广东省深圳市深圳高级中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题

深圳高级中学(集团)20222023学年第二学期期中测试题高一英语注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。3.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上:不准使用铅笔和涂改液。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATherearemanypodcasts(播客)thatteachEnglishandyoucanlistentothemanytime.Hereisalistofsomeofthebestpodcaststhatyoumustsee.LearnEnglishPodcastThispodcasthasthreelevels.Thefirstisforbeginners,thesecondisforintermediates(中级学生)andthethirdisforupperintermediates.IfapersonwantstolearnBusinessEnglish,thenepisodesarealsomadeforhim.Everypodcastisshortbutveryinformative.Worksheetsandvocabularytasksarealsoincluded.SpeakingBroadlyThispodcastismadeforadvancedlearners.Explainedthroughdiscussionandinterviews,eachepisodehasnonnativeEnglishspeakersandeveryrecordingalsohasexpertfeedback.YouwillseesomemonmistakesmadebyEnglishlearnersandyoucanimproveyourEnglishbylearningfromthosemistakes.TheEnglishWeSpeakThispodcastairsoneepisodedailyandeveryepisodeisonlythreetofourminutes,whichtalksaboutphrasesandidioms.Therearetwopeopleineachepisodewhomunicatewitheachother.Whateverlevelyouare,youwillfinditrewardingElementaryPodcastThispodcastismainlyforbeginnersandintermediatelevellearners.Thelengthofapodcastisaround25minutesbutyoucanpauseitanytimeandcontinuewheneveryouwant.Thehostsofeachepisodearedifferent.1.Whichpodcastprovidesexercisesgoingwithit?A.LearnEnglishPodcast. B.SpeakingBroadly.C.TheEnglishWeSpeak D.ElementaryPodcast.2.WhatdoweknowaboutSpeakingBroadly?A.Itrecordsjustexpertspeakers. B.Itaimsatbeginners.C.Itpresentssometypicalmistakes. D.Itprovidesfeedbackfromlisteners.3.WhatdoTheEnglishWeSpeakandElementaryPodcasthaveinmon?A.Theyhavethesamelength. B.Theyarebothinteractive.C.Theysharethesamecontents. D.Theyaresuitableforbeginners.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可以帮助英语学习的英语播客。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据LearnEnglishPodcast部分的“Everypodcastisshortbutveryinformative.Worksheetsandvocabularytasksarealsoincluded.(每个播客都很短，但信息量很大。还包括活页练习题和词汇任务)”可知，LearnEnglishPodcast提供了活页练习题和词汇练习。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据SpeakingBroadly部分的“YouwillseesomemonmistakesmadebyEnglishlearnersandyoucanimproveyourEnglishbylearningfromthosemistakes.(你会看到英语学习者犯的一些常见错误，你可以通过从这些错误中学习来提高你的英语水平。)”可知，该播客提供了英语学习者会常犯的错误。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据TheEnglishWeSpeak部分的“Whateverlevelyouare,youwillfinditrewarding.(无论你是什么水平，你都会发现它是有益的)”和ElementaryPodcast中的“Thispodcastismainlyforbeginnersandintermediatelevellearners.(该播客主要面向初学者和中级学习者)”可知，TheEnglishWeSpeak和ElementaryPodcast这两个博客的共同之处在于两者都适合初学者。故选D项。BIworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2to3weekoldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasacpaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.4.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?AEffortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.5.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.6.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.7.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheouteoftheevent?A.It’sunexpected.B.It’sbeautiful.C.It’shumorous.D.It’sdiscouraging.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2to3weekoldowl可知，有人给作者打是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据前文描述可知，作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。CYouaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimorcreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad,andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems,thusinternalizing(内化)yourvictimization.Thetruthis,yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities,yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish(沉溺)inanger,guilt,andotheremotionsthatcauseothersandeventhemselvestofeellikevictims,too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove,inspiration,andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves,butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives.Inreality,allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives.Oneperson,onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship,mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief,thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance,youcanchoosetohavefiller,richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin,andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.8.Whatdoestheword“They”inparagraph1probablyreferto?A.Peopleandthingsaroundyou. B.Opportunitiesandproblems.C.Creatorsandtheirchoices. D.Victimsandtheirsufferings.9.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators________.A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlife B.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewisely D.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew10.TheexamplesmentionedinParagraph4showthat________.A.differentreactionstosufferingsleadtodifferentlifepaths.B.peopleneedfamilysupporttodealwithchallengersinlife.C.ittakescreatorsquitealongtimetogetridoftheirpains.D.one’sexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardlife.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Todefinevictimsandcreators.B.Toevaluatevictimsagainstcreators.C.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandcreators.D.Tosuggestthetransformationfromvictimstocreators.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过对比选择成为生活的受害者或创造者对生活产生的不同影响来告诫我们要改变我们看待事情的观念，使自己从受害者的角色变为创造者。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段前四句“Youaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimorcreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad,andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.”（在生活中，你有很多机会选择成为受害者或创造者。当你选择成为受害者时，这个世界是一个冷酷而艰难的地方。“他们”对你做了一些事，造成了你所有的痛苦和折磨。“他们”是错误的，坏的，只要“他们”在身边，生活就很可怕。）可知，当自己选择成为受害者时，对周围的人和物会持消极否定的态度，认为他们造成了自己的痛苦，使自己的生活苦不堪言，故这里“They”指代周围的人和物。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.”（他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣时刻的舞蹈都是一份礼物，暴风雨是生命中自然的一部分，可以带来情感和精神成长所需的雨水。）可知，创造者对待生命中的福与祸都持积极乐观的态度。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段后两句“Oneperson,onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship,mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief,thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.”（一个人，在失去一份工作或结束一段特殊的关系时，可能会觉得好像是世界末日，陷入几个月、几年甚至一生的可怕痛苦中。另一个有同样经历的人可能会选择先经历悲伤，然后接受损失，很快就会爆发他生命中强大的创造力。）可知，面对痛苦，有的人可能从此一蹶不振，但有的人能够克服痛苦，成为更强大的自己，故而对痛苦的不同反应导致了不同的人生道路。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance,youcanchoosetohavefiller,richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin,andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare”（在任何时刻、任何情况下，你都可以通过设定一个清晰的意图来改变内心受害者的角色，并邀请你这个强大的创造者的角色进入你的生活，从而选择充实、丰富的生活。）并结合上文对受害者和创造者对待生活不同态度的论述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了改变我们看待事情的观念，使自己从受害者的角色变为创造者。故选D项。DAnewstudyhasfoundthatachild’sreadingspeedcanbeimprovedbysimplyincreasingthespacebetweenletterswithinapieceoftext.Theresearch,ledbyDrStevenStaggofAngliaRuskinUniversity(ARU),examinedthebenefitsofletterspacingandcolouredoverlays(颜色标注)amongchildren.Twogroupsofchildren,dyslexic(有阅读障碍的)andnondyslexicchildren,wereaskedtoreadfourtextswitheitherstandardorextralargeletterspacing,bothwithandwithoutacolouredoverlay.Theywereinstructedtoreadthetextoutloudwhilebeingrecorded.Therecordingwasusedtomeasurethenumberoferrorstheymade—specificallymissedwords,addedwords,wrongwords,andpronunciation—aswellastheparticipants’readingtime.Thestudydiscoveredthattextwithincreasedspacebetweenlettersprovidedabenefitforbothgroups.Onaverage,thedyslexiagroupshoweda13%increaseinreadingspeed,whilethegroupofnondyslexicchildrenshoweda5%increase.Inadditiontoimprovingreadingspeed,italsoresultedinasignificantdeclineinthenumberofwordsmissedbythechildrenwithdyslexia.However,thestudyfoundthatcolouredoverlayshadnosignificantimpactonreadingspeedorthereductionoferrorsforeithergroup.DrStagg,SeniorLecturerinPsychologyatARU,said,“Webelieveextralargeletterspacingworksbyreducingwhatisknownasthe‘crowdingeffect’,whichcanhampertherecognitionoflettersandreducereadingspeed.”