人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册复习学案 UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.talen.故事；叙述2.withdrawvi.&vt.（过去式withdrew；过去分词withdrawn）（使）撤回；撤离3.bondn.纽带；关系vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合4.laptopn.笔记本电脑；便携式电脑5.taxvt.对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款6.underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的7.meanwhileadv.与此同时；（比较两方面）对比之下8.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensionn.扩大；延伸→extensiveadj.广泛的；广阔的2.negotiatevt.商定；达成（协议）vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiationn.谈判；协商3.professionn.职业；行业→professionaladj.专业的；职业的n.职业运动员→professionallyadv.专业地；内行地→professorn.教授4.mixvt.&vi.（使）混合；调配→mixedadj.混合的→mixturen.混合；结合体；混合物5.covervt.覆盖；报道→coveragen.新闻报道；覆盖范围6.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→applausen.鼓掌；掌声7.migratevi.移居；移动；迁移→migrationn.迁移；迁徙；移居8.mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的9.possessvt.拥有；具有；支配→possessionn.[pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制10.opposevt.反对→opposedadj.强烈反对的；对立的→oppositeadj.对面的；相反的n.对立面prep.与……相对→opponentn.对手；反对者Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.merchantn.商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2.fleetn.舰队；机群；车队3.beholdvt.看；看见4.leaguen.等级；水平；联合会；联赛5.royaladj.皇家的；高贵的6.spicen.（调味）香料7.channeln.航道；海峡；频道8.tournamentn.锦标赛；联赛9.mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操纵的10.capsulen.胶囊；太空舱11.coraln.珊瑚12.exploitvt.开发；利用13.murdervt.&n.谋杀14.logvt.把……载入正式记录；记录n.正式记录；日志；原木15.marineadj.海的；海产的Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.reachout伸（手）；伸手（拿……）2.withdrawfrom退出；撤回3.inhand在手头；可供使用4.searchfor寻找；搜寻5.amixtureof...and...……与……的混合6.underthecommandof在……的指挥下7.forthebenefitof为了……的利益8.setsail起航；开航9.inaleagueofone’sown独领风骚10.pressconference记者招待会；新闻发布会Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilizations.（动词不定式作主语）绘制世界大地图是早期文明人们的强烈愿望。2.TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.（Theaim...istodo...）这一倡议的目的是鼓励史上著名的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，加强中国与世界其他地区的联系。3.Fromascientificpointofview，thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.（Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.）从科学的角度来看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。4.Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.（sothat引导的目的状语从句）我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们能够采取行动。5.Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.（as引导的时间状语从句）希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来应对这种平衡。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Thepolicehadhimarrestedandsenthimtojail.2.MayIuseyourlaptoptosubmitaform？Minewaslefthome.3.Abondoffriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwogirlsafterthecompetition.4.Thedrugwaswithdrawnfromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.5.Thedoctorwillseeyouagainnextmonth.Meanwhile，youmusttakethesepillsonceaday.6.Mostparentstellfairytalestotheirchildrenbeforesleeping.7.Takeadeepbreathandseehowlongyoucanstayunderwater.8.Thegovernmentismakingeffortstocutdownontax（es）forlocalcompanies.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Somepeoplethinkthatopponentsonlygivethempressure，whileothersareopposedtotheideaandbelievetheycanbringtheoppositeeffect.（oppose）2.Theprofessorgaveussuchaprofessionalintroductionabouthisprofession.（profession）3.Thegirlwhopossessesthequalitiesofintelligenceandcreativityhasaccumulatedagreatmanypossessions.Nowadays，sheisinpossessionoftwofamousfirms.（possess）4.Icamehomefromthemeetingwithmixedfeelings.Itwasamixtureofexcitementandnervousness.（mix）5.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.Theykeptapplaudinguntilthenextperformerwalkedontothestage.（applaud）6.Theissueisstillundernegotiation（negotiate）.Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子withdrawfrom inhand searchforforthebenefitof underthecommandof1.Ithappensthatwearesearchingforanewteamcoach.Wouldyouliketocome？2.Weneedmorepeopletoworkforthebenefitofthecommunity.3.ThethreeclassesareallunderthecommandofMrBrown，sohemustberesponsibleforeveryone.4.Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand，you’llsoonfinishit.5.Shehadkindofexpectedhimtowithdrawfromthecourse，becauseitwasobviouslybeyondhisreach.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.早睡很重要，尤其当你第二天有考试时。（动词不定式作主语）Tosleepearlyisofgreatsignificanceespeciallywhenyouhaveatestthenextday.2.演讲比赛的目的是唤起学生节约粮食的意识。（Theaim...istodo...）Theaimofthespeechcontestistoarousethestudents’awarenessofsavingfood.3.迫切需要教育人们垃圾分类的重要性。（Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.）Thereisanurgentneedtoeducatepeopleaboutthesignificanceofgarbageclassification.4.我们所有人都应该感激我们所拥有的，这样我们才能过上幸福的生活。（sothat引导的目的状语从句）Allofusshouldbegratefulforwhatwehavesothatwecanliveahappylife.5.他在森林里迷了路，随着夜幕降临，他感到非常害怕和孤独。（as引导的时间状语从句）Hehadlosthiswayintheforestandasdarknessfellhefeltveryfrightenedandlonely.1.LongbeforeMarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers，merchantsandexplorershadsetsailfromeasttowest.TheSilkRoadacrosstheseawasevenextendedtotheIndianOceanapartfromtheoverlandroute.There，merchantsmettonegotiatetradedeals.IntheMingDynasty，ZhengHesetsailtotheeastcoastofAfrica.Africanroyalfamiliessentgiftsinreturnforsilkandspices.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionslater，thesesearoutesremainedactivechannels.ThehistoricSilkRoadnowhelpstostrengthenthepolitical，economicandculturalbondsbetweenChinaandothercountries.Withthelatesttechnologyinhand，Chinaisreachingoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.2.Somepeoplearguethatexploringtheseaisnotexploitingit.However，somecountriesarestill"murdering"intelligentmarinecreatureslikewhaleswithoutmercyaccordingtomediacoverage.Theseaishometolife，nothumanbeings’possessions.Allofusinanyprofessionshouldprotectit.Meanwhile，someopponentsapplaudseaexploration，believingthattounderstanditistobetterprotectit.1extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长；扩大……的范围（或影响）；给予vi.包括；涉及（范围）1.[人教选必①－5]Theshelter...iscomprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextension（extend）oftheLondonUnderground.2.Everyonewasimpressedbyhisextensive（extend）knowledgeofmusic.3.《史记》共52万余字，涉及3000多年的历史，分为五部分，共130篇。Totallingover520，000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofmorethan3，000years，RecordsoftheHistorianconsistsof130chaptersinfivecategories.4.我很荣幸代表我们班向您发出邀请。 （邀请信）Itismyhonourtoextendaninvitationtoyouonbehalfofourclass.★extendsth.tosb.给予某人某物★extensionn.扩大；延伸；延长（或扩大）的事物extensiveadj.广泛的；广阔的extendedadj.延长了的；扩展了的2negotiatevt.商定；达成（协议）vi.谈判；磋商；协商1.[译林选必④－2]Forexample，ifyouareabusinesspersonnegotiatingwithalargeenterpriseabout/foradeal，youshoulddoitfacetoface，usingformallanguageinastraightforwardmanner.2.Theproblemissotoughthatitisstillundernegotiation（negotiate）.3.参加这次活动提高了我们的谈判技巧，培养了我们的团队精神。 （活动意义）Participationintheactivity（has）improvedournegotiationskillsandbuiltourteamspirit.★negotiatewithsb.about/forsth.和某人商议某事★negotiationn.谈判；协商undernegotiation在商谈中innegotiationwith和……协商中3mercyn.仁慈，宽恕；恩惠，幸运1.[译林选必④－1]Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds...2.Shewassuchamerciful（mercy）womanthatsheoftendistributedfoodandclothingtothehomeless.3.他们在海里漂了一整天之后，大自然对他们展示了些许怜悯。 （读后续写之情境描写）→①Natureshowedalittlemercytothem/hadalittlemercyonthemaftertheyhadfloatedontheseaforawholeday.（mercy）→②Naturewasalittlemercifultothemaftertheyhadfloatedontheseaforawholeday.（merciful）★showmercyto/havemercyon对……怜悯或宽恕withoutmercy残忍地；毫无同情心地atthemercyof任由……摆布或控制★mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的bemercifulto对……仁慈★mercilessadj.残忍的4possessionn.拥有；控制；[usuallypl.]个人财产1.[人教选必④－4]Theonlypossessions（possess）Icouldseewereonebroom，afewsaucers，akettle，cups，pans，andacoupleofjars.2.Thepossession（possess）ofapassportisessentialforforeigntravel.3.Youcansucceedonlywhenyouhaveagoodmood.→Onlywhenyouareinpossessionofagoodmoodcanyousucceed.（倒装；词汇升级）4.作为中国四大名著之一，这本书具有极大的智慧和中文的精髓，值得一读。 （推介信）RegardedasoneofthefourfamousChineseclassicsofliterature，thebookpossessesgreatwisdomandtheessenceofChinese，whichmakesitworthwhiletoread.（possess）★inpossessionof拥有（强调状态）insb.’spossession＝inthepossessionofsb.为某人所有takepossessionof拥有；占有（强调动作）★possessvt.拥有；具有（特质）；（情绪等）控制5inhand在手头；可供使用（available）；在掌握中1.inhandhandinhandhandoutbyhand①[人教必修①－1]EveryWednesday，weworkatasoupkitchenandhandoutfoodtohomelesspeopleinthecommunity.②[人教选必①－5]PeanutsareplantedinAprilorMay.Ittakesaround120to160daysforthemtobereadyforharvesting.Thisisusuallydonebyhand.③[人教选必②－3]Whatwecansay，however，isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand，andifyoudonotexperienceone，youcanneverreallyknowtheother.④[人教选必④－3]Withlotsoffoodanddrinkinhand，theysetofffortheirpicnic.2.一方面，他们想要孩子；另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。Ontheonehand，they’dlovetohavekids；ontheother（hand），theydon’twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.3.[人教必修③－3]它们可以让从未到过中国的游客亲自体验中国传统文化。TheyallowvisitorswhohaveneverbeentoChinatoexperiencetraditionalChineseculture（at）firsthand.★athand（在时间或距离上）接近（close）byhand手工（at）firsthand第一手；亲自handinhand手拉手；密切关联give/lendahelpinghand帮助ontheonehand...ontheother（hand）...一方面……，另一方面……★handin上交handdown传给（后代）handout分发6reachout伸出（手）1.[外研选必①－6]CuonaLakeissoclosetotherailwaythatIwanttoreachoutandtouchitspalebluemirror-likesurface.2.[外研选必④－6]ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous，remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars，nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.3.尽管Meredith一家并不富裕，但他们总是愿意力所能及地向他人伸出援手。 （人物介绍）AlthoughtheMeredithsweren’twelloff，theywerealwayswillingtoreachouttootherswithintheirreach.★reachouttosb.对某人感兴趣；向某人伸出援手reachfor伸出手去拿……reachaconclusion/decision/goal得出结论/做出决定/达成目标★within/beyond/outof（the）reachof在……能力可及的范围内/外7Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.迫切需要做某事。1.Thereisnopointpushing（push）themtopracticeunlesstheyaretalentedandtheyenjoyit.2.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.[谚语翻译]覆水难收/后悔也于事无补。3.全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的一大威胁，迫切需要我们尽一切努力来对抗全球变暖。（保护海洋）Thereisanurgentneedforustotryeverymeanstofightagainstglobalwarmingwhichhasbecomeagreatthreattoseacreatures.4.[人教选必④－4]毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下难忘的回忆。 （活动总结）Thereisnodoubtthattheseactivitieswillleaveyouwithunforgettablememories.★Thereisnoneed（forsb.）todo...（某人）不需要做……★Thereisevidence/nodoubt/nodenyingthat...有证据表明/毫无疑问/不可否认……Thereisnouse/good/point/sense（in）doing...做……没有意义。8as引导的从句1.我的所有队员都对这次比赛感到兴奋，因为我们对计算机编程有着极大的热情。Allmyteammembersareexcitedaboutthiscompetitionaswehavegreatenthusiasmforcomputerprogramming.2.虽然我们很累，但我们感到很放松，对运动也变得更加热情。Tiredaswewere，wefeltrelaxedandwebecamemorepassionateaboutsports.3.我们都知道，没有付出就没有收获。 （读后续写之主旨升华）Asweallknow，nopain，nogain.4.然而，随着比赛的进行，我变得非常疲惫，再也跟不上其他选手了。However，astheracewenton，Ibecameextremelytiredandcouldn’tkeepupwithotherracersanymore.5.汤姆很聪明，他完全按照老师教他的那样做了。Tomwassointelligentthathedidexactlyastheteacherhadtaughthim.★as引导原因状语从句，表示"因为"。★as引导让步状语从句，表示"尽管，虽然"，状语从句需要倒装。★as引导时间状语从句，表示"随着"。★as引导方式状语从句，表示"像……一样，正如"。★as引导比较状语从句时基本结构是as...as。前一个as是副词；后一个as引导比较状语从句，表示"像……一样，正如"。★as引导非限制性定语从句，表示"正如，像"，指代整个主句，在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常由逗号与主句隔开。Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher，hereadit，laughedoutloud，andsaid，"Great.Now，writeitagain."2.[2022全国甲]Throughouthercareer（职业）asaprofessional（profession）dancer，shetouredintheUK，butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Jeffbroketwoeggsintoaplateandaddedinsomemilk.Jennafoundthebreadandputtwoslicesintotheeggmixture（mix）.4.[全国Ⅲ]Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension（extend），simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.5.[浙江高考]...IsteppedfootontoUCR’scampus，whereover400organizationsexist，rangingfrompolitical（politics）organizationstokarateclub.6.[江苏高考]Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.[2020全国Ⅱ]Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks. v.增强亲密关系2.[天津高考]Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight. v.使竭尽全力Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——保护海洋[2022全国甲]你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。◎写作要点1.海洋面积约占地球的四分之三，对全球气候至关重要。（extend）Extendingaboutthreequartersoftheplanet，oceansarecrucialfortheglobalclimate.2.海洋生物也为我们提供了丰富的资源和食物。（marine）Marinelifealsoprovidesabundantresourcesandfoodforus.3.我们有责任保护海洋，而不是将海洋视为任由人类摆布的财产。（possession，mercy）It’sourresponsibilitytoprotectoceansinsteadofregardingthemasourpossessionsthatcanbeatthemercyofhumankind.4.利用手头可用的先进技术，尽我们所能做出改变。（inhand）Dowhateverwecanwithadvancedtechnologiesinhandtomakeadifference.5.同时，我们也应该呼吁周围的人采取行动。（meanwhile）Meanwhile，we’resupposedtocallonpeoplearoundustotakeaction，too.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。OurOceans，OurResponsibilityJune8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay.Itaimstoraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingoceans.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplayacriticalroleintheworld.Extendingaboutthreequartersoftheplanet，oceansarecrucialfortheglobalclimate.Inaddition，marinelifealsoprovidesabundantresourcesandfoodforus.It’sourresponsibilitytoprotectoceansinsteadofregardingthemasourpossessionsthatcanbeatthemercyofhumankind.Firstofall，dowhateverwecanwithadvancedtechnologiesinhandtomakeadifference.Forexample，stopthrowinggarbageintooceans.Meanwhile，we’resupposedtocallonpeoplearoundustotakeaction，too.Ibelievewewillhavecleaneroceans.写作二读后续写——动作描写之各种"程度"积累背诵仿写运用单词further，quite，rather，highly，greatly，fairly，extremely，absolutely，totally，completely，fully，entirely，really，awfully，deeply，partly，slightly，largely，widely，perfectly，badly，enormously，nearly，desperately，enough；severe根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.小男孩完全被弄糊涂了，弄不明白这个故事的含义。于是他请导游进一步解释。Thelittleboywascompletelypuzzled/confusedandcouldnotfigureouttheimplicationofthestory.Soheaskedtheguidetoexplainfurther.2.她最好的朋友在婚礼上发表的发自内心的演讲深深地感动了她。Shewasdeeplymovedbytheheartfeltspeechgivenbyherbestfriendatthewedding.3.在街上漫无目的地闲逛了几个小时后，她感到有点饿了，想要吃点东西。Havingwanderedaimlesslyinthestreetforhours，shefeltalittlehungryandwishedforsomethingtoeat.4.杰克的话使罗丝大为恼火，她非常生气地喊道："你为什么总是做什么事都这么慢？"Jack’swordsthrewRoseintogreatfuryandshegotextremely/veryangry，shouting"Whyareyoualwayssoslowateverything？"5.他低着头向老太太道歉："我对此感到非常抱歉。我向你保证，这种事不会再发生了。"Withhisheaddown，heapologizedtotheoldlady，"I’mterriblysorryaboutit.Iassureyouitwon’thappenagain."词组alot，abit，alittle，agreatdeal，tosomeextent，inlargepart在很大程度上佳句1.Gracekeptquietbecauseshethoughtshewasnotgoodenoughtoplayforanaudience.格蕾丝保持沉默，因为她认为自己不够好，不适合为观众演奏。2.Theteachersaid，"Sally，youhaveworkedreallyhardandfullydeservethepraiseforyouroutstandingperformance."老师说："萨莉，你学习很努力，你的出色表现完全值得表扬。"3.Shockedanddumb，Gradywasrootedtothegroundforseconds，andthendashedtotheircampdesperately，shoutingforhelpinthemeantime.格雷迪被吓得目瞪口呆，呆住几秒钟，然后拼命冲向他们的营地，同时大声呼救。4.Obviously，thatexperiencehadaprofoundimpactonmylife.显然，那次经历对我的生活产生了深远的影响。一、阅读理解A[2024天星原创]Oneoftheocean’snoisiestcreaturesissmallerthanyou’dexpect—snappingshrimp（鼓虾）.Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoiseintheunderwaterenvironment，whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood.Whenenoughshrimpsnap（发出噼啪声）atonce，thenoisecandominatethesoundscapeofcoastalwaters.AranMooney，abiologistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution，suggestedthatwithincreasedoceantemperatures，snappingshrimpwillsnapmoreoftenandlouderthanbefore.Thiscouldraisethebackgroundnoiseoftheglobalocean."Theymakeasoundbyclosingaclawsofast.Thismakesabubble（泡泡）andwhenthatbubbleexplodes，itmakesthatsnappingsound，"saidMooney.Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwatersanddeafening，morefrequentsnappingshrimpsoundsbyexperimentingwiththeshrimpintanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures."Asthetemperaturerises，thesnaprateincreases，"hesaid.Thismakessensebecauseshrimpareessentiallycold-bloodedanimals，meaningtheirbodytemperatureandactivitylevelsarelargelycontrolledbytheirlivingenvironment."Wecanactuallyshowinthefieldthatnotonlydosnapratesincrease，butthesoundlevelsincreaseaswell，"hesaid.Howtheloudersnappingshrimpwouldbotherorbenefitthesurroundingsremainedtobeseen."Weknowthatfishusesoundtocommunicate，"Mooneysaid."Iftheenvironmentgetsnoisy，ithasthepotentialtoinfluencethatcommunication.That’ssomethingwehavetofollowupon."Thereisalsothepossibilitythatthechangeofsnappingshrimpdisturbsinstrumentshumansusetodetectmines，whichcouldhaveimplicationsfornationaldefense.本文是说明文。鼓虾是一种体型很小却能发出很大声音的海洋生物，随着气候变暖及海水升温，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。1.Whatcanweknowaboutthesnappingshrimp’ssound？A.Ithasmultipleuses.B.Itisvitaltotheecosystem.C.Itishardtobedetected.D.Itaimstoprotecttheshrimp.解析A细节理解题。由第一段中的"Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoise...whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood"可知，鼓虾发出的声音有助于它们交流、保卫领土和寻找食物，即其声音有多种作用，故本题选A。2.HowdoesMooneyreachtheconclusion？A.Byobservingsnappingshrimpinthefield.B.Byrecordingsnapratesinthelab.C.Byanalyzingthewayshrimpmakenoise.D.Bycomparingshrimp’ssoundindifferentplaces.解析D推理判断题。由第三段的"Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwaters...tanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures"可知，Mooney通过实验室的水箱用鼓虾做实验，并听海洋中各种水温里的鼓虾发出的声音，发现了温暖的水域与震耳欲聋、更频繁的鼓虾声之间的密切关系，即他通过对比不同地点鼓虾发出的声音得出了结论，所以本题选D。3.WhatmightMooneyresearchnext？A.Applicationsofshrimp’ssound.B.Impactsofthenoiseonothercreatures.C.Meansofcommunicationamongfish.D.Methodsofpreventingshrimp’ssnapping.解析B推理判断题。最后一段提到吵闹的鼓虾会如何干扰或有益于周围环境还有待观察。如果环境变得嘈杂，它有可能影响鱼类之间的交流，Mooney认为这是他们必须跟进的研究。还有一种可能性是，鼓虾发出的声音变大会干扰人类用来探测水雷的仪器。由此可推断，Mooney接下来可能会研究鼓虾发出的声音对其他生物的影响，故本题选B。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.UnderwaterWorldIsNoLongerQuietB.SmallAnimalsMakeaBigDifferenceC.WarmingOceansAreGettingLouderD.SnappingShrimp’sNoiseSpeaksMuch解析C标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变暖及海水温度升高，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，发出声音的频率也增加，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。C项"变暖的海洋变得更吵闹"形象贴切地总结了文章内容，做本文的标题最佳。B[2023河南名校联考]Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor112milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia.Thishugemeadow（草地）hasspreadwidelyallthroughSharkBay.Theseagrassplantisbelievedtobearound4，500yearsold.Manyplantscreatenewplantsbygrowingflowersandspreadingseeds.TheDNAoftheplantsthatgrowfromtheseseedsisslightlydifferentfromtheDNAoftheplantsthattheseedscamefrom.BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow.Whattheylearnedshockedthem—allofthegrasssampleshadalmostexactlythesameDNA.Thatmeantthattheywerealljustoneplant，onebigseagrassplantspreadingoutover77squaremiles.Thismakesitthelargestknownplantintheworldbyfar.SohowhastheSharkBayseagrassgrownsolarge？Insteadofspreadingwithflowersandseeds，itspreadsbycloning（克隆）itself.Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots.TheseagrassinSharkBayisalsounusualinanotherway.It’sa"polyploid".Usually，anorganism（有机体）hastwoparents，andgetshalfofitsDNAfromeach.ButpolyploidorganismshavealloftheDNAfrombothparents，meaningtheyhavetwiceasmuchDNA.ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions.TheSharkBayseagrassgenerallygrowsandspreadsabout14inchesayear.BecauseofthehistoryofSharkBayandtherateofgrowth，thescientistsbelievethattheplantisabout4，500yearsold.本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现了他们认为世界上最大的植物：澳大利亚西海岸绵延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。这片巨大的草地遍布鲨鱼湾。这种海草被认为大约有4500年的历史。1.WhydidthescientistscomparetheDNAoftheseaplants？A.Tofindwaystoprotectseaplants.B.Todiscoverthediversityofseaplants.C.Toidentifytheoldestplantsinthesea.D.Toexploretheunknownoceanresources.解析B细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow"可知，科学家比较海洋植物的DNA是为了发现海洋植物的多样性，故选B。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheseagrassinSharkBay？A.ItsDNAcannotbecloned.B.Itbloomsandbearsmanyseeds.C.Itsrootsareaconnectedwhole.D.Itisthefastestgrowinggrassintheworld.解析C推理判断题。由第四段最后一句"Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots"可推知，鲨鱼湾的海草的根是一个相连的整体，故选C。3.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofpolyploidorganisms？A.Gainingtheabilitytogrowbigger.B.Gettingpartsoftheparents’DNA.C.Havinganadvantageoveranyotherseaplant.D.Beingmoreadaptabletotoughconditions.解析D细节理解题。由第五段最后一句"ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions"可知，多倍体生物的优点之一是更能适应恶劣的环境，故选D。4.Whatisthemainideaofthistext？A.Geneticchangesinseagrass.B.Theecologicalstatusoftheseafloor.C.Scientistsfoundworld’slargestplant.D.Newunderwatergrassisdiscovered.解析C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句"Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor1.12milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia"为文章的主题句，下面内容是围绕该句展开的，由此可知，C项切题。二、完形填空Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins.Thedolphinspushschoolsoffishinthe1oftheshoreandthenjumpoutofthewater，2tothefishermentorapidlycastouttheirnets.Thefishermenmakealargecatch，and3，thedolphinslookaroundforthefishthathavemissedthefishingnets—aquickandeasymeal！Thisdolphin-human4isespeciallyunique，becauseitis5tobothhumansanddolphins.Accordingtoastudy6withunderwatersoundrecordings，dolphinsoccupiedwiththisrelationshipwithhumansare13％morelikelyto7inthewild.Thisisbecausetheystayneartheshoresoftheoceanandarelesslikelytobe8whenfishingnetsarethrownintotheopenocean.InLaguna，fishingwithfellowdolphinshasbecomea（n）9inmanyfamilies，thoughthedolphinsarenot10trainedforthispurpose.Fromtheir11，fishermenpassontheirknowledgetotheirchildren，teachingthemto12withtheirpartnersthroughclickingnoisesandhowtodistinguishdolphinbehaviors.Interestingly，thisisnotthefirsttimehumansandotherspeciesofanimalshave13tohuntforfoodtogether.InAfrica，thehoneyguides，asmallbirdspeciesthat14onbeeswax，uselargenoisesandcallstocommunicate，leadinghumanstotreeswherebees’nestsare15.Researchershopethatfuturegenerationswillbeabletocarryonthisspecialtradition.本文主要介绍了巴西Laguna的渔民和海豚合作捕鱼的共生现象。1.A.form B.centerC.direction D.position解析C海豚把成群的鱼向海岸的方向（direction）驱赶，然后跳出水面，示意渔民们快速撒下他们的网，故选C。2.A.reporting B.promisingC.answering D.signaling解析D参见上题解析。signal示意，发出信号。3.A.inreturn B.inbalanceC.inbrief D.inadvance解析A渔民们捕获了大量的鱼，作为回报（inreturn），海豚四处寻找漏网的鱼——一顿容易且快捷的饭。4.A.interaction B.interruptionC.instruction D.education解析A由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins"以及第二段的具体描述可知，此处指的是海豚和人类的互助合作关系，故选A。5.A.restricted B.beneficialC.dangerous D.challenging解析B这种海豚和人类的互助合作是独一无二的，因为这是对人类和海豚都有益的（beneficial）事情，故选B。restricted受限制的，dangerous危险的，challenging有挑战性的。6.A.designed B.conductedC.prepared D.observed解析B根据一项用水下录音进行（conducted）的研究，忙于与人类互助的海豚在野外活下来的可能性增加了百分之十三，故选B。design设计，prepare准备，observe观察。7.A.survive B.developC.suffer D.exist解析A参见上题解析。survive幸存。8.A.doubted B.controlledC.harmed D.shocked解析C这是因为它们待在海岸附近，当渔网被扔进海洋里时被伤害（harmed）到的可能性更小，故选C。9.A.fashion B.traditionC.information D.impression解析B由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottl