初中一年级下学期英语《Unit 12 Section A Grammar Focus》教学设计

Unit12SectionAGrammarFocus一般过去时态(SimplePastTense)一般过去时一般现在时定义表示过去某个时间存在的状态：Iwasastudentin2020Theywerehappyyesterday.表示过去发生的动作：Hewenttoschoolbybuslastyear.表示现阶段存在的状态IamstudentsnowTheyarealwayshappy.表示现阶段经常发生的动作;Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.3）表示客观事实、永恒的真理。时间标志词yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening…)lastnight(week,month,year…)thismorning/afternoontwodaysago,aweekago,threeyearsago…theotherday(night)(不久前某一天/夜)in2020,(in1998…)根据上下文意思often,usually,sometimes,always,everyday,everyweekend,everymorning注意:often,usually,sometimes等表示过去常常、通常、有时候做某事时用一般过去时态。一般过去时结构：含有be动词的句型结构一般过去时注：陈述句主语+be(was/were)+adj./n..Shewasastudent5yearsago.Theywereatschoolyesterday.Thereweretwoapplesonthedeskjustnow.否定句主语+be(was/were)+not+adj./n..Shewasn’tastudent5yearsago.Theyweren’tatschoolyesterday.Thereweren’ttwoapplesonthedeskjustnow.wasnot=wasn’t;weren’t=werenot一般疑问句Be(Was/Were)+主语+adj./n.?Wassheastudent5yearsold?Weretheyatschoolyesterday?Weretheretwoapplesonthedeskjustnow?回答：Yes,…was/were.No,….wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be(was/were)+主语+adj./n.？Whatwasshe5yearsago?Whereweretheyyesterday?Whatwasonthedeskjustnow?实意动词的句型结构一般过去时陈述句主语+v(过去式)+（其它）Itrainedheavilyyesterday.Theywenttoschoolbybusthismorning.无人称变化否定句主语+didn’t+v(原形)+（其它）Itdidn’trainheavilyyesterday.Theydidn’tgotoschoolbybusthismorning.didn’t=didnot一般疑问句Did+主语+v(原形)+(其它)?Diditrainheavilyyesterday?Yes,itdid.No,itdidn’tDidtheygotoschoolbybusthismorning?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+did+主语+v.(其它)？Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?Whatdidtheydothismorning?同一般疑问句，助动词do/does变为did。规则动词过去式的构成和发音如下：一般在动词原形末尾加-edlooklooked/t/playplayed/d/startstarted/id/过去式“-ed”的发音规则：

（1）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。

help→helped;like→liked;look→looked；watch→watched（2）动词词尾为浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。

call→called;stay→stayed;cry→cried（3）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，

want→wanted;need→needed

结尾是e的动词加-dlivelived/d/hopehoped/t/likeliked/t/末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopstopped/t/shopshopped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudystudied/id/carrycarried/id/很多动词的过去式是不规则的，可参见英语书后面第141页的不规则动词表。写出下列动词的过去式：look________ watch________ relax________ rain________visit________ pick_________ enjoy________ play________live________ use__________ hope_________ like________stop________ shop_________ study_________ worry_______am/is_______ are_________ bring_________ buy_________come_______ cut_________ do/does_______ draw________drink_______ drive________ eat___________ feed________feel________ fight________ find_________ fly__________forget_______ get_________ go__________ grow________have/has_____ hear________ keep________ know________leave_______ let_________ lose_________ make________meet_______ pay________ put_________ read_________ride________ run________ say_________ see__________sell________ sing________ sit__________ sleep_