小学英语五升六暑期讲义第10讲：介词与数词专题（学生版）

课程主题：介词与数词专题讲解授课时间：学习目标掌握数词的相关用法和考点；2.掌握介词的相关用法和考点。教学内容【进门测试】1.I’dlike__________(wash)clothes.2.Lethim__________(put)booksontheshelf.3.Ilike__________(walk)thedogafterdinner.4.Mylittlebrothercan’t__________(sweep)thefloor.5.There__________(be)anybreadonthetable.6.Billyisgoodat__________(skate)ontheice.7.Billylikes__________inthe__________room.(read)8.Where__________SuHai__________?She__________onSunStreet.(live)9.Ican’tplaybasketball.Mybrothercan’tplaybasketball__________(too).10..Hisfather_______(work)inthecity,andhismotherisa_______(teach).11.Mybirthdayison__________(nineteen)ofApril.12.__________(Tim)birthdayisonthe30thofAugust.13.Canyouhelp__________(I),Bobby?14.What’swrongwith__________(she)?15.Helenlikes__________(eat)sweets.【多元导学】【互动精讲】数词【知识梳理1】数词的概述数词分为基数词和序数词。【知识梳理2】基数词例：one,two,three,four…像这样表示数目数字的词叫基数词。1、基数词的写法：(1)1~12：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve(2)13~19：以-teen为结尾：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen(3)20~90:以-ty结尾：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety(4)21~99:十位与个位之间要加连字符“—”:twenty-one,sixty-five,ninety-nine总结：1one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty21twenty-one3three13thirteen30thirty32thirty-two4four14fourteen40forty43forty-three5five15fifteen50fifty54fifty-four6six16sixteen60sixty65sixty-five7seven17seventeen70seventy76seventy-six8eight18eighteen80eighty87eighty-seven9nine19nineteen90ninety98ninety-eight10ten100onehundred基数词的读法：（1）基本掌握：百：hundred；千：thousand；百万：million；十亿：billion这些单词后面不加s，除非特殊情况，成百上千hundredsof，成千上万thousandsof，上百万的millionsof，在英式英语中，一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and”，但美式英语中则不用。（2）例子说明：202读作：twohundredandtwo234读作：twohundredandthirty-four1,234读作：onethousand,twohundredandthirty-four3,077读作：threethousand,andseventy-seven11,234读作：eleventhousand,twohundredandthirty-four155,721读作：onehundredandfifty-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwenty-one6,155,702读作：sixmillion,onehundredandfifty-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwo26,000,008读作：twenty-sixmillion,andeight【知识梳理3】序数词例：first,second,third…像这样表示顺序次第的词叫序数词。序数词的写法：=1\*GB3①序数词一般是以与之相适应的基数词加词尾th构成，如：seventh,tenth…=2\*GB3②特殊的变化：one(first),two(second),three(third),five(fifth),eight(eighth),nine(ninth),twelve(twelfth)=3\*GB3③以-ty结尾的词，要先变y为i,再加eth,如：twenty(twentieth),forty(fortieth).=4\*GB3④以one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine收尾的多位数词，要按照第一条变法变。如：twenty-one(twenty-first),thirty-two(thirty-second),forty-five(forty-fifth)1、基数词变序数词口诀来啦1、基数词变序数词口诀来啦一二三，自己记，（词尾分别tdd）五和十二f替ve，八省t，九去e，遇到y变ie，再加th，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以，其他全部加th。2、序数词表示日期2001年6月30日译为June30,2001/June30th,2001/thethirtiethofJune,2001【例题精讲】例1.--When’syourbirthday?--It’sonthe________（3）ofDecember.例2.--What______isittoday?--It’sthesecondofJanuary.A.dateB.dayC.colourD.time【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Westillneed(nine)morechairsforthemeetingroom.2.Eric,the(five)sonofthefamily,hasaspecialinterestinphysics.【知识梳理4】数词的某些用法1、表示计量：表示事物的计量，即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度，应采用基数词。如：Itis50metres/kilometers/mileslong(wide,deep,high).它有50米/千米/英里长（宽、深、高）。2、表示编号：编号的数字如果过小，可用序数词或基数词表示；如果数字较大，通常用基数词表示。如：Thetenthlesson=LessonTen

第10课

Room405

第405号房

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No.14MiddleSchool

第14中学

TelephoneNO.5855806

电话：5855806表示不确切的数字：基数词后面直接加上复数名词表示精确的数字，而基数词复数形式加上“of”表示确切的数字。如：fivehundredstudents

500名学生

twothousandpeople

2000人

hundredsofstudents

几百名学生

millionsofworkers

数百万的工人表示年龄的主要句式如下如：

Heisaboyof10yearsold.

Heis10yearsold.

Attheageoften,hebegantolearnEnglish.

Heis10(yearsofage).

Heisaten-year-oldboy.

5、基数词表示时刻（1）顺读法：钟点+分钟（按照顺序用基数词直接说：先说时，再说分）逆读法：分钟+钟点7:25seventwenty-fivetwenty-fivepastseven12:54twelvefiftyfoursixtoone9:15ninefifteenaquarterpastnine2:30twothirtyhalfpasttwo方法总结：顺读法比较简单直接按顺序说即可，逆读法借助to和past可以通过下面的公式记忆：分<30分past时分>30分to时+1分=30halfpast时分=15aquarterpast/to时（2）钟点时刻前介词用at，如：在9点15分ataquarterpastnine复习：at用于：时刻，三餐，年龄，节日（无day）in用于某年，某月，某季节on用于具体某一天，如：onSundaymorning,onacoldmorning,onthemorningofSeptember25th.onSunday,onthefirstofJune等。

【例题精讲】例1.Linglingisin__________.A.ClassFour,GradeSixB.Gradesix,ClassFourC.Classfour,gradesixD.Grade6,Class4例2.Wearelearning___________

now.

A.thetwenty-firstlesson

B.LessonTwenty-firstC.the21thlesson

D.Lesson21st例3.Igetupaboutsevenfifty-five.A.in B.onC.at D.for【巩固练习】1.Nanhuidistrictwillprovidefivesquaremetersofcheaperhouses.A.millionsofB.millionsC.millionD.millionof2.Wewillbegladtocelebrateourmotherland,China'sbirthdayonOctober1st,2009.(sixty)3.用past或to的句型。(1)Whattimeisit?(8:30)It’s___________________________.(2)Whatisit?(9:15)It’s___________________________.(3)Whattimeisit?(7:45)It’s___________________________.(4)Whatwasthedate?(1893年1月26日)It____________________________________________________________________.名词【知识梳理1】基本概念名词是表示人或物、地点、行为、感情以及抽象概念的词。是世界上万事万物的名称。【知识梳理2】基本分类名词专有名词（首字母大写）普通名词可数名词个体名词（个别人或事物football,factory）集体名词（若干个个体组成的集体class,army）不可数名词物质名称（无法分为个体的事物milk,water）抽象名词（动作、状态等抽象概念love,interest）专有名词：表示某一特定的人、月份、节日、地名、机构等。例：SongWei,July,China普通名词：表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。可分为可数名词和不可数名词。【知识梳理3】可数名词的复数变化1、五种规则变化※直接加-s的占多数；如：bookstudentcomputerbasketmovieapplekey※词尾若是-s，-x，-ch，sh，直接加上-es；如：busboxclasswatchbrushmatchglassdish※“辅音字母+y”，要把y变为i再加-es；如：babyladyfamilycitystoryfactorycountryhobby如果是元音字母+y，直接+s；如：toydayboykey※词尾若是f或fe，加-s之前要把f或fe变为ve；如：leaf→leaves、half→halves、wife→wives、knife→knives、shelf→shelves、wolf→wolves;thief→thieves※词尾若是o，加-es的有Negro，hero，mango，tomato和potato；其他加s。2、五种不规则变化※单复同形：sheep,deer,fish※变元音：foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice※变词尾：ox-oxen公牛,child-children孩子口诀一：中日不变英法变，其余一律加-s；口诀一：中日不变英法变，其余一律加-s；口诀二：中日友谊是一致，英法联盟a改e，其他一律加-s。不变：Chinese-Chinese中国人Japanese-Japanese日本人词尾加-s：如：German-Germans德国人Russian-Russians俄罗斯人Roman-Romans罗马American-Americans美国人Australian-Australians澳大利亚人Indian-Indians印度人变man为men：Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人Englishman-Englishmen英国人German-Germans是陷阱※复合名词：（1）直接把后面的名词变复数；如：tooth-brushes（牙刷），appletree→appletrees（苹果树）（2）由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词，两部分皆变。如：mandriver-mendrivers,womandoctor-womendoctors3、只有复数形式的名词：一些学科名词：mathematics（数学）,physics（物理学）,politics（政治学）等由两部分组成：pants,trousers,jeans,shorts,glasses,chopsticks,scissors,socks,gloves等【例题精讲】写出以下单词的复数形式：toy-__________dish-__________mango-__________map-__________leaf-__________sheep-__________tooth-__________woman-_________factory-__________zoo-__________ship-__________radio-__________German-__________Chinese-__________Englishman-__________【巩固练习】判断下列句子的正误，正确的填“T”，错误的填“F”，并改正：1.I’dlikesometomatosforlunch.()2.Howmanyphotoscanyousee?()3.TherearetwobigzoosinShanghai.()4.Tomlikescollectingleafves.()5.ZhangPengiscatchingbutterflysnow.()【知识梳理4】不可数名词表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词。它们前面不能用a/an，没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如：rubbish，milk，rice，soup，water，money，meat等。1、常考不可数名词water,air,snow,work,homework,housework,paper(water,air,snow,work,homework,housework,paper(纸),time(时间),music,weather,news,fish(鱼肉),exercise（锻炼）,room（空间）,information。2、不可数名词的量aglassofwater一杯水acupoftea一杯茶abottleofmilk一瓶牛奶apieceofbread一片面包abasketoffood一篮食物apieceofnews/bread一条消息/一片面包twobagsofrice两袋米threecupsofcoffee三杯咖啡fivekilosofmeat五公斤肉twopiecesofbread两片面包注意：一些可数名词也可以用单位词表示量：单位词和名词同时变复数如：twobagsofapplesfourpoundsoftomatoes四磅西红柿room（空间）—rooms（房间）room（空间）—rooms（房间）work（工作）—works（著作）glass（玻璃）—glasses（眼镜）time（时间）—-times（倍数，次数，时代）paper（纸）—papers（试卷，证件，报纸）fruit（水果）—fruits(各种水果)drink（饮料）—drinks（各种饮料）【例题精讲】翻译短语和句型：例1.一杯牛奶__________________三杯咖啡_________________例2.有一些面包在冰箱里。___________________________________________________【巩固练习】用be的适当形式填空：1.There________(be)somegreentreeshere.2.There________(be)somemilkinthebottle.3.There_________(be)someeggsandsomebreadonthetable.4.There_________(be)somebreadandsomeeggsonthetable.【知识梳理5】名词所有格名词所有格是表示人或物品的所属关系，它有两种形式：“’s所有格”和“of所有格”。1、’s所有格构成形式1)首先判断好名词的单复数，其次，若名词以s结尾，为避免重复，直接加’;若名词没有以s结尾，则加’s如：Lucy’shair,mymother’sbag,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,students’readingroom学生们的阅览室2)表示时间，距离的词的所有格加’s，以s结尾只加’，如：fiveminutes’walk2、共同所有格与个体所有格如：She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一个母亲)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母亲)3、of所有格构成形式如果名词代表的事物是无生命的，常用“of+名词”来表示它的所有格，翻译时采用倒叙。如：thewindowsoftheclassroom教室的窗户窗户的教室4、双重所有格：of+名词所有格，如：afriendofmine我的一个朋友如何判断是共同拥有还是分别拥有，需要根据所有格后面名词的单复数进行判断，如果是单数，就表明是共同拥有，如果是复数，就表明是分别拥有。【例题精讲】例1.Thisisnotmydictionary（字典）.It’s________.Shelent（借出）ittomethismorning.A.mysisterB.mysistersC.mysister’sD.mysisters【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Ifoundsomethingimportantin__________(today)newspaper.

2.Chocolateisusuallythe_________(child)favoritefood.【课堂检测】一、单项选择。()1.Myhomeisabout___________awayfromtheschool.

A.ninetymetre

B.ninetymetresC.ninetymetre

D.nintymetres()2.Thisisher__________birthday.

A.twenty

B.twentieth

C.thetwentieth

D.thetwenty’s

()3.Thebookcost(花费)me_________yuan.

A.fourty-five

B.fortyfiveC.forty-five

D.fourtyfive

()4.--Whatdayisittoday?

--___________

A.June

B.Tuesday

C.Itishot

D.It’sNovember13th

()5.--What’sthedatetoday?

--___________.

A.It’sSaturday

B.It’sJuly

C.It’sfine

D.It’sJuly15th()6.Jimisin__________.

A.classone,gradesix

B.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSix

D.GradeOne,ClassSix()7.Mrs.Green’s______sonisinJapannow.A.twoB.secondC.2thD.thesecond二、根据句意，从括号里选择正确的单词填空完成句子。1.--Howmanyapplesarethere?--There’re________(fourth,four).2.Thereare_______(twelve,twelfth)monthsayear.3.--Whatdateisittoday?--It’sthe______(six,sixth)ofJanuary.4.Thereare_____(forty,fourty,fourteen)studentsinourclass.Thatis19boysand21girls.

【名词练习】单项选择()1.Thereare________onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.photoesB.photosC.photo()2.I’dlikesome________.A.tomatoB.tomatosC.tomatoes()3.Allmy________tomybirthdaypartylastnight.

A.friendscameB.friendcameC.friendscome()4.--Whereare________?--Theyareonthechair.

A.Tony'sbooksB.Tony'sbookC.Tonybooks()5.Isawmany________inthestreet.A.peoplesB.peopleC.people’s()6.Thegreensweaterishis________.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’s()7.Thepighasfour________.A.footB.feetC.foots()8.Mytwobrothersareboth________.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen

()9.Icanseeten________inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig

()10.Thegirloftenbrushesher________beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth【要点回顾】1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结；2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，可采用表格、思维导图等形式呈现。【温故知新】一、请写出下列词的复数形式，没有复数形式的请划出/。

city______________zoo______________man______________water______________mouse______________boy______________broom______________juice______________horse______________fox______________

thief_____________baby______________radio______________piano______________leaf______________life______________woman______________child______________foot______________deer______________watch______________diary______________day______________branch______________dress______________

sheep______________tea______________rice______________

strawberry___________

peach______________sandwich______________milk______________二、单项选择。()1.The________inouryardareverybeautiful.

A.clothB.waterC.flowersD.news()2.TomisoneoftheChinese________inourschool.

A.boyB.boysC.boiesD.babys()3.Acathasfour________.

A.footsB.feetC.feetsD.foot

()4.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?

A.fishB.bookC.horseD.bird()5.The________hastwo________.

A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watchD.boys;watches()6.Theycomefromdifferent________.A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()7.Howmany________doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato()8.Therearesome________inthese________.A.knifes,pencil-boxesB.knives,pencils-boxC.knives,pencil-boxD.knives,pencil-boxes()9.Thereisno________intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs三、填入所给名词的正确形式。1.Ihavetwo____________(knife).2.Therearemany___________(box)here.3.Therearemany___________(bus)ontheroad.4.Afew___________(boy)aredrawingonthewall.5.The______________(child)areplayingfootballnow.6.Pleasetaketwo_______________(p