BBC英语六分钟-每天坚持口语Is happiness genetic

Ishappinessgenetic?BBC英语六分钟练起来（2023.03.25）TranscriptNote:ThisisnotawordforwordtranscriptDan

Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish–theshowthatbringsyouaninterestingtopic,authenticlisteningpracticeandsixnewitemsofvocabulary.I'mDan…Neil

AndI'mNeil.Inthisepisodewe'llbediscussingifhappinessisgenetic

Dan

HowhappywouldyousayyouareNeil?

Neil

I’mprettyhappyIthink.Whydoyouask?

Dan

Well,inMarchthisyeartheUNpublisheditsfifthworldhappinessreport.

Neil

Isthattheonethatranksallofthecountriesbasedonhowhappytheyare?

Dan

You'veheardofitthen.Overallthereare155countriesincluded,andNorwaycametopofthemall,overtakingDenmark,whichwastheleaderfortheyears2012to2016.

Neil

WellwhatabouttheUK?

Dan

Ah,wellthat’sthisweek’squestions,isn’tit?WheredidtheUKplace?

a)inthetop10

b)between11thand20th

c)after21stNeil

Well,I’mgoingtosayc)after21stDan

Ok,youknowthedrill.Noanswersuntiltheendoftheshow.

Neil

So,Norway,eh?AndDenmarkthepreviousyear?They’reneighbours!

Dan

Yes.Infact,forthelast5years,theresultshavebeenprettymuchthesame.Nordiccountriestendto

dominate

thetopofthetable.

Neil

Dominate

meaning'control'.Ok,wellhowaretheresultsdecided?

Dan

It’sverysimple.Theyask1000peopleineachcountryasingle

subjective

question.

Neil

Subjective

means'basedonpersonalexperience,beliefsorfeelings'.…Well,what’sthequestion?

Dan

Imaginealadder,withstepsnumberedfrom0atthebottomto10atthetop.Thetopoftheladderrepresentsthebestpossiblelifeforyouandthebottomoftheladderrepresentstheworstpossiblelifeforyou.Onwhichstepoftheladderwouldyousayyoupersonallyfeelyoustandatthistime?

Neil

That’sactuallyquitesimple.

Dan

Yep.TheNordiccountriesallscoreanaveragecloseto7.5outof10.

Neil

Sowehaveanumberofneighbouringcountrieswhichallclaimtobeextremelyhappy.Theremustbeaconnection….isittheweather?

Dan

Well,that’salogicalconclusion,butthereisanotheridea.I’llletProfessorAndrewOswaldfromtheUniversityofWarwickexplain.

INSERT

ProfessorAndrewOswald,UniversityofWarwick

Wethinkthatthereisagenetic

component,inpart,towhytheDanesdosowellcomingsoregularlyattheheadofhappinessinternationalleaguetables.ItdoesappearfromthedatathattheDaneshavethesmallestamountofthe,youmightsay,dangerous,shortkindofgeneticpattern.Sotheymayhaveakindof

inoculation

againstthepossibilityofdepression.

Neil

So,professorOswaldmentionedthereisagenetic

component,

orpart,toDanishDNAwhichgivestheman

inoculation,orillnessprotection,againstdepressionandsadness.

Dan

Yep.AlloftheNordiccountrieshaveasimilarmake-up.

Neil

Buthesaid‘inpart’.Thatmeansitdoesn’texplaineverything.So,there’ssomethingmissing.

Dan

There’snofoolingyou!MichaelBoothhaswrittenabookaboutNordichappiness.Hehasanothertheory.

INSERT

MichaelBooth,Author

TherearesomanyreasonswhytheDanesarehappy,whythey’re

content

thathavenothingtodowithDNA.Ofcoursethey’rehappy!They’rerich!They’resexy!They’refunny!Theydon’tworkthatmuch!Neil

Ah.Sobeingrich,funny,sexyandnotworkingmuchiswhytheyare

content,meaning'satisfied'.Thatsoundsabitlikeyou,Dan.

Dan

Ican’tpubliclycommentonthatNeil,I’msorry!Butthereisonemorepiecewe’remissing.Hygge.It’saloanwordandonlyjustappearedintheBritishdictionaries.Wedon’thaveadirecttranslation,butitbasicallymeans

cosiness.

Neil

Cosiness,meaning'warm,comfortableandsafe'.

Dan

Yes.Daneslovesimplecomforts.Awarm

cosy

room,somedrinks,somecandlesandafire,andtheyarehappy.Maybethat’sthesecret.

Neil

Well,thesecrettomyhappinessrightnowisfindingoutifIwasrightinthequiz.

Dan

Ohyes!Iasked:WheredidtheUKplaceintheWorldHappinessReport2017

a)inthetop10

b)between11thand20th

c)after21stNeil

Isaidc)after21stDan

AndI’mafraidyou’rewrongmyfriend.Weplacedb)between11thand

20th.Wewereactually19th.

Neil

Well,let’smakeourlistenershappybygoingthroughthevocabulary.

Dan

Ok.Firstwehad

dominate.Ifyou

dominate

somethingorsomeone,youcontrolit.It’squiteanaggressiveword.Youwouldn’tuseitforpeoplemuch.But,giveusanexample,Neil.

Neil

Youcantalkaboutateam

dominating

playinasport.Nextwehad

subjective.Ifsomethingis

subjective

itisbasedonpersonalexperience,beliefsorfeelingsratherthanfacts,whichareobjective.Whattypeofthingsare

subjective,Dan?

Dan

Oh,it’souropinionsofart,music,jokes,food.Youknow,Ilikesausagesandice-creambutnooneelsedoes!

Neil

That’sbecauseit’sdisgusting!

Dan

Thenwehad

component.A

component

ispartofsomethingthatmakesupalargerwhole.Televisionsandcomputershavemany

components

inthem.

Neil

Andapersoncanbeanessential

component

inateam,likeagoal-keeperinfootball.Afterthatwas

inoculation.An

inoculation

isaformofdiseaseprotection.Itisasynonymof….Dan?

Dan

Vaccination.Iwentonholidaylastyearandhadtohavemy

inoculations

updated.Thenwehad

content.Ifyouare

content,youaresatisfiedandwantnothing.Whatmakesyoucontent,Neil?

Neil

Awarmsunnydayinmygardenwithagoodbook.Andfinallywehad

cosiness.

Cosiness

comesfrom

cosy,whichmeans'warm,comfortableandsafe'.Where’s

cosy

foryouDan?

Dan

Oheasy.Onafreezingcoldday,it’stuckedupinbedwithanicecupoftea.Andthat’stheendoftoday's6MinuteEnglish.Pleasejoinusagainsoon!

Neil

Andweareonsocialmediatoo,ofcourse-Facebook,Twitter,InstagramandYouTube.Seeyouthere.

Both

Bye!

Vocabularydominate

controlsubjective

basedonpersonalexperience,beliefsorfeelingsratherthanfactcomponent

apartofsomethingmakingupalargerwholeinoculation

aformofdiseaseprotectioncontent

satisfiedandwantingnothingcosiness

afeelingofbeingwarmcomfortableandsafeTranscript双语版Dan:

Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish–theshowthatbringsyouaninterestingtopic,authenticlisteningpracticeandsixnewitemsofvocabulary.I'mDan…大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语频道。这个节目将给你带来一个有趣的话题，以及纯正的听力练习和六个新词汇。我是丹。Neil:

AndI'mNeil.Inthisepisodewe'llbediscussingifhappinessisgenetic.我是尼尔。在本节中，我们将讨论幸福是否具有遗传性。Dan:

HowhappywouldyousayyouareNeil?

尼尔，你觉得自己有多幸福?Neil:

I'mprettyhappyIthink.Whydoyouask?我想我现在相当幸福。为什么这么问?Dan:

Well,inMarchthisyeartheUNpublisheditsfifthworldhappinessreport.你知道，今年3月，联合国发布了第五份《世界幸福报告》。Neil:

Isthattheonethatranksallofthecountriesbasedonhowhappytheyare?就是那个根据所有国家的幸福程度来给他们排名的吗？Dan:

You'veheardofitthen.Overallthereare155countriesincluded,andNorwaycametopofthemall,overtakingDenmark,whichwastheleaderfortheyears2012to2016.你一定有听说过。一共有155个国家，其中挪威排在首位，超过了2012年至2016年排名第一的丹麦。Neil:

WellwhatabouttheUK?那么英国呢?Dan:

Ah,wellthat'thisweek’squestions,isn'tit?WheredidtheUKplace?a)inthetop10b)between11thand20thc)after21st这就是本周的问题，英国排在第几？a)前10名b)在11名到20名之间c)在21名之后Neil:

Well,I'mgoingtosayc)after21st.我选c)，在21名之后。Dan:

Ok,youknowthedrill.Noanswersuntiltheendoftheshow.好的，我明白了，你知道规矩的。到节目结束才会公布答案。Neil:

So,Norway,eh?AndDenmarkthepreviousyear?They'eneighbours!所以，现在第一名是挪威，对吗？而前一年则是丹麦？它俩是邻居！Dan:

Yes.Infact,forthelast5years,theresultshavebeenprettymuchthesame.Nordiccountriestendtodominatethetopofthetable.是的。事实上，在过去的5年里，结果几乎都是一样的。北欧五国往往占据主导地位Neil:

Dominatemeaning'control'.Ok,wellhowaretheresultsdecided?主导意味着是“控制”。那么结果是怎么决定的呢？Dan:

It'sverysimple.Theyask1000peopleineachcountryasinglesubjectivequestion.这很简单。他们向每个国家的1000人提出一个主观问题。Neil:

Subjectivemeans'basedonpersonalexperience,beliefsorfeelings'.…Well,what’sthequestion?主观的意思是“基于个人经验、信仰或感觉的”。那么，问题是什么?Dan:

Imaginealadder,withstepsnumberedfrom0atthebottomto10atthetop.Thetopoftheladderrepresentsthebestpossiblelifeforyouandthebottomoftheladderrepresentstheworstpossiblelifeforyou.Onwhichstepoftheladderwouldyousayyoupersonallyfeelyoustandatthistime?你可以想象一个梯子，梯级从底部的0到顶部的10。梯子顶部代表着你可能拥有的最好的生活，而梯子的底部则代表着你可能拥有的最坏的生活。你个人认为此时此刻你站在梯子的哪一端？Neil:

That'actuallyquitesimple.这其实很简单。Dan:

Yep.TheNordiccountriesallscoreanaveragecloseto7.5outof10.丹:是的。北欧五国的平均得分10分里面都接近7.5分。Neil:

Sowehaveanumberofneighbouringcountrieswhichallclaimtobeextremelyhappy.Theremustbeaconnection….isittheweather?因此，我们有一些邻国都自称非常幸福。这其中一定有相关联系……是因为天气的缘故吗?Dan:

Well,that'alogicalconclusion,butthereisanotheridea.I'llletProfessorAndrewOswaldfromtheUniversityofWarwickexplain.嗯，这是一个合乎逻辑的结论，不过还有另一种解读方式。接下来我将让华威大学的安德鲁·奥斯瓦德教授来解释。ProfessorAndrewOswald,UniversityofWarwick华威大学的安德鲁·奥斯瓦德教授：Wethinkthatthereisageneticcomponent,inpart,towhytheDanesdosowellcomingsoregularlyattheheadofhappinessinternationalleaguetables.

ItdoesappearfromthedatathattheDaneshavethesmallestamountofthe,youmightsay,dangerous,shortkindofgeneticpattern.Sotheymayhaveakindofinoculationagainstthepossibilityofdepression.我们认为，丹麦人在国际幸福排行榜上之所以排名如此靠前，部分原因是在于他们的基因构成。从数据上来看，丹麦人较少拥有不良又少种的基因。因此这也就成为他们应对抑郁症的（天然）“疫苗”。Neil:

So,professorOswaldmentionedthereisageneticcomponent,orpart,toDanishDNAwhichgivesthemaninoculation,orillnessprotection,againstdepressionandsadness.奥斯瓦尔德教授提到，丹麦人的DNA中存有遗传成分，或部分遗传成分，为他们提供了预防抑郁和悲伤的（天然）疫苗，或疾病保护。补充：特殊的基因带给丹麦人们幸福感的增加和乐观主义，这种基因会对大脑分泌血清素神经递质产生影响。将丹麦人与其他民族比较，会发现，他们的这种基因更长。“快乐基因”越短，人就越不快乐。Dan:

Yep.AlloftheNordiccountrieshaveasimilarmake-up.是的。所有的北欧国家都有类似的基因构成。Neil:

Buthesaid‘inpart’.Thatmeansitdoesn'texplaineverything.So,there'somethingmissing.但他说“部分地”。这意味着它不能解释一切。也就是说，有些事情被遗漏了。Dan:

There'nofoolingyou!MichaelBoothhaswrittenabookaboutNordichappiness.Hehasanothertheory.你可真是敏锐!为此，迈克尔·布斯写了一本关于北欧幸福的书。对于这件事情，他持有不同看法。MichaelBooth,Author作家迈克尔•布斯：TherearesomanyreasonswhytheDanesarehappy,whythey'recontentthathavenothingtodowithDNA.Ofcoursethey’rehappy!They'rerich!They'resexy!They'refunny!Theydon'tworkthatmuch!可以让丹麦人快乐的原因有很多，但为什么他们却总是满足于与自身基因无关的因素。毫无疑问，他们当然幸福!因为他们不仅富有，性感迷人，而且又足够有趣!并且工作还没那么多!Neil:

Ah.Sobeingrich,funny,sexyandnotworkingmuchiswhytheyarecontent,meaning'satisfied'.Thatsoundsabitlikeyou,Dan.也就是说，富有、有趣、性感迷人，工作不多是他们满足的原因，content意思是“满足”。听起来跟你很像，丹。Dan:

Ican'tpubliclycommentonthatNeil,I'msorry!Butthereisonemorepiecewe'remissing.Hygge.It'saloanwordandonlyjustappearedintheBritishdictionaries.Wedon'thaveadirecttranslation,butitbasicallymeanscosiness.我不能公开评论这件事，尼尔，我很抱歉！但我们还少了一块。Hygge。这是一个外来词，刚刚出现在英国的字典里。我们没有直接的翻译，但它基本上意味着舒适。Neil:

Cosiness,meaning'warm,comfortableandsafe'.Cosiness意为“温暖、舒适和安全”。Dan:

Yes.Daneslovesimplecomforts.Awarmcosyroom,somedrinks,somecandlesandafire,andtheyarehappy.Maybethat'sthesecret.是的。丹麦人喜欢简单的舒适。一个温暖舒适的房间，一些饮料，一些蜡烛和火，他们就能很高兴。也许这就是其中的奥秘。Neil:

Well,thesecrettomyhappinessrightnowisfindingoutifIwasrightinthequiz.好吧，我现在能够让我幸福的奥秘就是看看我在测验中是否答对问题。Dan:

Ohyes!Iasked:WheredidtheUKplaceintheWorldHappinessReport2017.是的！我的问题是:英国在《2017年世界幸福报告》中排名如何。a)inthetop10b)between11thand20thc)after21sta)前10名b)11号到20号之间c)后21Neil:

Isaidc)after21st.我选的是c)21号之后。Dan:

AndI'mafraidyou'rewrongmyfriend.Weplacedb)between11thand20th.Wewereactually19th.很遗憾你选错了，我的朋友。我们把b放在第11位和第20位之间。我们实际上排在第19位。Neil:

Well,let'smakeourlistenershappybygoingthroughthevocabulary.好吧，让我们通过回顾词汇来让我们的听众幸福起来吧。Dan:

Ok.irstwehaddominate.Ifyoudominatesomethingorsomeone,youcontrolit.It'squiteanaggressiveword.Youwouldn’tuseitforpeoplemuch.But,giveusanexample,Neil.好的。首先是dominate这个单词。如果你支配某物或某人，也就意味着你控制了它。这是一个相当具有攻击性的词。你不会经常在别人身上使用它。不过，就以此给我们举个例子吧，尼尔。Neil:

Youcantalkaboutateamdominatingplayinasport.Nextwehadsubjective.Ifsomethingissubjectiveitisbasedonpersonalexperience,beliefsorfeelingsratherthanfacts,whichareobjective.Whattypeofthingsaresubjective,Dan?你可以谈论一个球队在一项运动中的主导地位。下一个单词是subjective，主观的。如果某物是主观的，它是基于个人经验、信仰或感觉，而不是客观的事实。什么东西是主观的，丹?Dan:

Oh,it'souropinionsofart,music,jokes,food.Youknow,Ilikesausagesandice-creambutnooneelsedoes!主观就是我们对艺术、音乐、笑话和食物的看法。你知道，我喜欢香肠和冰淇淋，但是没有人喜欢!Neil:

That'sbecauseit'sdisgusting!那是因为它很恶心！Dan: