loyalty,gratitudeandmanyotherscouldbediscussed.Infact,Bennett'sbestseller—over800pages—highlightsjust10virtues.EvenBennettadmitsthathehasonlyscratchedthesurface.Butnomatterhowlongorshortthelist,moralvaluesareinvaluable.5A.Butthisvirtuousattitudeishardlyoneofthem.B.Compassion(怜悯心)isadesirewithinustohelpothers.C.Therabbitthoughthecouldwineasily,sohetookanap.D.CompassionmaybethequeenofAmericanvirtues.E.ButAmericansstillbelievethat“honestyisthebestpolicy”．F.TheyarethefoundationofAmericanculture—andanyculture.G.Bennettsuggeststhatgreatmoralstoriescanbuildcharacter.1～5GECDFⅢ.完形填空Itwas11：30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70.IdaNelsonwasenjoyingthebathwhensheheardthelongdeepsoundofasmallairplane1thenearbyairport.Sheknewsomethingwas2anytimeaplaneflewoverthatlate.Nelsonleapedoutofthebath,rantothewindow,and3theproblem:Theairport'srunwaylightswereout.Nelson4someclothes,jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport,whereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelights5．“Normally,ifyoupressthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup，”Nelsonsaid.Notthistime.6，sheandthepilotlearnedoftheplane's7mission:Itwasthereto8aseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital,280milesawayinAnchorage.Nelsonhada9.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheshoneherheadlightsontheroadfortheplanetofollow.Morelightwas10，soaneighbourcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage—32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedrivers11inpajamas(睡衣).12directionsfromthepilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.Theplanemadeitsfinal13andguidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.Theyoungpatientwas14ontotheaircraft,andtheplaneimmediatelytookoffagain.Herillnesswasneverpubliclyrevealed,butshehassincebeenreleasedfromthehospital.Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity'spositiveactivism—comingtogether—wasabig15．【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述IdaNelson深夜和社区邻居一起帮助一架救人的直升机着陆的故事。1.A.striking B.leavingC.circling D.surroundingC结合下文提到的“机场的跑道灯熄灭”可知，飞机在机场回旋，无法着陆。故选C。2.A.new B.wrongC.difficult D.importantB依据空后的“anytimeaplaneflewoverthatlate”及下文内容可知，飞机这么晚飞过来应是出事了。故选B。3.A.saw B.facedC.solved D.predictedA下文“Theairport'srunwaylightswereout.”是Nelson看到的情景。故选A。4.A.triedon B.threwonC.tookoff D.putawayB依据空后的“jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport”可知，Nelson匆忙穿上衣服外出。throwon意为“匆忙穿上”。故选B。5.A.byhand B.atwillC.inprivate D.atrandomA依据下文“Normally,ifyoupressthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup”及“Notthistime.”可知，飞行员正试图手动开灯。故选A。6.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Therefore D.MeanwhileD依据语境可知，此处指Nelson和当地飞行员在试图开灯的同时，了解到飞机的任务。故选D。7.A.proud B.appealingC.urgent D.toughC依据下文“Itwasthereto8aseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital”可知，这是一个紧急任务。故选C。8.A.introduce B.transportC.guide D.accompanyB依据语境可知，飞机的任务是把当地的重病女孩“运输”到最近的医院。故选B。9.A.task B.choiceC.plan D.dreamC依据下一句Nelson的做法“她开着她的沙滩车驶到跑道的终点，她点亮车头灯，让后面的飞机跟着”可知，Nelson有了一个安排。故选C。10.A.needed B.joinedC.lost D.invitedA依据空后的“soaneighbourcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage”可知，还须要更多的灯光。故选A。11.A.ever B.stillC.just D.alreadyB依据空后的“inpajamas(睡衣)”可知，很多司机没来得及换衣服就过来帮忙，“仍旧”穿着睡衣。故选B。12.A.Following B.RequiringC.Learning D.ProvidingA依据空后的“thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway”可知，汽车司机遵循指示排成一排。故选A。13.A.progress B.testC.approach D.changeC上文提到汽车司机在飞行员的指示下排成一排，结合空后的“guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely”可知，飞机进行了最终的探究式的接近，在前灯的指引下平安着陆。故选C。14.A.removed B.loadedC.delivered D.in