“Ourfindingsstronglysuggestthatteacherscanbeconfidentthatallchildrenwouldbehelpedbyincreasedletterspacinginreadingmaterials.”DrStaggadded.Whilewefoundthatcolouredoverlaysprovidedlittlebenefit,wesuggestchildrenshouldbeencouragedtouseoverlaysiftheyfindthesehelptheirreading.Colouredoverlaysmaynotincreasereadingspeeds,buttheymayextendreadingstamina(持久力).Previousresearchsuggeststheirbenefitsmaynotbeeapparentifreadingtimeislessthan10minutesandtheshortreadingdurationofthetestsinourstudymayhaveputcolouredoverlaysatadisadvantage.12.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheresearchprocessinparagraph2?A.Illustrate,groupandreport. B.Read,instructandmeasure.C.Question,assumeandprove. D.Categorize,recordandcount.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutincreasedletterspacingfromparagraph3?A.Itreducesreadingerrors. B.Itsharpensreadingskills.C.Itarousesreadinginterest. D.Itenhancesreadingprehension.14Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Obtain. B.Prevent. C.Change. D.Involve.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcolouredoverlaysfromparagraph5?A.Theymightworkbetterinshortreading.B.Theymightnotberemendedbyexperts.C.Theymightnothavebeenevaluatedfairly.D.Theymighthavesomedisadvantages.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，只要增加一篇文章中字母之间的间隔，就可以提高孩子的阅读速度。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Twogroupsofchildren,dyslexic(有阅读障碍的)andnondyslexicchildren,wereaskedtoreadfourtextswitheitherstandardorextralargeletterspacing,bothwithandwithoutacolouredoverlay.Theywereinstructedtoreadthetextoutloudwhilebeingrecorded.Therecordingwasusedtomeasurethenumberoferrorstheymade—specificallymissedwords,addedwords,wrongwords,andpronunciation—aswellastheparticipants’readingtime.Thestudydiscoveredthattextwithincreasedspacebetweenlettersprovidedabenefitforbothgroups.Onaverage,thedyslexiagroupshoweda13%increaseinreadingspeed,whilethegroupofnondyslexicchildrenshoweda5%increase.(两组儿童，诵读困难儿童和非诵读困难儿童，被要求阅读四篇有标准或超大字母间距的文本，有或没有彩色覆盖。他们被要求在录音的同时大声朗读课文。这段录音被用来测量他们所犯错误的数量——特别是漏读的单词、加的单词、错误的单词和发音——以及参与者的阅读时间。)”可知，第二段中的研究过程包括分类，记录和计数。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Inadditiontoimprovingreadingspeed,italsoresultedinasignificantdeclineinthenumberofwordsmissedbythechildrenwithdyslexia.(除了提高阅读速度外，它还显著减少了患有阅读障碍的儿童遗漏的单词数量。)”可知，增加的字母间距减少了阅读错误。故选A。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“reducereadingspeed(降低阅读速度)”可知，划线词所在句表示“我们认为超大的字母间隔可以通过减少所谓的‘拥挤效应’来发挥作用，这种效应会阻碍字母的识别，降低阅读速度”，划线词hamper的意思是“阻碍”，和prevent意思相近，故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“Previousresearchsuggeststheirbenefitsmaynotbeeapparentifreadingtimeislessthan10minutesandtheshortreadingdurationofthetestsinourstudymayhaveputcolouredoverlaysatadisadvantage.(之前的研究表明，如果阅读时间少于10分钟，它们的好处可能不会显现出来，而我们研究中测试的短阅读时间可能会使彩色覆盖处于不利地位。)”可知，彩色覆盖可能没有得到公平的评估。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Technologyisheretostay.___16___.However,theyareoftenunsureonhowtohelpchildrenusetechnologyresponsiblyandkeepabalancebetweenonlineandofflinetime.Herearesometips.HaveadevicecontractHavingadeviceusagecontractallowsparentsandchildrentoworkthroughwhatresponsibletechnologyusagelookslikeinyourfamilyandensurethateveryoneisaware.___17___.Kidsaremorelikelytomakesenseofthereasonsyouhaveforrestriction.___18___Althoughthistipseemslikemonsense,itisoftendifficultduetothedemandofworkandtheexpectationofbeingconstantlyconnected.Byensuringyoubuildofflinetimeintoyourowndayandmunicatethatwithyourchildren,theywillseethevalueandbenefits.Whetheryouarereadingabookorjusttakingawalk,lettingyourchildrenbeawareofyourofflineactionswillencouragethemtodothesame!EncouragenontechactivitiesOnegreatwaytokeepkidsofftheirscreensistoensurethattheyhaveotheractivitiestofilltheirtime.___19___.Theseactivitiesarealsogreatwaystohelpchildrentodeveloptheirsocialskillsandconfidence.TechfreefamilytimeOnceaweek,pencilina“techfreefamilytime”inyourschedule.Itcanbeamealortrip.Tohelpincreasethesuccessofoutings,trydesigningspecialactivities,i.e.,goingtothebeachtobuildasandcastlethatlooksthesameasaphotoyouhavefoundonline.___20___A.ModelgoodtechnologyuseB.municatewithchildrenC.AlittleextraplanninggoesalongwayD.ThecontractishelpfultothesettlementofconflictsE.ParentsareseeingmoretechnologyintheirhomesandjobsF.Also,draftingthecontracttogetherpromotesunderstandingG.Thiscaneinavarietyofforms:soccer,fencingandmore【答案】16.E17.F18.A19.G20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就家长如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡，提了几个建议。【16题详解】本段小标题“Technologyisheretostay.”提到了技术无处不在。下文中的“However,theyareoftenunsureonhowtohelpchildrenusetechnologyresponsiblyandkeepabalancebetweenonlineandofflinetime.(然而，他们往往不确定如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡)”提到家长们不确定如何帮孩子，E选项“Parentsareseeingmoretechnologyintheirhomesandjobs(家长们在家里和工作上看到更多的技术)”和下文一致，并且“Parents”和下文中的“they”是一致的。故选E。【17题详解】本段小标题是“Haveadevicecontract(签订设备合同)”，上文“Havingadeviceusagecontractallowsparentsandchildrentoworkthroughwhatresponsibletechnologyusagelookslikeinyourfamilyandensurethateveryoneisaware.(签订设备使用合同可以让父母和孩子了解家庭中负责任的技术使用情况，并确保每个人都知道)”是签订合同的好处之一。F选项“Also,draftingthecontracttogetherpromotesunderstanding(此外，共同起草合同可以促进理解)”和上文是递进关系，意思上一致。故选F项。【18题详解】下文中的“Byensuringyoubuildofflinetimeintoyourowndayandmunicatethatwithyourchildren,theywillseethevalueandbenefits.Whetheryouarereadingabookorjusttakingawalk,lettingyourchildrenbeawareofyourofflineactionswillencouragethemtodothesame!(通过确保你将离线时间融入自己的一天，并与你的孩子沟通，他们将看到其价值和好处。无论你是在看书还是只是散步，让你的孩子知道你的离线行为都会鼓励他们也这么做！)”可知，本段是在说父母给孩子展示技术在工作和生活中的应用。A选项“Modelgoodtechnologyuse(示范良好的技术使用)”能概括本段，作为小标题。故选A项。【19题详解】本段小标题是“Encouragenontechactivities(鼓励非科技活动)”，上文“Onegreatwaytokeepkidsofftheirscreensistoensurethattheyhaveotheractivitiestofilltheirtime.(让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法是确保他们有其他活动来打发时间)”提到让孩子远离屏幕的活动，G选项“Thiscaneinavarietyofforms:soccer,fencingandmore(这可以有多种形式：足球，击剑和更多)”是一些具体的例子，意思和前文一致。故选G项。【20题详解】本段小标题是“Techfreefamilytime(无科技家庭时间)”，前文“Tohelpincreasethesuccessofoutings,trydesigningspecialactivities,i.e.,goingtothebeachtobuildasandcastlethatlooksthesameasaphotoyouhavefoundonline.(为了提高郊游的成功率，可以尝试设计一些特别的活动，比如去海滩建造一座看起来和你在网上找到的照片一样的沙堡)”是说明在无科技家庭时间中父母的一些计划安排。C选项“Alittleextraplanninggoesalongway(一点额外的计划会大有帮助)”符合语境。故选C项。第二部分完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inmanyways,GitanjaliRaoisanordinary11yearold,livelyandchatty,yetherscientificspiritmakesahugedifference.Lastmonth,she____21____thetopprizeattheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScicntistChallengeforherinvention.What____22____Gitanjali’sworkwasthathercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater.”Theideadidn’t____23____tomeuntilIsawmypatentstrytodowatertests.Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults,whichweren’tvery____24____.”Sherecalls.Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedeffortsand____25____foundthatcarbonnanotube(纳米管)sensorscanbeusedtosensechemicals.Gitanjali____26____tobuildasmallbluehousingusingthe3Dprinteratherschoolwithputerchipsandabatteryinside.Afreeapp,whichGitanjalidesignedunder____27____fromherputerscienceteacher,givesinstant____28____andsendsthedatatoalinkedphonethroughanattacheddevice.Theprocessofdesigningherprojectwasn’talways____29____,though.KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjaliasherteacherinsummer,_____30_____alongtheway.Intheawardceremony,Gitanjalialso_____31_____herparentswithconstantsupportand_____32_____totry“crazyideas”.Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat_____33_____ofwinningthecontest.AccordingtoShafer,who_____34_____Gitanjali,“sheshowsalotofmotivationtosolve_____35_____issuesthroughscience”.21.A.earned B.designed C.offered D.made22.A.exposed B.improved C.defined D.inspired23.A.stick B.belong C.occur D.apply24A.simple B.reliable C.predictable D.creative25.A.eventually B.immediately C.temporarily D.initially26.A.managed B.promised C.pretended D.happened27.A.observation B.mand C.instruction D.control28.A.access B.results C.decisions D.approval29.A.optional B.plete C.continuous D.smooth30.A.changed B.helped C.risked. D.followed31.A.stresses B.credits C.impresses D.provides32.A.encouragement B.request C.struggle D.pressure33.A.fortune B.intention C.honor D.potential34.A.keepswith B.getsalongwith C.takescareof D.speakshighlyof35.A.mercial B.academic C.practical D.systematic【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.B25.A26.A27.C28.B29.D30.B31.B32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁的Gitanjali是一个普通的女孩，她的科学精神产生了巨大的影响。她因其发明在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中获得了最高奖项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她凭借自己的发明在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中获得了最高奖项。A.earned赢得；B.designed设计；C.offered提供；D.made制作。由上文“Inmanyways,GitanjaliRaoisanordinary11yearold,livelyandchatty,yetherscientificspiritmakesahugedifference.”和下文“thetopprizeattheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScicntistChallengeforherinvention.”可知，她在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中赢得了最高奖项，故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali的工作之所以受到启发，是因为她的城市面临着水资源紧急情况，水中铅含量过高。A.exposed暴露；B.improved提高；C.defined下定义；D.inspired鼓舞；启发。由下文“hercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater.”可知，Gitanjali的城市面临着水资源紧急情况，水中铅含量过高，这启发了她，故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到我的专利试图在做水测试，我才想到这个主意。A.stick粘；B.belong属于；C.occur发生；（想法）产生；D.apply应用。由上文“Theideadidn’”和下文“tome”可知，她想到了这个主意，sth.occurtosb.意为“某人突然想起某事”，故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，这些结果并不十分可靠。A.simple简单的；B.reliable可靠的；C.predictable可预测的；D.creative有创造力的。由上文“Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults”可知，这些试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，所以这些结果并不十分可靠，故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质。A.eventually最后；B.immediately马上；C.temporarily暂时地；D.initially最初。由上文“Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedefforts”和下文“foundthatcarbonnanotube(纳米管)sensorscanbeusedtosensechemicals.”可知，此处按先后顺序描述她的一些工作，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质，故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali设法用她学校的3D打印机建造了一个蓝色的小房子，里面装有电脑芯片和电池。A.managed管理；设法做到；B.promised承诺；C.pretended假装；D.happened发生。由下文“tobuildasmallbluehousingusingthe3Dprinteratherschoolwithputerchipsandabatteryinside.”可知，她设法用她学校的3D打印机建造了一个蓝色的小房子，managetodo固定搭配，意为“设法做到”，故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，它可以给出即时的结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个链接的上。A.observation观察；B.mand命令；C.instruction指导；D.control控制。由下文“fromherputerscienceteacher,”可知，此处指在计算机科学老师的指导下，故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，它可以给出即时的结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个链接的上。A.access入口；B.results结果；C.decisions决定；D.approval赞成。由下文“sendsthedatatoalinkedphonethroughanattacheddevice.”可知，应用程序可以给出即时的结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个链接的上，故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，设计她的项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺。A.optional可选择的；B.plete完全的；C.continuous持续的；D.smooth顺利的。由下文“though”和常识以及下文“KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjaliasherteacherinsummer,___10___alongtheway.”可知，此处表示她设计她的项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家KathleenShafer在夏天与Gitanjali搭档，并担任她的老师，一路上帮助了她。A.changed改变；B.helped帮助；C.risked冒险；D.followed跟随。由上文“KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjaliasherteacher”可知，科学家KathleenShafer作为Gitanjali的老师帮助她，故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖仪式上，Gitanjali还将自己的成功归功于她父母的不断支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A.stresses强调；B.credits信任；给予承认；认为是……的功劳；C.impresses给……留下印象；D.provides提供。由下文“herparentswithconstantsupport”可知，Gitanjali将自己的成功归功于父母不断的支持，creditsb.withsth.固定搭配，意为“把……归功于某人”，故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖仪式上，Gitanjali还将自己的成功归功于她的父母不断的支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A.encouragement鼓励；B.request要求；C.struggle挣扎；D.pressure压力。由上文“withconstantsupport”和下文“totry“crazyideas””可知，她的父母不断支持她，鼓励她尝试新想法，故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali获得了25000美元，用于进一步发展她的项目，同时也获得了赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。A.fortune财富；B.intention意图；C.honor荣誉；D.potential潜力。由下文“ofwinningthecontest”可知，她获得了赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Shafer对Gitanjali评价很高，他说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的很大动力。”A.keepswith跟上；B.getsalongwith与……相处；C.takescareof照顾；D.speakshighlyof高度赞扬。由下文“sheshowsalotofmotivationtosolve”可知，Shafer对Gitanjali评价很高，故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Shafer对Gitanjali评价很高，他说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的很大动力。”A.mercial商业的；B.academic学术的；C.practical实用的；D.systematic系统的。由下文“issuesthroughscience”和上文提到的Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，它可以给出即时的结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个链接的上可知，她通过科学解决实际问题。故选C。

第三部分语法单选(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)36.Onethirdofthecountry_____coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.A.is;are B.is;isC.are;are D.are;is【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的三分之一覆盖着树木，市民大部分是黑人。分数后面加名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。第一个空前的主语为“这个国家的三分之一”，作为整体，故谓语动词用单数；第二个空前的主语为“大多数市民”，为可数名词复数，故谓语动词用复数，即A项正确。【点睛】当百分数.分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。如：①Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.我们学校百分之五十的学生是女生。②Three—fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea,.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。37.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.show;are B.shows;isC.show;is D.shows;are【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：一项有关专家意见的调查显示，每周进行三小时的户外运动对健康有益。Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts中中心词是survey调查，抽象名词，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。下文，主语是threehoursofoutdoorexercise，中心词是outdoorexercise，抽象名词，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。故选B。38.Displayingfeelings________expressingthosefeelingthroughafacialreaction.A.ismeant B.mean C.aremeant D.means【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：表达情感意味着通过面部反应来表达这些情感。根据句子分析可知，displayingfeelings为主语，此空为谓语动词，意为“意味着”，故应用动词mean，且主语为动名词，谓语动词应用三人称单数形式，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故选D。39.Theleaguesecretaryandmonitor________invitedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词语态及主谓一致。句意：团委书记兼班长被邀请在会上讲话。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是一般现在时的被动语态，助动词使用be，主语Theleaguesecretaryandmonitor是一个人，谓语动词使用单数形式。故选D。

40.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers________tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.A.gives B.hasgiven C.havegiven D.give【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“inthelastthreemonths”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为themusician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“alongwithhisbandmembers”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。41.【2018·江苏】Selfdriving

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