Unit4重要知识点牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8AU4【wele】instructionn.指示（可数）followtheinstruction遵循指示hadbetterdosth最好做某事缩写：’dbetterhadbetternotdosth最好不要做某事Noproblem.“没问题”表示同意或愉快地答应请求“不用谢；别客气；没什么”用来回答感谢（主要用于美式英语）“没关系，没什么”用来回答道歉exactadj.确切的→exactlyadv.确切地；精确地standfor代表，象征（不用于进行时；不用于被动语态）WhenyoudoDIY，youmake,repairordecoratethingsyourselfinsteadofpayingsomeonetodoit.当你做DIY的时候，你自己制作、修补或装饰东西，而不是付钱让某人做这些（事情）。insteadof介词短语“而不是；代替”+名词/代词/vinginstaedadv.“代替；而不是”在句中作状语，常用于句末；位于句首时，通常后面用逗号与后面隔开，起链接上下句的作用。apairofscissors“一把剪刀”作主语时，谓语动词用单数scissors剪刀通常用复数形式apairofgloves/shoes/glasses/trousers/sockssomethingnew新东西→复合不定代词+adj./todo【reading】becrazyabout(doing)sth对（做）某事着迷Heoncetiredtoputinabrightlightinhisbedroom,buthemadeamistake.once①adv.“曾经，一度”表示过去某个时间或过去某段时间。当表示过去某段经历或经验时，它也放在句首作状语。②adv.“一次”，表示频率putin安装（名随代中）makeamistake/makemistakes犯错putup挂起；张贴；举起；搭起puton穿上putaway放好putoff推迟putout熄灭fill...with...用...填充...befilledwith=befullofnotonly...butalso...不仅...而且...着重强调后者，遵循就近原则Notonlyyoubutalsohehastoleave.不只是你，他也得离开。6.词条用法例句on表示一个物体在另一个物体的表面上，强调两者接触Thereisacuponthetable.over指一物在另一物的垂直上方，多暗指悬空，反义词underThere’sabridgeovertheriverabove某物的位置高于另一物，但不一定是在正上方，不接触另一物，反义词belowThesunrisesabovethehorizon。太阳在地平线上升起。7.buysbsth=buysthforsb8.adviseabtodosth建议某人做某事advicen.建议apieceofadvice一条建议already“已经”通常用在肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑问句中，在否定句或疑问句中用yet.attendclass/lesson/meeting/concert等【grammar】Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.用一把剪刀剪出卡片。cutcuttingcutcutthrough开辟cutin插入cutup切碎cutdown削减cutout删除cutoff切断Drawapictureaboutthewordsorsentenceontheothersideofthecard.在卡片的另外一面画一副与词语或句子相关的图画。ontheothersidesideof...“在...的另一边/面”这个词组常用于只有两边/面的事物，如街道street,道路road,河流river，纸张papergiveup(放弃)+名词/代词/vinggiveaway赠送;捐赠giveout分发givein屈服；投降giveback归还giveoff发出（蒸汽，光）withoutprep.没有，不（做某事）+名词/代词/vingsometime某时sometime一段时间sometimes偶尔，有时sometimes几次祈使句当我们向他人发出命令，提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿时you（听话人），通常不明确表示出来。句式结构例句肯定句Do型：动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分。Haveaseathere.这边坐。Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Beagoodchild!要做一个好孩子！Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。否定句Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t构成。Don’tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到！Let型的否定形式有两种：Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。Don’tlethimgo.=Lethimnotgo.反义疑问句祈使句+willyou/won’tyou?Openthewindow,willyou?Letus不包括听话者在内，指示对听话者说，反义疑问句的主语仍然为youLetusplaywithsnow,willyou?让我们玩雪，好吗？Letusplaywithsnow,shallwe?咱们玩雪吧，好吗？Let’s是表示第一人称的祈使句，包含说话者，所以反义疑问句的主语为we.※（1）有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.有些祈使句可用No开头，用来表示禁止。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟！为了使祈使句听来比较客气，委婉，除了用please外，句末还可用willyou。Readthetext,willyou?读一下这篇文章，好吗？在祈使句的前面加上do可以加强语气，有makesure(一定，务必)的意思。Doremembertocallme.祈使句的答句常用一般将来时。Don’tsmokehere.Sorry,Iwon’t.用should和hadbetter提建议should和hadbetter都是情态动词，后接动词原形，而且均无人称和数的变化。should“应该”，常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，其语气比must及hadbetter委婉，否定形式直接在后面加not(shouldnotdosth)。hadbetter“最好”,常用来提出建议，语气比should强一些，其中had常缩略为’d,其否定形式是直接在后面加not(hadbetternotdosth)。※（1）在含有hadbetter的反义疑问句中，疑问部分一般用“had+主语”，但有时也可用“willyou”,表示一种请求或建议。You’dbetternotgoouttoday,hadyou?You’dbetteretomyhouse,willyou?(2)对长辈或上级说话时，应避免使用hadbetter，比较有礼貌的说法是“Itmay/mightbebetterforyoutodosth”Itmightbebetterforyoutotakeataxi.