高中英语北师大版必修一Part 3　Grammar (2)-不定代词

Part3Grammar(2)——不定代词1．Aspeopleoftensay，anyexerciseisbetterthannone.2．Itisagreatsportforbeginners—youdonotneedagymmembershiporanyspecialequipment.3．Youarealsosomebodywhoworriesaboutgettingsick.4．Besides,anybodywhoisfeelingdowncangoforaruntocheerthemselvesup.不指明代替任何特定对象的代词叫作不定代词。英语中的不定代词常成对出现，现分述如下：1．some和any(1)some和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句和否定句。(2)当表示请求或要求并希望对方能给出肯定的回答时，some也可用于疑问句；any表示“任何”之意时，也可用于肯定句。Iwanttogotothemarkettogetsomefruit.我想去市场上买点水果。Doyouhaveanybooksforchildrenhere?你这儿有适合儿童读的书吗？2．all和both(1)all表示三者或三者以上的人或物；both表示两者。(2)all和both都可以与定冠词连用，置于定冠词之前。(3)all与both后加of时，of后的名词前必须有限定词。(4)all与both可作为同位语放在谓语动词的前面。Notallballsareround.不是所有的球都是圆的。Theyarebothinterestedinmusic.他们两个都对音乐感兴趣。Areallthestudentsheretoday?今天所有的学生都到了吗？3．neither和either(1)neither和either均用于指两者，neither意为“两者都不”，either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”“(两者中的)每个，各方”。(2)neither和either只用于指两者，指三者或三者以上要用none和any。(3)两者均可修饰可数名词，但被修饰名词要用单数形式。Neitherofusenjoysgettingupearly.我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.街道两旁都有树。4．each和every(1)each强调个体，指两者或两者以上的人或物，在句子中可用作主语、宾语，也可做定语(修饰单数可数名词)；every强调全体，只能指三者或三者以上的人或物，在句子中只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词。(2)两个用and连接的名词若受each或every修饰且用作主语时，其谓语用单数。(3)every后接“数字或each/every＋名词”可表示“每……”。(4)each用于复数主语后作同位语，后面的谓语用复数。Every/Eachboyandgirlhasagift.每个男孩和女孩都有一份礼物。Thestudentseachhaveadictionary.学生每人有一本字典。Hecomeshomeeverytwoweeks.他每隔两周回家一次。5．none和noone(1)none既指人又指物，其后可接表示范围的of短语；noone通常只用于指人，不用于指物，其后不能接表示范围的of短语。(2)noone用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；none用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数也可用复数。Nonewas/werepresentatthattime.当时没有人在场。Noneoftheirpromiseshas/havebeenkept.他们的诺言一个也没有信守。Noonehaseverfoundawaytosolvetheproblem.从来没有人找到过解决这个问题的方法。6．few和afew(1)few表示否定意义，意为“很少”“几乎没有”；afew表示肯定意义，意为“几个”“一些”。两者都必须修饰或代替复数名词，在句子中可用作主语、宾语、定语等。(2)few前若使用了定冠词、物主代词或其他限定词，则表示肯定意义。Thisisaveryoldsong，sofewyoungpeopleknowit.这是一首非常古老的歌曲，因此很少有年轻人知道它。Therearen’tmanyorangeshere，butyoucantakeafewifyouwantto.这里的橘子不是很多，不过你想要的话可以拿几个。Hewasamongthefewwhohavereadit.他是少数几个读过它的人之一。7．little和alittlelittle表示否定意义，意为“很少”“几乎没有”；alittle表示肯定意义，意为“一些”“一点”。两者均只用于修饰不可数名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、定语及状语等。Ihavelittlesparetime.我几乎没有空余时间。Weknowalittleabouthislife.我们对他的生活知道一点点。8．one，another(1)one指一个或相似的一个；another指另外的一个，二者均表示泛指。(2)one可与this，that，the等连用，表示特指；another不能与这些词连用，也不能表示特指。Idon’thaveabook；canyoulendmeone?我没有书，你能借我一本吗？Pleasegivemeanotherone.请给我另一个。Thisoneisbetterthantheoneoverthere.这个比那边的那个好些。9．much和manymuch修饰或指代不可数名词，many修饰或指代可数名词复数。Hisnameisfamiliartomanypeople.他的名字为许多人所熟悉。Thechildrenhavetoomuchhomeworktodo.孩子们有太多的家庭作业要做。10.other，theother，others，theothers(1)other，others表泛指，theother，theothers表特指。(2)other和theother后可接名词，theother也可单独使用；而others和theothers则只能单独使用，不能后接名词。(3)other和theother既可表示单数也可表示复数，具体视它所代替或修饰名词的单复数而定，而others和theothers则表示复数。Don’tlaughatotherpeopleinanyplaces.在任何场合都不要嘲笑别人。Hehastwouncles.Oneisabusinessman；theotherisanengineer.他有两个叔叔，一个是商人，另一个是工程师。Don’tcutinwhenothersaretalking.别人说话时别插话。OnlyJimwasthere.Theothershadleft.只有吉姆在那儿，其余的人都离开了。11．复合不定代词复合不定代词由some，any，every，no与body，one，thing构成，如somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone，noone，something，anything，everything，nothing等。(1)不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语则须放在它们的后面。(2)指代something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词用it。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。Wecan’tdecideanythingnow.我们现在什么也不能决定。Ifyouwantanything，callme.如果你需要什么，给我打电话。Everythingwentaccordingtotheplan，didn’tit?一切都是按计划进行，不是吗？单句语法填空①Allofthestudentsareinterestedinit.②Hehastwosons，neitherofwhomisrich.③Unfortunately，Ihadlittlemoneyonme.④Theboyhadnothingtodoallday，sohefeltbored.⑤Airpollutionisgettingworse.Wemustdosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.⑥Theteacheraskedthequestionagain，butstillnobodyanswered.【基础练】Ⅰ.根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式1．Click(点击)yourmouseandthemessagecanbesenttoyourfriendinasecond.2．Withanoxygen(氧气)tankfastenedonhisback，Larrydivedintotheocean.3．Somepeopledreamofbecomingfamousovernight(一下子)．4．Alongwithothersystems(系统)，thebodyclockcontrolsthesleep/wakecycle.5．Daisyhadoneofherupper(上面的)teethpulledoutlastSunday.6．Asweknow，everytravelertoaforeigncountryfeelsawkward(尴尬的)atsomepoint.7．Firstyoushouldsetagoalwhichcanbeachievable(achieve)atthemoment.8．Infact，newequipment(equip)shouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.9．MymothergavemeahugandIcouldseesatisfaction(satisfy)inhereyes.10．Mr.Hawkingtooksomemedicinetorelieve(relief)thepaininhishead.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Totheirrelief，theyhadfoundtheirlostchild.2．Mycousinisveryparticularaboutherclothes.3．There’snodoubtthatgooddietisbeneficialtohealth.4．Doyouknowwhatjobheiscapableof?5．There’snothingtopreventyouaccepting(accept)theoffer.6．Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.7．Largeamountsofmoneywere(be)spentonthebridgelastyear.8．Reading(read)Englishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoualotofgood.9．Itisnecessaryforustopreventtheglobalwarming.10．Thedoctorsaidthatthemedicinewouldrelievemeofmyheadache.11．Pleaseforgetthemistakesyoumadeandcheerup．12．LasttermLilywasfedupwithherdeskmateandaskedMr.Greentochangeseatsforher.13．Wheneverhefeelsdown，Brucealwaysgoestomeforadvice.14．Youmustwarmupproperlysothatyoudon’thurtyourselfonthemachines.15．Muchofwhathesaidwasnewtome.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Aspeopleoftensay，practicemakesperfect.正如人们常说的那样，熟能生巧。2．Thereisnootherbetterwaytoimproveyourselfexcepthardwork.除了努力工作，没有别的可以提升自己的更好办法。3．Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguagewellintoday’sworld.在当今世界，学好一门外语是十分重要的。4．Theydon’tallowanyonetoenterthehallwithoutpermission.未经批准，他们不允许任何人进入大厅。5．Youarecapableofdoingitbetterthanthis.你有能力比这做得更好。6．Whilestandingbythewindow，henoticedthatstrangeperson.站在窗户旁边时，他注意到了那个奇怪的人。【提能练】Ⅰ.阅读理解ALastweek，wetalkedabouttheconflictbetweensleepyteenagersandearlymorningclasses.Manypeoplecommentedonourwebsite.Forexample，DamlaEceinTurkeywrote：Iagreewiththeideaofstartinglessonslatersoteenagerscanfeelbetterinthemorning.Butsleepingmorethansevenhourscanbewastingtimeforstudents.TraninVietnamdisagreed：Ithinkteenagers，onaverage，needeighttotenhoursofsleepeveryday.It’suselesstotrytoforcethemtoconcentratewhiletheycan’tconcentrate.AfshinHeydarifromIranwrote：Schoolsshouldstartearlytoavoidheavytrafficlaterinthemorning.AndSuzefromJordanwrote：WhenIwasateenager，Ienjoyedtakingmycoursesasearlyaspossible.ThatwayIcouldfindalongtimeinthedaytodomyownactivities.ButAzrafromKyrgyzstansaid：Thereasonwhyschoolsstartearlyhereisalackofclassrooms.AndJorujiinJapanwrote：WhenIwasateenager，Iusedtogetupbeforesixtogotoschool，whichwasfarfromhome，andIdon’trememberhavingproblems.IthinknowadaystheInternet，TVgamesandcellphonesmaketeensgotosleeplater.Thirty－year－oldKikainSpainsaid：Inmyopinion，youngpeopleareverylazy.ButDennisJindisagreed：ForhighschoolstudentsinChina，wemustreachclassat6：20inthemorningandbebackhomeusuallyat10：00intheevening.Thenwe’llhavesomeextraschoolworktodo.Canyouimaginehowlongcouldwesleepeveryday?Teenagersarenottheonlyoneswhosuffer.KathyinCanadawrote：Mydaughterlikescomplainingabouteverythinginthemorning，andIknowthatthisisfromlackofsleep.Iwishschoolsshouldchangetheirstarttimeto8：30or9：00inthemorning.AndNaimaStarinLibyawrote：Gettingupsoearlyinthemorningandleavingthewarmbedissodifficult，especiallyinthecoldweather.Itremindsmeofthatoldsong：“It’snicetogetupinthemorning，butit’snicertostayinbed.”【语篇解读】本文是议论文。在校青少年学生如何在课业负担沉重的情况下保证充足的睡眠一直是人们关注的问题。本文从一个网站节选了部分学生和家长对这一话题的讨论留言。1．Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom．A．apersonalletter B．atravelguideC．ageographybook D．aradiobroadcast答案D[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Manypeoplecommentedonourwebsite.”及文章中的“...wrote...”可推知，本文最可能节选自一篇电台广播稿。]2．Aboutteenagers’sleepingtime，whichpeoplebelongtoonegroup?A．Joruji，TranandKika.B．Tran，KathyandDennisJin.C．Suze，KathyandAfshinHeydari.D．Suze，TranandAfshinHeydari.答案B[细节理解题。根据文中Tran，Kathy和DennisJin三人的观点可判断，他们都赞成推迟上课时间，以延长青少年的睡眠时间。]3．FromDennisJin’swords，wecanseeheexpressedhis．A．amazement B．pleasureC．determination D．dissatisfaction答案D[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中节选的DennisJin的观点可知，他认为现在青少年的课业负担太重，睡眠时间不足。因此，他表达了他的不满。]4．Whilegivinghisview，Suzetookintoconsideration.A．hisownhabit B．politicalsituationC．schoolenvironment D．trafficconditions答案A[细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Suze借自己的个人习惯阐明了自己的观点。]BSoccerstarCarliLloydmadehistoryasamemberoftheUnitedStateswomen’snationalsoccerteam,whichwonthe2015FIFAWomen’sWorldCup.LloydbecamethefirstpersonevertoscorethreegoalsinasinglegameduringaWomen’sWorldCupfinal,helpingtheU．S.beatJapan5—2inthefinalmatch.Duringthatgame，Lloydscoredtwogoalswithinthefirstfiveminutes.Lloydwasnamedthemostvaluableplayerof2015WorldCupandwontheGoldenBallTrophy.InNovember，itwasannouncedthatLloydwasontheshortlistforFIFA’sPusksAward,fortheseason’sbestsinglegoal.ThegoalwasconsideredherthirdduringtheWorldCupfinal，whichsheshotfromthefield’shalfwayline,50yardsfromthenet.Shewastheonlywomannominated(提名)thisyear.Lloydbecameaforceinwomen’ssoccerlongbeforetheU．