2023年3月六级真题试卷

2023年3月六级真题试卷-1PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence"Peoplearenowincreasinglyawareofthedangerof'appearanceanxiety'orbeingobsessedwithone'slooks."Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Inarestaurant.B)Inakitchen.C)Inafoodstore.D)Inasupermarket.2.A)Sheeatsmeatoccasionally.B)Sheenjoyscheeseburgers.C)Sheisallergictoseafood.D)Sheisapartialvegetarian.3.A)Dealingwithone'scolleagues.B)Changingone'seatinghabit.C)Followingthesamedietforyears.D)Keepingawakeatmorningmeetings.4.A)Theyenjoyperfecthealth.B)Theyarebothanimallovers.C)Theyonlyeatorganicfood.D)Theyarecuttingbackoncoffee.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Themangotapoorevaluationfromhiscolleagues.B)Themanmadelittlecontributiontothecompany.C)Themanpaidattentiontotrivialthings.D)Themanhadanattitudeproblem.6.A)Theymakeunhelpfuldecisionsforsolvingproblems.B)Theyfavorsomeemployees'suggestionsoverothers'.C)Theyusemanipulativelanguagetomasktheirirrationalchoices.D)Theyrejectemployees'reasonableargumentsforworkefficiency.7.A)Itisamustforrationaljudgment.B)Itismoreofasinthanavirtue.C)Itisagoodqualityintheworkplace.D)Itismoreimportantnowthanever.8.A)Smoothingrelationshipsintheworkplace.B)Makingrationalandproductivedecisions.C)Focusingonemployees'careergrowth.D)Preservingtheirpowerandprestige.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theyshowgeniuswhichdefiesdescription.B)Theyaccomplishfeatsmanyofuscannot.C)Theycreateveryhighcommercialvalue.D)Theybringgreathonortotheircountry.10.A)Theytakepartinkids'extra-curricularactivities.B)Theyworkinsparetimetoteachchildrensports.C)Theytrytobepositiverolemodelstochildren.D)Theyserveasspokespersonsforluxurygoods.11.A)Separatinganathlete'sprofessionallifefromtheirpersonallife.B)Preventingcertainathletesfromgettingintroublewiththelaw.C)Keepingathletesawayfromdrugoralcoholproblems.D)Beingsupersportsstarswithoutappearingarrogant.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyalwayscostmorethanexpected.B)Theyarejoyousandexcitingoccasions.C)Theyshouldbepaidupbytheattendees.D)Theyaredreamscomingtruetothebrides.13.A)Itcost$60,000.B)Itwascancelled.C)Ithadeightguestsonly.D)ItwasheldinLasVegas.14.A)Postponeherwedding.B)Askherfriendsforhelp.C)Keeptoherbudget.D)Invitemoreguests.15.A)Shecalleditromantic.B)Shewelcomeditwithopenarms.C)Shesaidshewouldthinkaboutit.D)Sherejecteditflatly.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itdeterminespeople'smoods.B)Itcanimpactpeople'swellbeing.C)Itiscloselyrelatedtopeople'semotions.D)Itcaninfluencepeople'spersonalities.17.A)Theymakepeoplemorereproductive.B)Theyincreasepeople'slifeexpectancy.C)Theytendtoproducepositivefeelings.D)Theymayalterpeople'sgenesgradually.18.A)Thelinkbetweentemperatureandpersonalityisfairlyweak.B)Peoplesharemanypersonalitytraitsdespitetheirnationalities.C)Peopleinthesamegeographicalareamaydifferinpersonality.D)TheAmericansareapparentlymoreoutgoingthantheChinese.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)ThenumberofolderAmericanslivingaloneisontherise.B)Chroniclonelinessdoesharmtoseniorcitizensinparticular.C)Correlationshavebeenfoundbetweenlonelinessandillhealth.D)AgrowingnumberofUSseniorsfacetheriskofearlymortality.20.A)Medicationisavailablefortreatingloneliness.B)Lonelinessrarelyresultsfromlivingalone.C)Beingbusyhelpsfightloneliness.D)Lonelinessisprobablyreversible.21.A)Livingwithone'schildren.B)Meetingsocialexpectations.C)Meaningfulsocialcontact.D)Timelymedicalintervention.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Shehadasuccessfulcareerinfinance.B)Shewrotestoriesaboutwomentravelers.C)ShemaderegulartripstoAsiancountries.D)Sheinvestedinseveralprivatecompanies.23.A)Buyaranch.B)Startablog.C)Travelroundtheworld.D)Setupatravelagency.24.A)Workhardtoattractattentionfrompublishers.B)Gainsupportfromtraveladvertisingcompanies.C)Trytofindafull-timejobinthetravelbusiness.D)Createsomethinguniquetoentertheindustry.25.A)Attractingsufficientinvestment.B)Creatinganexoticcorporateculture.C)Avoidingtoomuchadvertisingearlyon.D)Refrainingfrompromotingsimilarproducts.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Unthinkableasitmaybe，humanity，everylastperson，couldsomedaybewipedfromthefaceoftheEarth.Wehavelearnedtoworryaboutasteroids(小行星)andsupervolcanoes，butthemorelikely26，accordingtoNickBostrom，aprofessorofphilosophyatOxford，isthatwehumanswilldestroyourselves.ProfessorBostrom，whodirectsOxford'sFutureofHumanityInstitute，hasarguedoverthecourseofseveralpapersthathuman27risksarepoorlyunderstoodand,worsestill,28underestimatedbysociety.Someoftheseexistentialrisksarefairlywellknown，especiallythenaturalones.Butothersare29orevenexotic.MostworryingtoBostromisthesubsetofexistentialrisksthat30fromhumantechnology，asubsetthatheexpectstogrowinnumberandpotencyoverthenextcentury.Despitehisconcernsabouttherisks31tohumansbytechnologicalprogress，Bostromisnoluddite(科技进步反对者).Infact，heisalongtime32oftrans-humanism—theefforttoimprovethehumancondition，andevenhumannatureitself，throughtechnologicalmeans.Inthelongrunheseestechnologyasabridge，abridgewehumansmustcrosswithgreatcare，inordertoreachnewandbettermodesofbeing.Inhiswork,Bostromusesthetoolsofphilosophyandmathematics，in33，probabilitytheory，totryanddeterminehowweasa34mightachievethissafepassage.WhatfollowsismyconversationwithBostromaboutsomeofthemostinterestingandworryingexistentialrisksthathumanitymight35inthedecadesandcenturiestocome，andaboutwhatwecandotomakesureweoutlastthem.A)varietyB)speciesI)extinctionJ)evaporationC)shrewdlyD)severelyE)scenarioF)posedG)particularH)obscureK)essentialL)encounterM)emphasizedN)ariseO)advocateSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SanFranciscoHasBecomeOneHugeMetaphorforEconomicInequalityinAmerica[A]Thefogstillchillsthemorningairandthecablecarsstillclimbhalfwaytothestars.Yetontheground,theBayAreahaschangedgreatlysincesingerTonyBennetlefthishearthere.SiliconValleyandthetechindustryhaveledtheregionintoaperiodofunprecedentedwealthandinnovation.Butexistingpoliticalandlandlimitshavecausedanalarminghousingcrisisandastronomicalriseinsocialandeconomicdifference.[B]Whiletheresidentsofmostcitiesdisplayprideandsupportfortheirhomeindustries,drasticmarketdistortionsintheSanFranciscoBayAreahavecreatedboilingresentmentintheregiontowardsthetechindustry.Avocalminorityisevencallingonofficialstopunishthosewhoarebenefittingfromtheeconomicandhousingboom.Ifthisboomanditsconsequencesarenotresolved,adrasticincreaseinsocialandeconomicdifferencemayhaveaprofoundimpactontheregionforgenerations.Ahistoryandanalysisofthistransformationmayholdinvaluableinsightsabouttheopportunities.PerilsoftechcitiesarecurrentlybeingcultivatedacrosstheUS,andindeedaroundtheworld.