【integratedskills&studyskills&task】mixvt/vi.混合mixwith...与..混合起来mixup弄错，弄混mixedadj.混合的addvt/vi增加，补充add...to...把...加到...中去；往...中加...补充（说道），即“又说；继续说”Usefruitinseason.用当季水果。inseason当季outofseason淡季makesure确保；查明；弄清楚makesureof/about/todo/that从句makesure“务必，确保”或“将某事弄清楚”besure“确信”，指某人对某事对某种情况有把握forexample“例如”，强调举例说明，一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首，句中或句末suchas用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被例举的事物与前面的名词之间，但其后不能用逗号。prepare+名词/代词/todoprepareforsth.=getreadyforsb为某事做准备leavevi.使处于某种状态leave+宾语+宾语补足语（adj./adv./prep）vt.丢下，遗忘leavesth+介词短语“把某物落在...”It’stimeforsth.It’stimefordoingsth.It’stimeforsbtodosth.It’stimetodosthstopdoingsth停止正在做的事stoptodosth停下正在做的事情去做别的事correctadj.正确的反义词：incorrectcorrectlyadv.正确地vt.订正certainadj.确定的+todo/that从句certainlyadv.当然，确定=ofcourseuncertainadj.不确定的●加前缀un,im,in,ir,dis变反义词unableunableimpatientimpatientfortableunfortablepossibleimpossiblemonunmonpoliteimpolitefairunfairincorrectincorrectfriendlyunfriendlyactiveinactivehappyunhappyexpensiveinexpensivehealthyunhealthycorrectincorrecthelpfulunhelpful/helplessirregularirregularimportantunimportantdisappeardisappearkindunkindcoverdiscoverluckyunluckyhonestdishonestpleasantunpleasantlikedislikesuccessfulunsuccessfulusualunusualIt’s(im)possibletodosth(不)可能做某事tidyup收拾妥，整理好tidyadj.整洁的反义词：dirty/untidydecidevt.决定decidetodosthdecisionn.决定makeadecision做出决定decide经过考虑、商谈或研究之后做出的决定或下决心makeupone’smind和“犹豫不决”相对应，意为“下定决心”makeupone’smindtodosthsecretadj.秘密的keepitsecret保密n.秘密keepasecret/keepsecrets16.gowrong弄错；犯错；（机器）出故障17.covern.封面；盖子，罩thecoverof......的盖子v.覆盖、盖住becoveredwith...被...覆盖cover...with用...覆盖...\pletevt.完成adj.完全的，彻底的Sheisapletestrangetome.她对于我来说完全是一个陌生人。paintv.用颜料画；在...上刷油漆paintsth+颜色把某物涂成..颜色paintonsth涂/刷...n.（不可数）颜料20.作文：描述自己的DIY体裁：说明文话题：制作物品/食物时态：一般将来时人称：第一人称段落布局：开头介绍制作的目的主体介绍制作过程firstnext...later...inthe结尾描述自己的感受WhenIpleted

【例题精讲】用所给动词的适当形式填空1.You'dbetter_______(notmake)himangryagain2.Hissoniscrazyabout_______(watch)TV.3.Hehadagreattime_______(play)chesswithme.4.Thegirlcan'tdecidewhichone_______(buy).5.NotonlymyparentsbutalsoI_______(be)interestedinthegame【答案】1.notmake2.watching3.playing4.tobuy一、单项选择1.Don’tplayinthestreet.It’sdangerous.________.A.No,Idon’t B.No,Iwon’t C.Yes,Iwill D.Yes,Iwon’t2.You________tellhimtheresultrightaway.A.shouldnot B.shouldnottoC.shouldtonot D.notshould3.Jim,_________readbookswhileyouareonthebus.Ok,Thankyou.A.don’t B.doesn’tC.won’t D.can’t4.Mum,therearenopearsforasalad.Shallweuseoranges_________?Ok.A.too B.already C.insteadof D.instead5.Youlooksotired.Whynot__________?A.stoptohavearest B.tostoptohavearestC.stophavingarest D.tostophavingarest6.You’dbetter_________shortpassageseveryday.A.topracticereading B.practicereadingC.practicingreading D.practiceread7.IamsorryIbrokethewindow.You_________playfootballnearthewindow.A.should B.wouldrather C.shouldn’t D.hadbetter8.It’srainingoutside,you________goout.A.hadbetternot B.wouldbetter C.wouldn’t D.hadbetter9._________thisrockmusic,please!Iamafraidsomepeoplecan’tstandthisnoise.A.Stopping B.StopC.Stops D.Tostop10.Youhavemadesomemistakesagain!Ithinkyou__________bemorecareful!A.would B.may C.can D.should11.Please_________,theyarehavingameeting!A.notbesonoisy B.bequietC.mustn’ttalk D.benot12._________belateagain,Lucy!A.Don’tto B.Don’t C.Not D.Nospeaking13.Mike,youshould_________yourbedroom.It’s_________.A.tidyup;tidy B.tidyup;untidyC.tidy;untidy D.totidyup;untidy14._________playwithfire.