S.team’sWorldCupwon.ShegrewupinDelran，NewJersey,asmalltownnearPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.Shebeganplayingsocceratage5.Byhighschool，shewasapowerhouseinthesport.ThePhiladelphiaInquirernamedherGirls’HighSchoolPlayeroftheYearin1999and2000.SheattendedRutgersUniversity，inNewJerseyandgraduatedastheschool’sall－timeleaderinNewJersey,whereshewasacollegiatesoccerstar.LloydhaswontwoOlympicgoldmedals.Shehasscoredwinninggoalsinmanyimportantmatches,includingthefinalsinboththe2008and2012Olympics.Inall,Lloydhasscoredmorethan70goalsasamemberofthewomen’snationalteam.Shehasalsoplayedonseveralprofessionalteams，andiscurrentlyamidfielder(中场球员)intheUnitedStateswomen’snationalsoccerteam.Offthefield,LloydgivesbacktohercommunitybyrunningasoccercampforyoungpeopleinNewJersey.SheisahometownheroinDelran;alocalicecreamshopevennamedaflavorCarli’sCakeBatterCookieDoughKickinherhonor.【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。足球明星CarliLloyd在2015年国际足联女子世界杯决赛中成为第一位在一场比赛中进三个球的球员，赢得比赛后的CarliLloyd获得了许多荣誉，她也为回馈自己的家乡做了一些事。5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Lloyd’sinfluenceonherteam.B．Lloyd’sprogressinhercareer.C．Lloyd’sgoalsasasoccerplayer.D．Lloyd’sawardsafterhersuccess.答案D[主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要叙述Lloyd赢得比赛后所获得的奖励和荣誉。]6．WhatcanweknowaboutLloydduringcollegeinParagraph3?A．Shewasasoccerstar.B．Shestartedplayingsoccer.C．Shefailedtofinishhereducation.D．Shejoinedthenationalsoccerteam.答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“SheattendedRutgersUniversity...whereshewasacollegiatesoccerstar.”可知，Lloyd是大学的足球明星，故选A。]7．Whyisanicecreamshopmentionedinthelastparagraph?A．TostressLloydhasagreattalentinbusiness.B．TodescribeLloyd’simportantroleintheshop.C．ToshowLloyd’shighlyrespectedbypeople.D．ToproveLloyd’ssuccessasaprofessionalplayer.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Lloydgivesbacktohercommunity...inherhonor”可知，Lloyd通过为新泽西州的年轻人开一个足球训练营来回馈社区，她是Delran的家乡英雄。当地的一家冰淇淋店以Lloyd的名字命名了一种口味的冰淇淋，表达对Lloyd的敬意，故选C项。]8．Whichsectionofanewspaperisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．History. B．Sports.C．Culture. D．Politics.答案B[推理判断题。本文主要叙述了足球明星CarliLloyd在2015年国际足联女子世界杯决赛中成为第一位在一场比赛中进三个球的球员。由此可推知，本文可能出自体育版块。]Ⅱ.七选五Goodhealthandfitnessareimportanttous.1However，justafewminutesofexerciseadaycanactuallyimproveone’shealth.Whetherit’sasimplefive－minutewalkoralonghikeinthewoods，exercisecanbegoodforyouinmanyways.Herearesometipstohelpyougetfitandhealthy.2Short－termgoalsareeasytoachieve.Long－termgoalswilltakeyououtofyourcomfortzone.Forashort－termgoal，youshoulddrinkonegreendrinkeveryday.Along－termgoalwouldbetotrainfora5K，10Koranevenmoredifficulttask.Getsupportfromotherpeople.Reachingouttootherswhosharesimilargoalswillhelpyoureachyourgoalsfaster.JoinaWeightWatchersgrouporalocalwalkorrunningclubinyourarea.3Findanonlineweightlossforum(论坛)forsupport.Workoutwhileyou’redoingsomethingelse.Any