[C]Accordingtoarecentstudy,SanFranciscoranksfirstinCaliforniaforeconomicdifference.Theaverageincomeofthetop1%ofhouseholdsinthecityaverages$3.6million.Thisis44timestheaverageincomeofthoseatthebottom,whichstandsat$81,094.Thetop1%oftheSanFranciscopeninsula'sshareoftotalincomenowextendsto30.8%oftheregion'sincome.Thiswasadramaticjumpfrom1989,whereitstoodat15.8%.[D]Theregion'seconomyhasbeenfundamentallytransformedbythetechnologyindustryspringingfromSiliconValley.PoliciespushedbyMayorEdLeeprovidedtaxbreaksfortechcompaniestosetupshopalongthecity'slong-neglectedMid-Marketarea.ThecityisnowhometoTwitter,Uber,Airbnb,Pinterest,Dropboxandothers.Inshort,theBayAreahasbecomeaglobalmagnetforthosewithspecializedskills,whichhasinturnhelpedfueleconomicenthusiasm,andthiseconomicgrowthhasreducedunemploymentto3.4%,anadmirablefeat.[E]Inspiteofallthat,thestrengthoftherecentjobgrowth,combinedwithpoliciesthathavetraditionallylimitedhousingdevelopmentinthecityandthroughoutthepeninsula,didnothelpeasetheaffordabilitycrisis.In2015alone,theBayAreaadded64,000injobs.Inthesameyear,only5,000newhomeswerebuilt.[F]Withtheaveragehouseinthecitycostingover$1.25millionandaverageflatpricesover$1.11million,theminimumqualifyingincometopurchaseahousehasincreasedto$254,000.Consideringthattheaveragehouseholdincomeinthecitycurrentlystandsataround$80,000,itisnotanexaggerationtosaythatthedreamofhomeownershipisnowbeyondthegraspofthevastmajorityoftoday'speoplewhorent.[G]Forgenerations,thestabilityandprosperityoftheAmericanmiddleclasshasbeenanchoredbyhomeownership.Studieshaveconsistentlyshownthatthevalueoflandhasovertakenoverallincomegrowth,thusprovidingahugeadvantagetopropertyownersasavehicleofwealthbuilding.Whenhomepricessoarabovethereachofmosthouseholds,thegapbetweentherichandthepoordramaticallyincreases.[H]Ifcontributingfactorsleadingtohousingbecominglessthanaffordablearenotresolvedovermultiplegenerations,asmallelitewillcontrolavastshareofthecountry'stotalwealth.Theresult?Asocietywherethethreatofclasswarfarewouldloomlarge.Asociety'slevelofhappinessistiedlesstomeasuresofquantitativewealthandmoretomeasuresofqualitativewealth.Thismeansthathowapersonjudgestheirsecurityincomparisontotheirneighbors'hasmoreofanimpactontheirhappinessthantheirobjectivestandardofliving.Atthesametime,whenasystemnolongerprovidesopportunitiesforthemajoritytoparticipateinwealthbuilding,itnotonlyrobsthosewhoareexcludedfromopportunities,butalsodeprivesthemoftheirdignity.[1]SanFranciscoandtheBayAreahavelongbeencommittedtovalueswhichembraceinclusionandrejectionofmainstreamculture.Toseethesevaluescomingapartsopubliclyaddsinsulttoinjuryforaregiononcedefinedbyitsprogressivesocialfabric.Inthefaceofresentment,itishumantowantrevenge.Butdeterioratingpoliciessuchasheavilytaxingtechnologycompaniesorrealestatedevelopersarenotlikelytoshiftthebalance.[J]Thehousingcrisisiscausedbytwoprimaryfactors:thegrowingdesirabilityoftheBayAreaasaplacetoliveduetoitsexcellenteconomy,andourlimitedhousingstock.Althoughthecityisexperiencinganunprecedentedboominnewhousing,moreunitsaresorelyneeded.Protectionpolicieswereoriginallydesignedtosuppressbaddevelopmentandboosthistoricpreservationinoururbanareas.Now,toomanydevelopersareexperiencingexcessivedelays.Meanwhile,therearethelandlimitationsoftheBayAreatoconsider.Theregionissurroundedbywaterandmountains.Localgovernmentsneedtoaiddevelopmentaswell.Thismeansincreasinghousingdensitythroughouttheregionandbuildingupwardswhilestreamliningtheapprovalprocess.[K]Realestatealonewillnotsolvetheproblem,ofcourse.Transportation,too,needstobeupdatedandinfrastructureextendedtolinkdistantregionstoSiliconValleyandthecity.Weneedtobuildaneffectivehigh-speedcommutingsystemlinkingthehigh-pricedandcrowdedBayAreawiththelow-pricedandlow-densityCentralValley.Thiswoulddramaticallyreducetraveltimes.AndbasedontheoperatingspeedsofhoveringtrainsusedincountriessuchasJapanorSpain,high-speedrailcouldshortenthetimetotravelbetweenSanFranciscoandCalifornia'scapital,Sacramento,orfromStocktontoSanJose,tounder30minutes.Thissystemwouldbringoncedistantregionswithinreasonablecommutetoheavyjobcenters.Thecityalsoneedstoupdateexistingtransportationroutescombinedwithsmarthome-buildingpoliciesthatdramaticallyincreasehousingdensityinareassurroundinghigh-speedrailstations.Bydoingso,wewillbeabletobuildaffordablehousingwithinacceptablecommutingdistancesforasignificantbulkoftheworkforce.[L]Ourthreateninghousingcrisisforcesthedifficultquestionofwhattypeofsocietywewouldliketobe.Willitbeonewheretheelitecommandthevastbulkofwealthandregionalcultureisdefinedbyanaggressivebusinessworld?Wewererecentlytreatedtoatasteofthelatter,whenlocaltechemployeeJustinKellerwroteanopenlettertothecitycomplainingabouthavingtoseehomelesspeopleonhiswaytowork.[M]Itdoesn'thavetobethisway.Butsolutionsneedtobeimplementednow,beforeangrycrowdsgrowfromanuisancetoseriousconcern.Itmaytakelessthanyoumightthink.Andinfact,thesolutionstoourhousingcrisisarealreadyfairlyclear.Weneedtoincreasethedensityofhousingunits.Weneedtouseexistingtechnologytoshortentraveltimesandbreakthelandlimits.Thereisawaytosolvecomplexsocialandeconomicproblemswithoutabandoningsocialresponsibility.ThisistheBayArea'sopportunitytoprovethatitcaninnovatemorethanjusttechnology.36.Thehigherrateofemployment,combinedwithlimitedhousingsupply,didnotmakeitanyeasiertobuyahouse.37.Onewaytodealwiththehousingcrisisisforthegovernmenttosimplifyapprovalproceduresforhousingprojects.38.ResidentsoftheSanFranciscoBayAreastronglyresentthetechindustrybecauseoftheeconomicinequalityithascontributedto.39.Thefastriseinthepricesoflandandhousesincreasestheeconomicinequalityamongpeople.40.SanFranciscocitygovernmentofferedtaxbenefitstoattracttechcompaniestoestablishoperationsinalessdevelopedarea.41.Innovativesolutionstosocialandeconomicproblemsshouldbeintroducedbeforeitistoolate.42.Whenpeoplecomparetheirownlivingstandardwithothers',ithasagreaterimpactontheirsenseofcontentment.43.SanFranciscohasbeenfoundtohavethebiggestincomegapinCaliforniabetweentherichandthepoor.44.Improvedtransportnetworksconnectingthecitytodistantoutlyingareaswillalsohelpsolvethehousingcrisis.45.AverageincomesintheBayAreamakeitvirtuallyimpossibleformosttenantfamiliestobuyahome.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theabilitytomakeinferencesfromsameanddifferent，oncethoughttobeuniquetohumans，isviewedasacornerstoneofabstractintelligentthought.Anewstudy，however，hasshownthatwhatpsychologistscallsame-differentdiscriminationispresentincreaturesgenerallyseenasunintelligent：newbornducklings(小鸭).Thestudy，publishedThursdayinScience，challengesourideaofwhatitmeanstohaveabirdbrain，saidEdwardWasserman，anexperimentalpsychologistattheUniversityofIowawhowroteanindependentreviewofthestudy."Infact，birdsareextremelyintelligentandourproblemprettymuchliesinfiguringouthowtogetthemto‘talk’tous，ortellushowsmarttheyreallyare，”hesaid.AntoneMartinhoandAlexKacelnik，co-authorsofthenewpaper，devisedacleverexperimenttobettertestbirdintelligence.First，theytook1-day-oldducklingsandexposedthemtoapairofmovingobjects.Thetwoobjectswereeitherthesameordifferentinshapeorcolor.Thentheyexposedeachducklingtotwoentirelynewpairsofmovingobjects.Theresearchersfoundthatabout70%oftheducklingspreferredtomovetowardthepairofobjectsthathadthesameshapeorcolorrelationshipasthefirstobjectstheysaw.Aducklingthatwasfirstshowntwogreenspheres，inotherwords，wasmorelikelytomovetowardapairofbluespheresthanamismatchedpairoforangeandpurplespheres.Ducklingsgothrougharapidlearningprocesscalledimprintingshortlyafterbirth—it'swhatallowsthemtoidentifyandfollowtheirmothers.Thesefindingssuggestthatducklingsuseabstractrelationshipsbetweensensoryinputslikecolor，shape，soundsandodortorecognizetheirmothers,saidDr.Kacelnik.Bystudyingimprinting，theauthorsofthisstudyhaveshownforthefirsttimethatananimalcanlearnrelationshipsbetweenconceptswithouttraining，saidJeffreyKatz，anexperimentalpsychologistatAuburnUniversitywhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatotheranimals，includingpigeons，dolphins，honeybeesandsomeprimates(灵长类动物)，candiscernsamefromdifferent，butonlyafterextensivetraining.Addingducklingstothelist—particularlyuntrainednewbornducklings—suggeststhattheabilitytocompareabstractconcepts"isfarmorenecessarytoawidervarietyofanimals’survivalthanwepreviouslythought,"Dr.Martinhosaid.Hebelievestheabilityissocrucialbecauseithelpsanimalsconsidercontextwhenidentifyingobjectsintheirenvironment.It'sclearfromthisstudyandotherslikeitthat"animalsprocessandappreciatefarmoreoftheintricaciesintheirworldthanwe'veeverunderstood，"Dr.Wassermansaid."Weareinarevolutionaryphaseintermsofourabilitytounderstandthemindsofotheranimals."46.Inwhatwaywerehumansthoughttobeunique?A)Beingamajorsourceofanimalintelligence.B)Beingthecornerstoneofthecreativeworld.C)Beingcapableofsame-differentdiscrimination.D)Beingabletodistinguishabstractfromconcrete.47.WhatdowelearnfromthestudypublishedinScience?A)Ourunderstandingofthebirdworldwasbiased.B)Ourconceptionofbirds'intelligencewaswrong.C)Ourcommunicationwithbirdswasfarfromadequate.D)Ourknowledgeaboutbirdpsychologyneedsupdating.48.Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoveraboutmostducklingsfromtheirexperiment?A)Theycouldassociateshapewithcolor.B)Theyreactedquicklytomovingobjects.C)Theypreferredcoloredobjectstocolorlessones.D)Theycouldtellwhethertheobjectswerethesame.49.WhatwasnovelabouttheexperimentinthestudyreportedinScience?A)Theanimalsusedreceivednotraining.B)Itusedanumberofcolorsandshapes.C)Itwasconductedbyexperimentalpsychologists.D)Theducklingswerecomparedwithotheranimals.50.WhatdowelearnfromDr.Wasserman'scommentonthestudyofanimalmindsattheendofthepassage?A)Itisgettingmoreandmoreintricate.B)Researchmethodsarebeingupdated.C)Itisattractingmorepublicattention.D)Remarkableprogressisbeingmade.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThesuggestionthatpeopleshouldaimfordietarydiversitybytryingtoeatavarietyoffoodshasbeenabasicpublichealthrecommendationfordecadesintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.Now,however,expertsarewarningthataimingforadiversedietmayactuallyleadtojusteatingmorecalories,and,thus,toobesity.Oneissueisthatpeoplemaynotinterpret"variety"thewaynutritionistsintend.ThisproblemishighlightedbynewresearchconductedbytheAmericanHeartAssociation.Researchersreviewedalltheevidencepublishedrelatedtodietarydiversityandsawacorrelationbetweendietarydiversityandagreaterintakeofbothhealthyandunhealthyfoods.Thishadimplicationsforobesity,asresearchersfoundagreaterprevalenceofobesityamongstpeoplewithagreaterdietarydiversity.Oneauthorofthenewstudyexplainedthattheirfindingscontradictstandarddietaryadvice,asmostdietaryguidelinesaroundtheworldincludeastatementofeatingavarietyoffoods.Butthisadvicedoesnotseemtobesupportedbyscience,possiblybecausethereislittleagreementaboutthemeaningof"dietarydiversity,"whichisnotclearlyandconsistentlydefined.Someexpertsmeasuredietarydiversitybycountingthenumberoffoodgroupseaten,whileotherslookatthedistributionofcaloriesacrossindividualfoods,andstillothersmeasurehowdifferentthefoodseatenarefromeachother.Althoughthefindingsofthisnewstudycontradictstandarddietaryadvice,theydonotcomeasasurprisetoalloftheresearchersinvolved.Dr.Rao,oneofthestudyauthors,notedthat,after20yearsofexperienceinthefieldofobesity,hehasobservedthatpeoplewhohavearegimentedlifestyleanddiettendtobethinnerandhealthierthanpeoplewithawidevarietyofconsumption.Thisanecdotalevidencematchestheconclusionsofthestudy,whichfoundnoevidencethatdietarydiversitypromoteshealthybodyweightoroptimaleatingpatterns,andlimitedevidenceshowsthateatingavarietyoffoodsisactuallyassociatedwithconsumingmorecalories,pooreatingpatternsandweightgain.Further,thereissomeevidencethatagreatervarietyoffoodoptionsinasinglemealmaydelaypeople'sfeelingoffullnessandactuallyincreasehowmuchtheyeat.Basedontheirfindings,theresearchersendorseadietconsistingofalimitednumberofhealthyfoodssuchasvegetables,fruits,grains,andpoultry.Theyalsorecommendthatpeoplesimultaneouslyendeavortorestrictconsumptionofsweets,sugarandredmeat.Theresearchersstress,however,thattheirdietaryrecommendationsdonotimplydietarydiversityisneverpositive,andthat,inthepast,diversityindietsofwhole,unprocessedfoodmayhaveactuallybeenverybeneficial.51.Whathasbeenastandardpieceofdietaryadvicefordecades?A)Peopleshouldcultivateahealthyeatinghabit.B)Peopleshouldhaveawell-balanceddiet.C)Peopleshoulddiversifywhattheyeat.D)Peopleshouldlimitcalorieintaketoavoidobesity.52.WhatdidthenewresearchbytheAmericanHeartAssociationfind?A)Peopleseekingdietarydiversitytendtoeatmore.B)Bigeatersaremorelikelytobecomeoverweight.C)Dietarydiversityispositivelyrelatedtogoodhealth.D)Unhealthyfoodmakespeoplegainweightmoreeasily.53.Whatcouldhelptoexplainthecontradictionbetweenthenewfindingsandthecommonpublichealthrecommendation?A)Mostdietaryguidelinesaroundtheworldcontradictoneanother.B)Conventionalwisdomaboutdietisseldomsupportedbyscience.C)Themethodsresearchersusetomeasurenutritionvarygreatly.D)Thereislittleconsensusonthedefinitionofdietarydiversity.54.WhatdidDr.Raofindafter20yearsofresearchonobes