__________withfireisdangerous.A.Don’t;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Don’t;Play D.Notto;ToPlay15.Simon.WhatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?You’dbetter_________morewaterthanusual.It’shottoday.A.totake B.take C.taking D.took16.Isyourbrothercrazy__________putergames?No,heisn’t.A.of B.in C.about D.at17.Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave__________onethismonth.A.theother B.some C.another D.other18.Don’t__________thepicturesontheblackboard!A.puton B.putaway C.putup D.putin19.Wouldyouliketopaintthewhitewall___________blue?A.with B.in C.of D./20.Mr.SmithwasillsoIwenttohavethelesson__________.A.insteadof B.instead C.inplaceof D.intheplace【答案】BAADABCABDBBBABCCCDB二、词汇拼写A）根据句意和所给中文，用单词的正确形式填空。1.Iwillgotobuysome(工具)tomakeacageforthebird.2.IwantaskMr.Smithto____________(装饰)mynewhouse.3.Mybrotheris_____________(确切的)1.75mtall.4.Climbersusuallytakesomeclimbing______________(绳)withthem.5.Beforeyoutakethemedicine,youhadbetterreadthei____________first.6.Iwillrepairthetelephoneinsteadof___________(buy)anewone.7.Youworkforalongtime,you’dbetter____________(have)arest.8.Ican’tseethepicture___________(clear).【答案】tools;decorate;exact;ropes;instructions;buying;have;clearlyB）根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.____________(notsmoke)here,Rick.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.2.Hemadeafew___________(mistake)inhisexams.3.Hepractices__________(play)theguitaronSunday.4.__________(e)and__________(help)me,please.5.__________(notlook)atthepictures.6.Youshould____________(notbe)lateforschool.7._____________(notplay)tricksonthatboy.He’smuchyoungerthanyou.8.Shoppingonlineisfastandeasy,butyou’dbetter__________(notbe)crazyaboutit.【答案】Don’tsmoke;mistakes;playing;ehelp;Don’tlook;notbe;Don’tplay;notbe三、单词拼写1．Heboughtaset(套)ofthe_______（工具）．2．What'sUFO_______（确切地），Mike?3.Sheis_______（已经）17yearsold.Shecanlookafterherself.4.Theydidn'tinvitetheboy_______（反而）．5.Didyou_______（出席）yourson'sparents'meetingyesterday?6．Heisagood_______（例子；榜样）inourclass.7．It's_______(可能的）torainthisevening.8.Nomatterwhathappens,we'llkeepthe_______（秘密）．9．Hekept_______（拼写）thewordwrong.10._______（使处于某种状态）thewetbookinthesunforsometime.11．Couldyoupassthebooktome?_______(certain),hereyouare!12.Therearemany_______(brush)inthebox.13.Theboyisafraidtospeakinfrontofthewholeclass.Heis_______(active)．14.Sheisthetopstudentinmyclass.Sheoftenanswersquestions_______(correct).15.Didyouenjoy_______(you)inthesummerholiday,boysandgirls?【答案】1.tools2,exactly3.already4.instead5.attend6.example7.possible8.secret9.spelling10.Leave11.Certainly12.brushes13.inactive14.correctly15.yourselves四、完形填空MyparentstookmetoJapanwhenIwaslittle.Ilivedthereforfiveyears._1_Icameback,myJapanesewasverygood.“CanIdosomethingusefulwithmyJapanese?”Iaskedmyself.Then,onedaylastspring,Igotagoodchance.EveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewith__2__todo.MyfatherboughtmeaJapanesebook.“Whydon’tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbetterthan___3___putergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButI__4__Ifounditwashardtokeepthepromise.OnedayinMay,theweatherwasbeautiful.ButIcouldn’tgoout.Those2,000wordswerestill_5__me.Aftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn’tmakemyselfturnthepages.HowIwishedIcouldjustgooutsideand__6__footballwithmyfriends!Icountedthewordsagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting___7__mymind.Onesaid,“Don’tgiveup!Keepworkinghard,andyouwilldowell!”Butthentheotheronesaid“Goandplay!Itwillbemore__8_thantranslating.Doyourworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwould__9___theputerButthenIremember__10__myparentshadtoldme:“Whateveryoudo,don’tstophalfway.”SoIsatdownandwentonwithit.()1.A.BecauseB.UntilC.SinceD.When()2.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything()3.A.beplayedB.playingC.playedD.plays()4.A.justthenB.rightnowC.soonD.suddenly()5.A.talkingtoB.lookingatC.smilingatD.waitingfor()6.A.playB.giveC.buyD.watch()7.A.inB.withC.aboutD.for()8.A.funB.importantC.usefulD.dangerous()9.A.turnonB.turnoffC.openD.close()10.A.howB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】1~5DABCD6~10AAABD五、阅读理解AfriendofminenamedPaulreceived（收到）anexpensivecarfromhisbrotherasaChristmaspresent．OnChristmasEvewhenPaulcameoutofhisoffice，astreeturchin(顽童)waswalkingaroundtheshiningcar．“Isthisyourcar，Paul？”heasked．Paulanswered，“Yes，mybrothergaveittomeforChristmas．”Theboywassurprised（惊奇）．“Youmeanyourbrothergaveittoyouanditdidn’tcostyouanything？Boy，Iwish…”Hehesitated(犹豫)．Ofcourse，Paulknewwhathewasgoingtowishfor（希望）．Hewasgoingtowishhehadabrotherlikethat.ButwhattheboysaidsurprisedPaulgreatly.“Iwish,”theboywenton，“thatIcouldbeabrotherlikethat．”Paullookedattheboyinsurprise,thenhesaidagain,“Wouldyouliketotakearideinmycar？”“Ohyes，I’dlovethat．”Afterashortride，theboyturnedandwithhiseyesshining，said，“Paul，wouldyoumind（介意）drivinginfrontofmyhouse？”Paulsmiledalittle．Hethoughtheknewwhattheboywanted．Hewantedtoshowhisneighboursthathecouldridehomeinabigcar.ButPaulwaswrongagain.“Willyoustopwherethosetwostepsare？theboyasked．Heranuptothesteps.TheninashortwhilePaulheardhimingback,buthewasnotingfast.Hewascarryinghislittlecrippled（残疾的）brother.Hesathimdownonthestepandpointedtothecar.“Theresheis,Buddy,justlikeItoldyouupstairs.HisbrothergaveittohimforChristmasanditdidn’tcosthimacent（美分）.AndsomedayI’mgoingtogiveyouonejustlikeit…thenyoucanseeforyourselfallthenicethingsintheChristmaswindowsthatI’vebeentryingtotellyouabout.”Paulgotoutandliftedtheboytothefrontseatofhiscar.Theshiningeyedolderbrotherclimbedinbesidehimandthethreeofthembegananunforgettable（难忘的）holidayride.()16.Thestreeturchinwasverysurprisedwhen________．A.PaulreceivedanexpensivecarB.PaultoldhimaboutthecarC.hesawtheshiningcarD.hewaswalkingaroundthecar()17.Fromthestorywecanseetheurchin________．A.wishedtogivehisbrotheracarB.wantedPaul’sbrothertogivehimacarC.wishedhecouldhaveabrotherlikePaul’sD.wishedPaulcouldbeabrotherlikethat()18.TheurchinaskedPaultostophiscarinfrontofhishouse________．A.toshowhisneighboursthebigcarB.toshowhehadarichfriendC.tolethisbrotherrideinthecarD.totellhisbrotherabouthiswish()19.Wecaninfer（推断）fromthestorythat________．Paulcouldn’tunderstandtheurchinB.theurchinhadadeeploveforhisbrotherC.theurchinwishedtohavearichbrotherD.theurchin’swishcametrueintheend()20.Thebestnameofthenamestoryis_________．A.AChristmasPresentB.AStreetUrchinC.ABrotherLikeThatD.AnUnforgettableHolidayRide【答案】BADBCSkindivingisanewsporttoday．Thissporttakesyouintoawonderfulnewworld.Itislikeavisittothemoon！Whenyouareunderwater,itiseasyforyoutoclimbbigrocks,becauseyouarenolongerheavy．Here，underwater，everythingisblueandgreen.Duringtheday，thereisenoughlight．Whenfishswimnearby（附近），youcancatchthemwithyourhands．Whenyouhavetanks（罐子）ofaironyourback，youcanstayindeepwaterfora