人教版（2019）必修第三册复习学案 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.virtuen.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2.faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3.preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的4.unionn.协会；联合会；工会5.hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用6.colleaguen.同事；同僚7.clinicn.诊所；门诊部8.farawayadj.遥远的9.decaden.十年；十年期10.elsewhereadv.在别处；去别处11.publishvt.发表（作品）；出版12.staffn.员工；全体职员13.feen.专业服务费；报酬14.principlen.道德原则；法则；原则15.passiveadj.被动的；顺从的16.replacevt.接替；取代；更换17.whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）18.midnightn.子夜；午夜19.bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；蜇n.咬20.lipn.嘴唇21.chairmann.主席；主持人；董事长22.waitressn.（餐馆的）女服务员；女侍者23.spillvt.&vi.（使）洒出；（使）溢出24.limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走25.tearn.眼泪；泪水26.despairn.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望27.courtn.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭28.incomen.收入；收益29.perprep.每；每一30.thereforeadv.因此；所以Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.illustratevt.（举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图→illustrationn.插图；图解；图示→illustratorn.插图画家2.marriagen.结婚；婚姻→marryvi.&vt.（和某人）结婚；嫁；娶3.majoradj.主要的；重要的→majorityn.大部分；大多数4.complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn.抱怨5.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.反应；回答；回复6.scholarn.学者→scholarshipn.奖学金7.rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决8.appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn.约会；任命→appointedadj.约定的；指定的9.electvt.选举；推选→electionn.选举；推选；当选10.tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→tendencyn.趋势；趋向11.retirevt.&vi.退休；退职；退出→retiredadj.退休的→retirementn.退休12.savevt.救vi.&vt.节省；储蓄→savingn.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款13.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scaryadj.恐怖的；吓人的14.sharpadj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharplyadv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快vi.&vt.（使）提高15.energyn.精力；活力；能量→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的16.accidentn.事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.意外地；偶然地17.operatevi.工作；运转；动手术vt.操作→operationn.手术；企业；经营→operatorn.操作员18.assistvt.帮助；援助→assistancen.帮助；协助→assistantn.助手；助理；售货员19.memoryn.记忆力；回忆→memorize/memorisevt.记住；记忆20.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的21.flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的→flexiblyadv.灵活地→flexibilityn.灵活性22.tenseadj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的→tensionn.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意2.dilemman.进退两难的境地；困境3.entrustvt.委托；交付4.physiciann.医师；（尤指）内科医生5.kindergartenn.学前班；幼儿园6.insurancen.保险；保险业7.importn.进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进8.exportn.出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播9.polen.（行星的）极；地极10.lapn.（坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈11.chainn.一连串（人或事）；链子；链条12.cafén.咖啡馆；小餐馆13.pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的14.disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具15.maplen.枫树；槭树16.cartn.手推车；运货马车17.mightn.力量；威力18.fablen.寓言；寓言故事Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关2.tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事3.playakeyrole发挥关键作用4.carefor关心5.beresponsiblefor对……负责6.beknownas作为……而出名7.inone’slifetime在某人一生中8.passaway去世9.inmemoryof作为对……的纪念10.tripover被……绊倒11.intears流着泪；含着泪12.indespair处于绝望中13.agreatdeal（of）大量14.lookinto调查；研究15.complainabout抱怨Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...（"否定词＋比较级"表示最高级意义）对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了……2.Sheresponded，"I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！"（wouldratherdo）她回答说："我宁愿保持单身来学习一辈子！"3.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.（see意为"见证"的拟人用法）新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。4.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe"motheroftenthousandbabies"，havingdeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.（havingdone作状语）尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为"万婴之母"。她一生中接生了5万多个婴儿。5.DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied，22April1983.（not...until）林医生直到1983年4月22日去世那天才退休。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Asisknowntous，it’savirtue（美德）togiveahandtothoseinneed，especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.2.Shewonthescholarship（奖学金）forherremarkableperformance.3.Ican’twaittoseizethisprecious（宝贵的）opportunitytoimprovemyself.4.Hegaveupthestrugglewithhisshortcomingsindespair；however，hefoundabrighterfuturelater.5.Firstofall，it’seasiertoreplaceitthantospendtimeandmoneyrepairingit.6.Theyoungwomanisoperatingastoreofherown，soshehasratherflexibleworkinghours.Shecancomeatanytime.7.Inthepastfewdecades，greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthefieldofspaceexploration.8.Weelectedhimasmonitorofourclassbyvoting.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasrejectedbecauseofhisrejectionofmedicalexaminations.（reject）2.GirlsmajoringinEnglishLiteratureinourdepartmentareinthemajority.（major）3.Theboyisalwaysenergetic.I’mcurioustoknowwherehisenergycomesfrom.（energy）4.Hecomplainedtousthathiscomplaintaboutthepoorserviceoftherestauranthadbeenignored.（complain）5.Wewereallscaredtodeathwhenwefoundthegroundwasshaking.It’ssoscary！（scare）6.ThegrouphastomemorizeapoeminmemoryofthegreatleaderbynextMonday.（memory）7.Doctorsoperatedontheinjuredpersonimmediately，andtheoperationwasverysuccessful.（operate）8.Whenthemanagerneededsomeonetoassisthim，hisassistant（s）cametohisassistance.（assist）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子inmemoryoftendtodotripovercarrysb.throughagreatdealof1.MrsMeredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.2.Whenpeoplebeginanewstageoflife，theytendtodosomethingdifferent.3.Wewillbuildamonumentinmemoryofthosewhosacrificedtheirlivesforourcountry.4.It’stough，andwe’rerelyingonyoutocarryusthrough.5.HetriedtofollowJack’sfootstepsinthesnowbuttrippedoverastone.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.当我筋疲力尽的时候，没有什么比听莫扎特的音乐更让我高兴的了。（"否定词＋比较级"表示最高级意义）NothinggivesmemorepleasurethanlisteningtoMozart’smusicalpieceswhenI’mexhausted.2.他宁愿放弃这个机会也不愿意伤害别人。（wouldratherdo）Hewouldrathergiveuptheopportunitythanhurtothers.3.这个又老又破的体育场已经见证了他们从童年起二十年的悲欢。（see意为"见证"的拟人用法）Thisoldandshabbystadiumhasseentheirsadnessandjoyfortwentyyearssincechildhood.4.把碎片粘在一起后，查尔斯表现得像平常一样，焦急地等待着他父亲的归来。（havingdone作状语）Havinggluedthebrokenpiecestogether，Charlesactedasnormal，waitingforhisfather’sreturnanxiously.5.直到那时，我才意识到宽恕的重要性。（not...until）Ididn’trealizetheimportanceofforgivenessuntilthen.LifeisprecioustoLinQiaozhi，whohaddeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.Whenpeopleentrustedherwiththeirlives，itwashervirtuethatcarriedherthroughdecadesofhardchoices.Whenshewas18，shechosetostudymedicineinsteadofenteringintoamarriagelikethemajorityofgirls.Unfortunately，herbrotherrespondednegativelytoherchoice，complainingaboutthehightuitionfees.However，nothingcouldscareheroff.Aftergraduation，LinQiaozhiwonascholarshipandwasappointedasaresidentphysicianinafamoushospital.Afterafewyears，shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthentheUS，whereshegreatlyimpressedhercolleagues，whoinvitedhertostaybutwererejected，forshewasdeterminedtoreturntoChina.Thenduringthewar，sheopenedherownclinictoshieldtheinjuredfromharm.AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina，shewaselectedtomanyimportantpositions，butthisdidn’tweakenherinterestatallintendingpatientsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctorswhocouldreplaceher.DrLindidn’tretireuntilthedayshepassedaway.Duringherwholelife，DrLinpublishedagreatdealofmedicalresearch，leavingmassivewealthtotheworld，andhersavingswereusedonchildrenandmedicaldevelopment.Inmemoryofhercontributions，amemorialparkwasbuiltin1984onKulangsuIsland.1respondvt.&vi.回答，回复（reply）vi.作出反应，回应（react）1.[外研选必②－6]Temperaturesarerising，andnationsarefailingtorespondtoit.2.[译林选必④－2]Moreimportantly，whetheryouapproveofthespeaker’swordsornot，youneedtobehonestinyourresponse（respond）.3.我写信是响应网站上发布的通知，申请一份城市篮球比赛的志愿工作。 （申请信）I’mwritingtoapplyforavoluntaryjobintheCityBasketballCompetitioninresponsetothenoticepostedonthewebsite.★respondto...（with...）（以……）回答/响应……★responsen.回答，答复；反应；响应inresponseto作为对……的答复；响应2tendvt.&vi.照顾；照料（attendto，carefor，lookafter，takecareof）vi.往往会；倾向；趋于1.[译林必修②－2]Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohave（have）betterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.2.Thereisawidespreadtendency（tend）thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotobrick-and-mortarstores（实体店）tobuywhattheylike.（引入话题）此处that引导同位语从句，作tendency的同位语。3.EverytimeIgettiredofstudying，tending（to）theflowers（照料花儿）onthebalconymakesmefeelenergeticagain.主句谓语为makes，所以空处应填非谓语形式作主语，且此处表示习惯性的动作，所以用v-ing作主语。4.然而，许多人往往会以成败论英雄。→①However，manypeopletendtojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tend）→②However，manypeoplehaveatendencytojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tendency）★tend（to）sb./sth.照料某人/某物tendtodosth.往往会发生某事；易于做某事tendto/towards...趋向于……★tendencyn.倾向；趋势haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向tendencyto/towards...……的倾向★其他表示"趋势"的词：trend，current，tide3scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓1.Someparentstrytoscaretheirnaughtychildrenintobehavingthemselves.2.Afterwatchingascaryfilm，shewasscaredinthedarkatmidnight.（scare）3.[外研选必①－1]Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain，herscared（scare）andanxiouslookhasbeenreplaced—firstbyasmallsmile，andthenbyloudlaughter...4.Scaredoflosingcontroloftheirlife，somepeopletendtofollowthepaththatotherssuggestbecausetheyarescaredtofail（fail）.5.WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath（几乎要吓死了）.（读后续写之心理描写）★scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scaresb.intodoingsth.恐吓某人做某事★scaredadj.害怕的bescaredof（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事bescaredtodosth.害怕做某事bescaredtodeath害怕得要死★scaryadj.恐怖的，吓人的4replacevt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave. 把……放回原处②[译林必修②－2]Inresponsetopublicinterest，ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions，includingmoderndance. 取代2.我强烈推荐我的朋友李明，他是最适合下周代替鲍勃的人。 （推荐信）IstronglyrecommendmyfriendLiMing，whoisthemostsuitablepersontoreplace/taketheplaceofBobnextweek.★replaceA（with/byB）（用B）接替/取代A★replacementn.[U]替换，更换；[C]替代品replaceableadj.可替换的；可代替的★"代替，取代"的其他表达：inplaceofsb.＝inone’splacetakeone’splace＝taketheplaceofsb.5harmn.&vt.伤害；损害1.[北师选必①－3]High-tensionpowerlines，aswellasclear-cutcorridors，pipelines，roadsofrocksandpaintedlinesonthegrounddonoharmtoanimals.2.NotonlycontinuedAntarctictourismbutalsotheintroductionofsomeharmful（harm）foreignthingscouldthreatenthebalanceofthelocalecosystem. （环境保护）3.Theexperiencedphysicianprescribedthepregnantwomansomemedicineharmless（harm）toherbaby.句意：医生给孕妇开了一些对孩子无害的药。高考语法填空题中，若提示词为名词，需要变成形容词时，还要根据语境看空处是表示否定意义还是肯定意义。4.Thereisnoharminturningoffthelight（关上灯没有害处）whenyougoout.5.花太多时间上网会损害我们的视力。 （个人观点）Spendingtoomuchtimeonlinecanharm/doharmto/beharmfultooureyesight.★dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处。★harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto...对……有害★harmlessadj.无害的6carrysb.through（sth.）帮助某人渡过难关1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough. 成功完成（工作）②Inthepasttoughyears，hisdeterminationhascarriedhimthrough. 帮助他渡过难关through可以作介词，后接名词；也可以作副词，后不接任何成分。③Hehasprovedhecancarrythroughonhispromises. 履行他的承诺2.[外研必修②－6]Carryoutthesurveyandusetheresultstocomeupwithwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.3.[人教必修③－4]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.4.Withhercompanyandcontinualencouragement，Isuccessfullywentthroughthosetoughyears.→Itwashercompanyandcontinualencouragementthatcarriedmethroughthosetoughyears.（强调句型）gothrough在此处意为"经历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）"，除此之外，还可表示"检查；通读，查阅；（法律、协议、决定）获得通过"。5.大海的气味勾起了她童年的回忆。Thesmelloftheseacarriedherbacktoherchildhood.★carrysth.through成功完成某事carrythrough（on/withsth.）履行（承诺）★carryon继续，坚持；继续移动carryoutsth.履行（诺言）；执行/完成（计划、研究等）carrysb.back（tosth.）使某人回想起（某事）；使某人回忆（某事）7inmemoryof作为对……的纪念1.Thetextissoimportantthatweshouldmemorize/memorise（memory）it.-ize（-ise）为常见的动词后缀，如modernize，industrialize，globalize等。2.Wewillholdaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthosebravefirefighters（纪念那些勇敢的消防队员）.类似的"in＋n.＋of"型短语还有：inpraiseof称赞，歌颂；incelebrationof庆祝；insearchof寻找；infavourof支持，赞同；inchargeof负责，管理；insupportof支持；intermsof就……而言；inaidof为帮助；inhonourof向……表示敬意；inneedof需要。★memorise（NAmEmemorize）vt.记住，熟记memorableadj.值得纪念的，难忘的memorialadj.纪念的，悼念的n.纪念碑；纪念物8agreatdeal（of）大量1.Agreatdealofnervoustensionbeforetheperformanceoftenleads（lead）toatotalmessonstage.2.Thistimehedroveagooddealfaster（fast）sowedidn’tarrivelatelikelastSunday.本句中没有明显的比较级标志词than，但由句首的Thistime和so后的句子可知此处暗含比较意义，且空前有agooddeal修饰，故填fast的比较级。常见的修饰比较级的词还有any，much，even，far，alot等。3.Youradviceandguidancemeanagreat/gooddealtous（对我们意义重大）intheEnglishDramaFestival. （感谢信）4.我花了大量时间阅读您推荐的相关文献，从中学到了很多。 （感谢信）Ispentagreat/gooddealoftime（in）readingrelevantliteratureyourecommended，fromwhichIhavelearnedagreat/gooddeal.★agreat/gooddealof＋n.[U]＋v.（单数）agreat/goodmanyof＋n.[C]＋v.（复数）★agreat/gooddeal（副词短语）可修饰adj./adv.比较级，也可修饰v.。agreat/gooddeal（名词短语）意为"大量，许多"，作主语或宾语。9"否定词＋adj./adv.比较级"表示最高级意义1.如果您能抽出一点时间给我一些指导，我将不胜感激。 （求助信）Icouldn’tbemoregratefulifyoucouldsparesometimetogivemesomeguidance."不胜感激"还可以用"Ican’tthankyouenough"表达。2."我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！"妈妈满意地回答道。"I’veneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthis！"Momrepliedinasatisfiedvoice.★此结构常译为"没有比……更……，再……不过了"。★常用的否定词有nothing，no，not，never，nobody等。10wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事1.It’ssohotoutside！Iwouldratherstay（stay）athomedoinghousework.2.[外研选必②－3]Afterall，howmanyofustodaywouldrathersendamessagepackedwithemojisthanmakeatelephonecall？3.如今，人们宁愿用高科技产品来交流和消磨时间，也不愿与朋友及家人出去。→①Nowadays，peoplewouldrathercommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（wouldrather）→②Nowadays，peopleprefertocommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsratherthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（prefer）★wouldrather为情态动词短语，后接动词原形。★wouldratherdosth.thandosth.（＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.＝prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.）宁愿做某事也不愿做某事一对反义前缀：in-（im-）&ex-本单元：im-（向内）＋port（港口）→进入港口内→import进口ex-（向外）＋port（港口）→到港口外→export出口拓展：从下列方框中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。insideincludeinvolveexpressexposeexact1.[人教必修②－4]Anidiomisanexpressionwhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheindividualwords.2.[人教选必③－2]Forexample，someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse，whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.be/become/getinvolvedin...专心/沉迷于……。注意involve和include的区别：involve表示"包含；牵涉；（使）参加"，而include表示"包含；使成为……的一部分"。3.[北师必修③－9]Countriesneedtothinkaboutwaystoinspireinterestforboysinreadingandensurethattheyareexposedtoawidevarietyofdifferenttypesofliteraturefromayoungage.4.[人教必修①－1]Designaneye-catchinglogoforyourclubandmakeaposterincludingtheclub’sname，slogan，andlogo.5.[人教必修①－5]ChinesecalligraphyhasdevelopedalongwithChina’scivilisation.Itisdifficulttosaywhenexactlycalligraphystarted.6.[人教选必③－4]Ittookhimalotofenergytomovealltheitemsoffurnitureinsidethehouse.Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2023全国乙]Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmful（harm）gases，suchascarbondioxide.2.[2023浙江1月]Mosttrainsoperate（operation）justonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek，somissingyourscanbeadisaster.operate为多义词，作及物动词时意为"操作，控制，使运行"，作不及物动词时意为"运转，工作；经营，营业；动手术"。此处意为"运转，工作"。3.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Ibit（bite）backmyfrustration（懊恼）.Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.bitebacksth.表示"忍住不说出某事，不流露情感"。4.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Weofferscholarships（scholar）tolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations，subjecttoavailability.scholarship作"奖学金"讲时为可数名词，空前没有限定词，故要用其复数形式。besubjectto表示"视……而定；服从于；可能受……影响的"，subjecttoavailability表示"视情况而定"。5.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Roadaccidents，whichhadfallenforyears，arenowrisingsharply（sharp）.6.[2022全国甲]AndtheninlateNovember，Tillyhadanoperationonherleg.haveanoperation＋on＋人或身体部位，表示给某人或身体部位做手术。表示"轻拍（pat）或打（hit）某身体部位"时也用介词on，如：Hisfatherpattedhimonhisshoulder.他父亲轻轻地拍了他的肩膀。Shehitmeonmyheadwithanumbrella.她用雨伞打我的头。7.[2022北京]Myperfectionisttendencies（tend）werethemainrootofthis：IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid，whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible，butitconsumedme.句意：我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我的精力。8.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners，whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.9.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment（appoint）.10.[2020江苏]Somepeople—andIwasoneofthem—believethathumorouscomplaints（complain）aboutthelittleproblemsoflifemakehumor，andsometimesthatisthecase.11.[全国Ⅱ]There’stension（tense）andanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.12.[全国Ⅱ]HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistant（assist）inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.A.锋利的 B.敏锐的C.（人或语言）尖锐的 D.急剧的①[2023全国甲]TheSocratesExpressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness，andaging.C句意：《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考中。②[2021北京]Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokeptwatchingayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap. B③[2020浙江]...whilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities，othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference. D④[江苏高考]Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago，despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools，livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals. A句中who引导定语从句，despite...作让步状语。句意：因此，生活在100万年前的人类，尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，还是一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。2.[2020浙江]Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother，soIjumpedoutofthetractortotendtoitwhileDonstayedinhisseat. v.照顾，照看tend还有"倾向，趋于"的意思，如：Priceshavetendedupwardsoverrecentyears.近年来物价趋于上升。3.[全国Ⅲ]Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcities.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandauniquestyle. n.连锁商店achainofcafes表示"连锁咖啡店"，也可以用acafechain来表示。4.[浙江高考]Soshehiredatrucktobringallthebookstothehousesoffriendsinthesuburbs（郊区）. v.租用Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——值得尊敬和爱戴的人[2020全国Ⅰ]你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。◎写作要点1.我身边最受尊敬的人是李老师，她道德高尚，教学经验丰富。（moral）ThemostrespectedpersonaroundmeisMsLi，amoralwomanwithrichteachingexperience.2.为了解释她的观点，她往往尝试各种新方法，使她的课堂生动有趣。（illustrate，tend）Toillustrateherpoints，shetendstotryvariousnewways，makingherclasseslivelyandinteresting.3.她内心深处有一个原则，即任何一个学生都不应被忽视，尤其是当他/她对学习表现出消极态度时。（principle，passive）Thereisaprincipledeepinherheartthatnotasinglestudentshouldbeignored，especiallywhenhe/sheshowsapassiveattitudetowardsstudy.4.她总是及时回应我们，并以极大的耐心帮助我们找到解决方法。（respond，assist，agreatdealof）Shealwaysrespondstousintimeandassistsustofindasolutionwithagreatdealofpatience.5.正是李老师带领我们度过了三年紧张的时光，这三年也见证了我们成绩的大幅提高。（carrysb.through，sharp）ItisMsLiwhohascarriedusthroughthosethreestressfulyears，whichhavewitnessedasharpriseinourgradesaswell.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。ThePersonIRespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.ThemostrespectedpersonaroundmeisMsLi，amoralwomanwithrichteachingexperience.Firstofall，thoughshehasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears，sheisstillpassionateaboutteaching.Toillustrateherpoints，shetendstotryvariousnewways，makingherclasseslivelyandinteresting.Inaddition，thereisaprincipledeepinherheartthatnotasinglestudentshouldbeignored，especiallywhenhe/sheshowsapassiveattitudetowardsstudy.Whenfacedwithaproblem，weareneverscaredtoturntoherforhelp.Shealwaysrespondstousintimeandassistsustofindasolutionwithagreatdealofpatience.ItisMsLiwhohascarriedusthroughthosethreestressfulyears，whichhavewitnessedasharpriseinourgradesaswell.Allinall，shedeservesourrespect.写作二读后续写——情感描写之后悔与内疚积累背诵仿写运用单词guilt，regret；guilty，regretful根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.他非常遗憾地叹了口气，说道："你来得太晚了，安妮已经离开了。"Hesighedwithdeepregretandsaid，"Youaretoolate.Annehasalreadyleft."2.当我听到这个坏消息时，我不由自主地感到一阵悔恨。Uncontrollably，awaveofregretwashedovermeasIheardthebadnews.3.但与此同时，内疚感涌上了我的心头。Butatthesametime，asenseofguiltcameoverme.4.我在窗边坐了很久，眼含后悔的泪水。要是我没有骗他该多好。Isatatthewindowforalongtime，withregretfultearsinmyeyes.IfonlyIhadn’tliedtohim.（with复合结构；ifonly）5.他想到自己是如何对待父亲的，感到非常愧疚。Hefeltextremelyguilty/wasfullofguiltwhenthinkingabouthowhehadtreatedhisfather.词组1.beoverwhelmedbyfeelingsofguilt愧疚难当2.asenseofguilt内疚感3.feelguiltyabout对……感到内疚4.awaveofregret一阵悔恨5.muchtoone’sregret令某人深感遗憾的是6.withdeep/greatregret非常遗憾地7.aregretfulgoodbye/glance/smile遗憾的告别/怅然的一瞥/充满歉意的微笑8.withregretfultearsinone’seyes眼含后悔的泪水佳句1.Itwasatthatmomentthatarippleofregretwelledupinsideme.HowIwishedIhadn’tsaidthosewords！就在那时，我的心中涌起了一阵阵懊悔。我真希望我没有说那些话！2.HearingwhatIsaid，hestormedoutoftheroom，leavingmedumbwithdeepregret.听到我说的话，他愤怒地冲出了房间，留下我哑口无言，后悔不已。一、阅读理解A[2023江西南昌一模]WangariMaathai，the2004NobelPeacePrizewinner，oncetoldastoryofahummingbird.Whenaforestfirebrokeout，thehummingbirdvolunteeredtodoitsbesttofightthefiredespiteitssmallsizeandlittleimpact，whilelargeranimalsliketheelephantsjustsatbyandwatched.InmanyKenyanpeople’seyes，theyouthgroupKombGreenSolutionsissuchahummingbird.Formedin2017，KombGreenSolutionsisacommunity-basedorganizationinNairobi.Thoughitstartedoffwithnosupportatall，itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum（贫民窟）.FredrickOkinda，thegroup’sfounder，saidthatbeforethegroupwasformed，someyoungpeopleinKorogochowereengagedincrimetoearnaliving.Thisalwaysresultedingangfights，withOkindahavinglostmanyfriendstocrime.DuringanupgradingprojectwhereanewbridgelinkingDandoraandKorogochoslumswasbeingbuilt，Okindaandhisco-founderssawanopportunity.Havingworkedascasuallaborersandsecurityofficersfortheproject，theyouthdecidedtocarryonbyrestoringtheriverunderthebridgeonavoluntarybasis."Whenwestarted，ourmainfocuswasthedumpsite（垃圾场）underthebridge，"Okindasaid."Itwasahidingplaceforthievesandaplacewherecriminalswouldgotoconducttheirillegalactivities，sowewantedtocreateagreenandsafeplaceforchildrentoplayandforyoungpeopletorelax."Withlimitedresources，insufficientfundsandanenormoustask，KombGreenSolutionshasslowlybutsurelystartedturningthecity’sKorogochoslumfromaneyesoreintoasafeplacewherechildrencanplayandadultscanlivehealthylives.本文主要讲述了一个肯尼亚青年组织KombGreenSolutions努力将贫民窟改变为一个宜居宜玩耍之地的故事。【词语积累】upgradev.提高（设施、服务等的）档次，改善；使升级onavoluntarybasis在自愿的基础上eyesoren.碍眼的建筑，丑陋的东西，令人厌恶的东西1.Whydoestheauthormentionthehummingbirdinparagraph1？A.TointroduceaKenyanyouthgroup.B.ToshowWangariMaathai’stheory.C.Toamusereaderswithafunnystory.D.Tostresstheimportanceofhummingbirds.解析A推理判断题。从第一段中的"Whenaforestfirebrokeout...littleimpact"和"theyouthgroup...ahummingbird"可以看出，蜂鸟虽小却敢于承担责任，而KombGreenSolutions正是这样的组织。因此，作者提到蜂鸟的主要目的在于引出后面要讲的KombGreenSolutions，故A项正确。2.WhatmadeOkindastartKombGreenSolutions？A.Savingwildbirds.B.Makingaliving.C.Solvingthedrugproblem.D.Changingthecommunity.解析D细节理解题。由第二段中的"itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum（贫民窟）"可知，Okinda成立KombGreenSolutions的目的是改变社区环境，故D项正确。3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesOkinda？A.Reserved. B.Devoted.C.Polite. D.Honest.解析B推理判断题。由本文内容，尤其是最后一段中的"Withlimitedresources，insufficientfundsandanenormoustask...fromaneyesoreintoasafeplace"可知，在资源有限、资金短缺、任务艰巨的情况下，Okinda还是设法改变了贫民窟的面貌。由此可以推测，Okinda是一个意志坚定、全身心投入的人，故B项正确。4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext？A.LivingaHealthyLifeB.ADreamComeTrueC.TransformingtheCitySlumD.VolunteeringinCommunities解析C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了KombGreenSolutions这一青年组织努力将贫民窟改变为一个宜居宜玩耍之地的故事，故C项适合做本文的标题。B[品德修养/2024重庆育才中学、西南大学附中联考]JoseAlbertoGutierrez’slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhenhewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthierneighborhoodsatnightandsawdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthegarbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhisnine-hourshift.Eventually，heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.Colombia’scapitalcityofBogotahas13millionresidentsand19publiclibraries.However，theselibrariestendtobefarawayfromwhereruralandpoorercommunitieslive.Theoptionofbuyingnewbooksisnon-existentforfamiliesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.HavingaccesstoalibraryofbooksandbeingtakenawaytoanotherworldwhileabsorbedinabookisaluxuryforthekidswhovisitGutierrez’slibrary.Gutierrezgrewuppoor，andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimaryschool.Nevertheless，hismotherwasakeenreaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutierrez，whoneverletalackofformaleducationstophimfromreadingclassicsbythelikesofVictorHugo，MarioVargasLlosaandGabrielGarcíaMárquez.Today，hiscommunitylibrary，called"TheStrengthofWords"，occupiesmostofhishomeandispiledfromfloortoceilingwithfictionandnon-fictiontitles.Everythingfromschooltextbookstostorybookscanbefoundinhiscollectionofmorethan20，000books！TheStrengthofWordslibraryopenseveryweekend.Itisnotjustschool-goingchildrenwhoareenjoyingthebenefitsofTheStrengthofWordslibrary.Adultsarealsowelcometoexpandtheirhorizonsanddevelopnewskillstobuildabetterlifeforthemselves.Despitehavingdonesomuchforhiscommunity，Gutierrezisn