雅思分类词汇合集

雅思词汇分类汇总1/2目录 Education 1 Media 3 Technology 6 Government 8 Tourism 9 Languages 9 Culture 10 Development 11 Globalisation 13 Women 13 Family 14 Crime 14 Animals 15 Environment 16 Transportation 17 Employment 18Educationparenting/upbringing家长对孩子的教育schooling学校对学生的教育awareness=sense=recognition意识cultivate=develop=nurture=foster培养creative有创造力的physical身体的psychological心理的peers同龄人[pl.]motivation动力motivated有动力的adapttosth.=adjustoneselftosth.=becomeaccustomedtosth.适应…discipline纪律；学科（统称）indiscipline=misbehaviour=mischief不遵守纪律的行为stimulating令人思维活跃的memorise记忆acquire=obtain=attain=gain=haveaccesstoknowledge获得知识grasp对于某种知识或技能的掌握physicalgrowth/development身体的发育mentaldevelopment智力的发展emotionaldevelopment心理的发展promote=encourage=contributeto促进（某种发展）attendschool上学innate先天就具有的helpstudentstosharpen/honetheir…skills帮助学生提高某种技能single-sexschool只有男生或女生的学校humanities人文科学socialsciences社会科学naturalsciences自然科学engineering工程学basicsciences基础科学generalist通才（但并非对每个领域都钻研得很深入）specialist专才well-rounded=versatile全面发展的curriculum学校所提供的各个科目的统称，学校的科目设置acourse具体的一门课awiderangeof…=awidevarietyof…广泛的，多种多样的theoreticalknowledge理论知识scientificexperiment科学实验provideinspirationforsb./sth.提供灵感apositiverolemodel正面的榜样anarduoustask辛劳的任务teachingmethod=ateacher’sapproachtoteaching教学方法educationalists教育专家homework/assignment作业beproficientin对（某种技能）掌握得非常熟练的job/employment/employable/employability/marketableskills就业技能recruit/recruitment招聘freshgraduates刚毕业的学生highlyspecializedknowledgeandskills/expertise很专业的知识与技能instill…intostudents灌输（某种观念）givestudentsmotivationtodosth./motivatestudentstodosth.给学生动力expectations（家长或教师的）期望pursuit=aspiration=ambition（学生自身的）志向、追求competitive竞争非常激烈的self-confidence自信respectstudents’individuality/respectindividualdifferencesintheclassroom尊重学生的个性focusonsth.=concentrateonsth集中精力于事物apply/application应用（知识或技能）combine=integrate结合thinkindependently独立地思考encouragestudentstothinkcritically鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题haveagoodgrasp(=command)of很好地掌握某方面的知识evaluateteachers’performance=studentsappraise评价老师的教学students’feedback=students’input=feedbackfromstudents来自学生的反馈kindle=spark=stimulate激发（兴趣、想象力等）equations方程式formulas公式theorems定理laws定律stifle(=extinguish=constrain)children’screativity抑制孩子们创造力的发展demotivate/reducestudents’enthusiasmforlearning减少学生的学习积极性frustratestudents=makestudentsfeelfrustrated带给学生们挫败感complainaboutsth./complaintaboutsth.抱怨creat/begetunduestress产生不必要的压力assignstudentstodifferentclassesbasedontheiracademicabilities=dividestudentsbyacademicperformance把学生们按不同的学习能力或学业表现分班personality/charactertraits性格特点adversity/hardship/adversecircumstance逆境interpersonalskills人际交往的能力communicationskills沟通能力participateinsth./participationinsth.参加、参与extra-curricularactivities=non-academicactivities课外活动athletic擅长体育运动的sportsmanship公平竞争的运动员精神perseverance毅力、顽强的意志disruptive/unrulystudents违反纪律的学生behaviouralproblems行为问题youthcrime=juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪moralvalues道德观念integrity正直的品格apositiveattitudetowardslife=apositiveoutlookonlife积极的人生态度avaluablememberofsociety社会的有用成员promotethestudents’physicalandemotional(=mental=psychological=intellectual)development促进学生身心健康psychologicalsoundness(=well-being=welfare)心理健康aptitude=talent学习能力（先天的）skill学习能力（后天的）youngsters=youths=adolescents青少年impart/inculcateknowledge传授知识instillhighmoralvalues灌输高尚的道德观givethestudentsinspiration给学生以灵感teaching/pedagogicalmethodology教学法adaptability适应能力students’grasp/commandofwhathasbeentaught学生对老师所教知识的掌握force-feedthestudents填鸭式教法教学生studentsshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas薛恒不应该只是被动接受知识的容器learnthingsbyrote死记硬背memoriseformemorisation’sownsake为了记忆而记忆asenseofobligation(=duty=responsibility)责任感followsth.blindly(=indiscriminately)盲从mouldone’scharacter塑造某人的性格dampen/sapthestudents’enthusiasm=frustratethestudents打击学生的积极性segregatestudents把学生分开教育peerpressure来自其他同学的压力teamspirit团队精神learnthingsthroughunderstanding在理解的基础上学习syllabus具体一门课的内容Aschoolissocietyinminiature学校是社会的缩影contributetosocietalwellbeing(=welfare)为社会健康发展作贡献arts艺术liberalstudies=arts文科sciences理科appliedsciences应用科学primary-leveleducation小学教育secondary-leveleducation中学教育tertiary-leveleducation大学教育vocationaleducation(=training)职业教育youngjuveniles青少年duringtheirformativeyears他们的成长年vulnerablechildren脆弱易受伤害的孩子unabletodistinguishbetweenfantasyandreality不能区分幻境和真实anti-socialbehaviour反社会行为modernepidemic(=disease)现代流行病stillremainsamatterofconcern仍然是一个让我们堪忧的问题mustbetreatedwithcaution必须重视对待improvecognitiveskills提高认知能力improveinterpersonalskills提高人际交往能力instillthehealthycompetition灌输良性竞争意识instillthesenseofcooperation灌输合作意识enhancetheircreativityandimagination加强创造力和想象力provideopportunitiesforaholistic(=overall=comprehensive)lifestyle提供全方面风格的机会enhancetheirtalents加强先天的学习能力developtheirmultiple-intelligence发展多元智力effective,efficientandapragmatic(=practical)way学以致用experientiallearning经验主义学习hands-onexperience动手经验peersupport=peercoaching同龄之间的帮助adverseeffects=disastrousrepercussions负面影响peerpressure同龄之间的压力sufferfromseparationanxiety遭受分离焦虑parentsplayapivotalrolein家长起着重要的作用parentsshouldsetthetone(=example)fortheirchildren’sbehaviour家长应该为他们孩子的行为设定榜样childrenaresweptintothemaelstromoftheirparents’lifestyle孩子们被卷入家长生活习惯的漩涡中，被父母影响hasprofoundandlongtermeffects有深远和长远的影响one-sidedintellectual单边智力发展Mediapaparazzi狗仔队massmedia大众媒体entertainment娱乐journalism新闻业journal期刊thelatestnews最新消息exclusivenews独家新闻newsagency新闻社newsblockout新闻封锁newscensorship新闻审查freedomofthepress新闻自由coverage新闻报道doreportageon…报导…hittheheadlines上头条issue出版、发行newsstand报摊free-lancerwriter自由撰稿人chiefeditor总编editorial社论newsworthy值得报道的barometer晴雨表thebarometerofpublicopinion舆论的晴雨表livebroadcast直播quizshow智力竞争节目gameshow游戏节目varietyshow综合节目talkshow脱口秀sitcom情景喜剧soapopera肥皂剧moviestar电影明星movieking影帝moviequeen影后affair绯闻celebrity名人fame名声risetofame声名鹊起fan粉丝invadeone'sprivacy侵扰了…的隐私misleading误导性的cheating欺骗性的popularity知名度scandal丑闻sensational轰动的prevalent普遍的、流行的imperative重要的、必要的audienceratings收视率propaganda宣传beabductedby受…诱导purifyone'ssoul净化心灵liveinvirtualwould生活在一个虚拟世界中beagreatcomforttosomebody对…来说是一个巨大安慰meetdifferenttastes满足不同口味providesomebodywithsomething给…提供…followthefashionblindly盲目追逐时尚commitcrimes犯罪beinconceivabletosomebody对…来说是难以想象的impressive给人印象深刻的righttoknow知情权inthedisguiseof…打着…的幌子endangersocialstabilityandsafety危害社会稳定和安全informationera信息时代keeponeinformedaboutsomething使人们了解…audience/viewers观众haveunhealthyandharmfuleffectson…对…有不良影响information-explosionsociety信息爆炸的社会influential有影响的revolutionizethewayweacquireinformation彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式blessing福curse祸variousthrillingprograms各种各样激动人心的节目poor-qualityprograms低质量节目ever-accelerated不断发展的exaggerate夸张enjoyable令人享受的fashionable时尚的electromagneticradiation电磁辐射psychologicalillnesses心理疾病isolated孤僻的unimaginative缺乏想象力的unsociable不好社交的deprivesomebodyofone'simaginationandcreativity使…丧失了想象力和创造力jeopardizeone'shealth危害健康beexposedto…了解到…接触到…finditswayintoeveryfamily进入千家万户globalvillage地球村indulgein…沉溺于…beaddictedto…对…上瘾befascinatedby…被…所吸引bedependenton…依赖…second-handinformation二手信息goastray误入歧途embarkonthecriminalroad走上犯罪道路irresistible无法抵制的hallmark标志createtopicsofdiscussion制造交谈话题criticalthinking批判性思维powerfulmeansofcommunication有力的交流工具maincause主因tempting有诱惑力的reliable可靠的familyattachment家庭归属感mutualunderstanding相互了解alienationofaffection感情疏远besickof…对…厌倦generationgap代沟exchangesoffeelings感情交流emotionalbond感情纽带strengthenfamilyties加强家庭纽带关系bedetachedfromreality与现实隔绝distinguishrightfromwrong明辨是非edifying有教育意义的couchpotato电视迷beharmfulto…对…有害imitate模仿inexpressible难以形容的physicalandmentalhealth身心健康stimulateone'simaginationandcreativity激发某人想象力和创造力unwholesomelifestyle.不健康的生活方式agreatdealofinformation大量的信息disinteresting令人索然无味的accurate准确的prevalent=ubiquitous=pervasive无处不在的objective=balanced客观的biased=unobjective=skewed不客观的celebrity名人journalists记者thepress新闻界coverageofsth.对于某事的报道cover报道misleading=misrepresented有误导性的reliable=trustworthy=dependable可靠的，值得信任的up-to-the-minute/up-to-date（新闻）非常及时的sway=influence（媒体）影响（公众）present呈现，提供informative信息量大的entertaining很有娱乐性的currentaffairs时事thepress新闻界printmedia印刷媒体electronic/digitalmedia电子媒体newsoutlets报道新闻的机构false虚假的beawashwith=beinundatedwith=besaturatedwith=fill...with充斥着…censor/censorship政府对媒体进行的审查haveeasyaccessto可以轻易地获取或者使用某事物delete=eliminate=excise删除excessive(=gratuitous)violentandpornographiccontents过多的暴力与色情内容advertisingcampaign大规模的广告宣传活动intensively-advertisedproducts被广告密集宣传的产品primetime=peakviewingtime电视节目的黄金时段embeddedmarketing=productplacement植入式广告TV/televisioncommercials电视广告sponsor赞助商public-interestadvertising=non-commercialadvertising=non-profitadvertising公益广告theratings=audienceratings收视率spoilsb’senjoymentofsth.让某人很扫兴pop-upadvertisements=pop-upadvertisingwindows网页上弹出的广告窗口emailspamming群发垃圾邮件的恶劣行为tempting诱人的besusceptibletoadvertising容易受到广告影响的fraudulent=cheating诈骗性的，欺骗性的…istheprimarysourceofsth.…是某事物的首要来源exaggeratethings=sensationalisethings=blowthingsoutofallproportions夸大事件violate(=infringeon=intrudeon)someone’sprivacy侵犯隐私reportsth.Ingraphicdetail报道非常详尽的细节mediahype媒体炒作expose=reveal揭露tarnish(=sully=smear=besmirch)one’sreputation毁坏某人的名誉scandals丑闻coverup=glossover=whitewash掩盖factualaccounts如实的描述newsworthy有新闻价值的codeofethics=codeofconduct道德准则frontnews头版新闻insight洞察力facilitatecommunicationbetweenbusinesspeopleandthepublic方便商界与大众的沟通impressive给人印象深刻的vivid生动活泼的visualenjoyment视觉享受wittylanguageandvividpicture诙谐机智的语言和鲜明活泼的画面wit=wisdom智慧flyinthefaceoftruth违反事实misrepresented不如实叙述的misleading误导的fictitious编造的exaggerate=sensationalize夸大、夸张sensational轰动的deceive欺骗、诈骗induce劝诱deduce推理infringeupon=violate=invade/invasion侵犯infringement触犯pernicious有害无益的conspicuousconsumption炫耀式消费evident=apparent=conspicuous明显的wastefulconsumerism铺张浪费的消费习惯fallvictimto=fallpreyto成为牺牲品establisheffectivelawsandregulations建立有效的法律和法规currentaffairs时事gossip八卦censor/censorship审查expose=reveal揭露infringeupon=violateone’sprivacy侵犯隐私tarnishone’sreputation毁坏某人的名誉Technologyadvancedscience尖端科学scientificinvention科学发明exertafar-reachingimpacton…对…产生一种深远的影响double-edgedsword双刃剑earth-shakingchanges翻天覆地的改变paythewayforthefuturedevelopment为未来的发展铺平道路layasolidfoundationfor…为…打下良好的基础energycrisis能源危机depletionofresources能源消耗milestone里程碑sophisticatedequipment尖端设备technicalinnovation科技创新expediency权宜之计antithetical与…背道而驰的over-commercialized过渡商业化的aheateddiscussion热烈的讨论exhaustgas废气disastrous灾难性的overshadow使…相形见绌comparedto/with…与…相比usherin引领speedyandcomfortable既快捷又舒适oppositeforces负面影响afatalbreakdown致命故障potentialhazards潜在危险poseathreatto…对…有一种威胁promoterelativeindustries促进相关产业发展accelerate加速…meansoftransportation交通方式transportationtools交通工具socialstatus社会地位environmentally-friendlyresources环保的能源makepeople'slifeeasier使人们生活更方便alternativefuel可替代燃料sustainabledevelopment可持续性发展scientificexploration科学探索airtravel航空旅行ridiculous可笑的absurd荒唐的substitute取代overcomedifficulties克服困难makeprogress取得进步asenseofnationalpride民族自豪感unprecedented前所未有的soaring不断上升的giveagreatpushtotheeconomicgrowth极大地推动了经济发展seedramaticbreakthroughs取得突破性进展aggravate使恶化optimize优化cure-allsolution万能良药transformsth.深刻地改变某事物breakthrough突破advance发展astaggeringrate惊人的速度potential潜力available可以利用的enhance=boost=promote提升、增进innovation(s)创新telecommunication(s)远程通信productive高生产率的informativeoverload/explosion信息爆炸productivity生产率cutting-edgetechnology尖端的技术theinformationage/era信息时代theproliferationoftheInternet=theextensiveuseoftheInternet=thewidespreaduseoftheInternet互联网的广泛使用technologicalinnovation/inventions/advances/progressions科技创新及发展augment/enhance/boostefficiency提高效率augment/enhance/boostproductivity提高生产效率labour-savingmachinery可以减少人力的机器labour-replacingmachinery可以取代人力的机器automation自动化automated自动化的technologicaladvances科技的发展advancescientificknowledge推动科学知识的发展produce=manufacture生产，制造assemblyline装配线mass-producesth.=massproduction大规模生产…bewidelyused…被广泛普及adopt接受（某种与过去不同的生活方式、与过去不同的新技术、新方法或者新策略）theinformationhighway信息高速公路distanceeducation远程教育self-pacedlearning可以自己控制进度的学习socialnetworkingwebsite社交网站onlinefraud网络诈骗biotechnology生物技术clone/cloning克隆genetically-modifiedfood转基因食品chemicalfertilizer化肥healthrisks健康风险one’sgeneticmakeup=one’sDNAprogramming人的基因构成device=equipment设备portable便于携带的real-timecommunication=instantmessaging实时的信息交流artificialintelligence人工智能computer-generated用电脑生成的cloudcomputing云计算superconductortechnology超导技术supersonicflight超音速飞行spaceexploration=spaceprobe太空探索mannedspacemission载人航天任务weightlessconditions失重状态weathersatellite气象卫星satisfyhumancuriosity满足人类的好奇心excessiveuseofsth.对某事物过度的使用interruption干扰disruption骚扰interactwitheachother与每个人互动feeloutoftouch失联socialisolation社会绝缘digitalmedia=electronicmedia电子媒介printmedia印刷媒介withonekeystroke关键的一个动作onlineromances网恋distanceromances异地恋computerizedcommunication电脑上的沟通spams垃圾邮件censorshipincyberspace监管虚拟空间acomputer-literatechild有电脑文化的孩子pornographicphotos色情照片housebound关在家里depersonalizedbusiness没人情味的公司computerizedcrimes=cybercrimes网络犯罪thecomputersavvy电脑高手trackeverystep追踪每一步work-lifeequilibrium(=balance)工作生活的平衡processingpower处理能力betiredof…受够了apreciouscommodity宝贵的商品benotactuallyachoice别无选择，没得选beaccountablefor=beresponsiblefor对…负责businesstransactions商品交易aroundtheclock连轴转incentive=reason=motivation目的，原因…iseasiersaidthandone.…说起来容易做起来难Governmentpriority首要的任务,当务之急stability稳定establish建立alleviate=ease=relieve减轻、缓解solve=resolve=combat=tackle=address解决allocatemoneyforsb./tosth.=beapatronof=investin=fund=dedicatemoneytosth.对…拨款statebenefits政府发放的福利ban=forbid=prohibit禁止scrutinise=supervise=monitor=scrutiny监督theauthorities主管部门administer=regulate=monitor=oversee管理,规范impose强加给…taxrevenue税收democratic民主的demand需求efficient高效率的citizens/thecitizenry老百姓implementapolicy执行或实施某一政策legislate=makelaws立法strictlyprohibit=banaltogether严禁stringentlaws(=legislation)严格的法律budget预算thegovernmentspending(=expenditure)onsth.政府开支curtail削减augment增加giveprioritytosth.把…当作当务之急duty=responsibility=obligation责任armsrace军备竞赛self-defence自卫national(=homeland)security国土安全short-sightedpolicy缺乏远见的政策expansion=aggression扩张seek(=pursue)hegemony谋求霸权aviciouscircle恶性循环destabilisingfactors地区不稳定因素rulesandregulations规章制度spacerace太空竞赛arms=weapons=armaments武器laid-off(=downsized)workers下岗工人unemployment=joblessness失业infrastructure基础设施publictransportsystem公共交通设施powergrid电网democracy民主pipelines石油天然气管线watersupplyanddrainagesystem给排水系统ademocraticandprogressivegovernment民主与开明的政府sensiblepolicy明智的政策strivetodosth.尽全力去做某事attempttodosth.尝试去做某事imposeaheavyburdenonsb.给某人造成严重负担urgent=pressing紧迫的sovereignty主权unemploymentrate失业率workforce劳动力的统称labourshortage劳动力短缺，劳动力匮乏publicwelfareprograms由政府资助的公共福利项目healthcaresystem医疗体系retire/retirement退休ease(=relieve=alleviate)one’sburden减轻某人的负担charity=charitableorganisation慈善组织donate/donation捐献beconcernedaboutsth.很关注的beindifferenttosth.漠不关心的diresituation困境miredindebate让人感到棘手对的combating=dealingwiththislegitimateconcern合情合理的讨论financialaid(=help)经济援助mutualbenefits互惠互利exploitativetrade(=deal)剥削式贸易exploitation剥削unfairdistributionofwealth不公平的财富分配fairtrade公平贸易open-doorpolicy门户开放政策China’sreformandopening-uptotheoutsideworld中国改革开放makeeffortstokeeppacewithdevelopment=makeeffortstokeepcatchupwithdevelopment努力调整发展的节奏revivestagnanteconomy复苏停滞不前的经济have(=take)initiative能动性far-sighteddevelopment长远发展sustainable持续发展的introduceepoch-makingprojects推荐划时代的项目facechallenges面对挑战improveinfrastructure完善的基础设施sanitation卫生设施soundleadershipquality良好的领导品质haveeconomicsense经济发展意识requireprodigiousefforts获得巨大的努力ademocraticandprogressivegovernment民主和不断进步的政府curtail削减augment增加givepriorityto优先，当务之急duty=obligation=responsibility责任authorities=government政府，权力机构citizens公民allocatemoneytosth.=dedicatemoneytosth.=investin=fund=patronize拨款becloselyintertwinedwith与..息息相关的beexposedto接触到confidentialphilanthropy慈善事业Tourismbroadenone’shorizons=expandone’soutlook=pushbackone’svision开阔人的眼界broadentheirmindsandexperiences扩展他们的思维与体验conflict(s)with冲突explore探索promote促进restrict限制、阻碍touristattraction(s)=touristspot(s)=place(s)ofinterest旅游景点localresidents=localinhabitants当地居民mutualunderstanding相互了解prejudice偏见enrichone’sexperience丰富人的经历sightseeing观光interactwiththelocals与当地人相互沟通deepentheirunderstandingofthelocalculture加深他们对于当地文化的了解berespectfulofdifferences尊重差异first-handexperience亲身的体验multi-sensoryexperience涉及到多种感官的体验（如听觉，触觉等）enjoythelocalcuisine享受当地的风味美食souvenir纪念品beover-commercialised被过度商业化的promoteculturalcommunication促进文化交流draw=attract=appealto=beamagnetforsb.吸引discord=dissension争端seclude(=isolate)thetouristfromthelocals把游客和当地人隔离commercialise=commodify商业化的second-hand(=vicarious)experience间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网cultureheritage文化遗产theInternetwillnotrendertourismobsolete互联网不会让旅游业过时Languagestheproliferationof…的大量扩散playadominantrolein在…中占统治地位go/becomeextinct=dieout灭绝languagebarrier语言障碍lesser-knownlanguages=minoritylanguages小语种thewidespreaduseof…的广泛使用thedominantrole(=theascendancy=thehegemony)ofEnglish英语的统治地位bilingual双语的ameansofcommunication一种沟通工具avehicleforthought一张传递思想的工具sth.isnotset(=carved)instone某事物并不是一成不变的alinguafranca=auniversallanguage=agloballanguage一种可以通用的语言theproliferationofEnglish英语的广泛使用dialect=vernacular=theindigenouslanguage方言lesser-knownlanguageswillbecomeextinct(=obsolete)小语种将会消亡theextinction(=demise)oflesser-knownlanguages小语种的消亡Cultureculturaldiversity文化多元化culturaltreasures文化宝藏cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交流culturalreconstruction文化重建spiritualcivilization精神文明heritage遗产achievementsofart艺术成就teardown拆除humanehistoricalsites人文历史遗址preservetheculturalrelics保护文化遗产blueprint蓝图skyscraper摩天大楼high-riseofficebuildings高层写字楼cityconstruction城市建设well-structured结构良好的crystallization结晶visualenjoyment视觉享受drivingforce驱动力reconstruct重建destruct破坏architecturalindustry建筑工业mapout制定出citydesigning城市设计beautifyourlife美化我们的生活humancivilization人类文明cradleofculture文化摇篮mainstreamculture主流文化culturaltraditions文化传统nationalpride民族自豪localcustomsandpractices风土人情attractpeople'seyes吸引人们的眼球artistictaste艺术品味cornerstone基石becloselyinterrelatedwith…与…有密切关系adheretothetradition坚持传统architecturalvandalism破坏建筑行为carryforward…弘扬…culturalneeds文化需求reputation声望maintaintheworldpeace维护世界和平artisticreflection艺术反映givepublicityto…宣传…burden负担causeirreversibledamage造成不可逆转的损失nationalidentityandvalue民族特性和价值观removeprejudiceandmisunderstanding消除偏见和误解symbol象征artisticstandards艺术水准enjoygreatpopularity广受欢迎culturaldevolution文化退化culturalinsights文化视角learnaboutthewould了解世界athrillingexperience一种令人激动的经历abstract抽象的concrete具体的movesomebodytotears使…感动落泪getrelaxedandentertained得到放松和娱乐venue场所hasitsvalue有其自己价值inspiration灵感scopeofknowledge知识面spreadknowledge传播知识lastingartisticworks永恒的艺术作品abstruse深奥的breakwitholdcustoms抛弃传统carrydownfromgenerationtogeneration代代相传advocatethenewlifestyle.倡导新的生活方式entertainment娱乐bedifferentfrom…与…不同directexperience直接经验echo共识satiatepeople'spsychologicaldemands满足心理需求attachmoreimportanceto…更重视…spiritualenhancement精神升华amirrorof…是…的一面镜子determinant决定性因素eclipse使…相形见绌contributeto…有助于…asenseofcoolandsatisfaction一种惬意的感觉pastimes消遣方式nurtureimagination培养想象力meditation沉思anessenceofimmortality永恒的精髓instructive有启发性的edification熏陶arouseone'scuriosityaboutsomething引发某人对某事的好奇心enrichone'sknowledge丰富某人知识valueofknowledge知识的价值culturaldifferences文化差异性ancestors=forefathers祖先multicultural多元文化的descendants=posterity后代culturalassimilation文化同化discrimination歧视indiscriminate盲目的asenseofbelonging归属感time-honoured历史悠久的culturalheritage文化遗产culturaldiversity=culturalheterogeneity文化多样性culturalidentity文化特性artistic艺术方面的ethnicminorities少数民族interaction相互交流liveinharmonywitheachother彼此和谐相处prejudice偏见equalopportunities平等的机会valuable=precious珍贵的preserve(=protect)historicsites保护历史遗址conservative思想保守的bereluctanttomakechanges不愿意做改变的Culturalheritagewhichcanbedividedintotwogroups:tangibleculturalheritage,suchashistoricsitesasintangibleculturalheritage,suchascustoms,rites,ritualsandmores,etc.文化遗产包括有形的和无形的两种，有形的如历史遗迹；无形的如风俗、仪式、传统道德、观念等。theharmonybetweenethnicgroups(=races)民族团结culturalintegrationandsynthesis文化融合enrich丰富insular(=provincial=parochial)mentality狭隘的观念deprecate=denigrate=minimizetheimportanceof=disparage=trivialize=discredit贬低sth.Isnotset(=carved)instone…不是一成不变的Developmentthepace(=tempo)oflife生活节奏thegapbetweenurbanareasandruralareas=thedisparitybetweenthecityandthecountryside城乡差距eliminate消除facilities设施inferior质量差的alienated（人与人之间）疏远的charity慈善机构materialistic（人）物质化的，现实的，功利的sedentary久坐的、缺少运动的thepresent/currentsituation现状exterior=appearance（建筑的）外观abalanceddiet均衡的饮食结构function功能impede=hinder=hamper=obstruct=inhibit阻碍povertyalleviation扶贫economicboom=economicprosperity经济的快速发展lagbehind落后于supply供给mindset=mentality心态greedy=selfish=self-centred贪婪的，自私的modesoftransport=meansoftransport（公共的）交通运输方式vehicle车辆transportfacilities交通设施publictransport公共交通thenumberofcarowners=thelevelofcarownership拥有汽车的人数thevolumeoftraffic=trafficvolume交通量petrol(BrE)=gasolie(AmE)汽油dependence(=reliance)oncars对于汽车的依赖commuters每天开车或乘车上下班的人们，“通勤者”trafficjams=trafficcongestion=gridlock交通堵塞well-organised有秩序的caraccident=carcollision=carwrecks撞车pedestrians行人roadoffenders交通肇事者recklessdrivers不计后果的司机，野蛮驾驶者jaywalk=jaywalking违章横穿马路hindereconomicdevelopment阻碍经济的发展reducepoverty=alleviatepoverty减轻贫困thegrowinggapbetweentherichandthepoor=thewideninggapbetweentherichandthepoor不断加大的贫富差距job(=employment)opportunities就业机会disposableincome可支配的收入oldbuildingsofhighartisticvalue=oldbuildingsofspecialaestheticvalue有很高审美价值的老房子buildingsofhistoricalsignificance有特殊历史意义的老房子urban(=city)planning城市规划overcrowded过度拥挤的functionalzoningofurbanareas对城市按照功能进行的分区residentialarea住宅区centralbusinessdistrict中央商务区，核心商务区demolish=teardown=knockdown=raze拆除pedestrianzone=car-freezone步行区skyscrapers摩天大楼commercialbuildings商业建筑officecomplex=officeblock大型办公楼，办公综合楼admissioncharges博物馆的门票收费provideawideselectionofbooks提供内容广泛的书籍urbanization城市化smog/smoggy城市里被污染的污浊空气respiratorydiseases呼吸道疾病urbanresidents城市居民relocate搬迁construct=build建造jobsatisfaction工作满意度incentive能给人动力的事情increaseemployees’enthusiasmfortheirwork=boostemployeemorale提高员工们的工作热情reduceemployees’enthusiasmfortheirwork=diminishemployeemorale减少员工们的工作热情jobsecurity职业稳定性lightworkload工作量轻的heavyworkload工作量重的someone’sskillset一个人所拥有的职业技能的总称careerpath事业的发展方向colleague=coworker同事supervisor上司highlycompetitive竞争非常激烈的officepolitics=workplacepolitics同事之间为了利益进行的明争暗斗，“办公室政治”careerprogressionopportunities职业发展空间promotion提职loyalty/loyal忠诚rewarding很有回报的telecommute/telecommuting在家上班flexible灵活的，自由度大的workschedule工作日程timeconstraints时间方面所受到的限制labourpool劳动力的来源treat/treatment治疗depression抑郁症chronicstressandanxiety由长期压力引发的疾病insomnia=sleep-deprivation=sleeplessness失眠sedentarylifestyle缺少运动的生活方式endurance=stamina耐力ahigh-fat,high-calorieandhigh-saltdiet高脂肪、高热量、多样的不健康饮食结构anunbalanceddiet不均衡的饮食结构frozenfood冷冻食品foodadditives食品添加剂obesity/obese肥胖症cardiovasculardiseases心血管疾病ahealthydiet健康的饮食结构ahigh-fiber,high-proteinandlow-caloriediet高纤维、高蛋白质、低热量的饮食结构nutritious富含营养的sb’sintakeofsth摄入量eatinghabits=dietaryhabits饮食习惯immunesystem免疫系统carcinogen致癌物populationboom=populationexplosion人口激增familyplanning=birthcontrol控制生育populationageing人口老龄化overnourishment营养过剩high-risebuilding高楼urban城市的rural乡村的leisure=recreation休闲amusementandenjoyment精神上的享受entertainment=diversion娱乐laissez-fairemanagement宽松的管理operatingcosts=overheadcosts运营成本recruit雇佣counterproductive会导致效率降低的labourpool劳动力资源pretentious=ostentatious爱慕虚荣的needy=poverty-stricken=impoverished=deprived=destitute=indigent贫穷的affluent=wealthy=well-off富裕的trafficaccidentperpetrators交通肇事者surveillancecamera监控摄像头vernaculardwellings民居enhancethecityscape让城市更美观decrepit=rundown=rickety=dilapidated破旧的pursuemaximumprofit追求最大限度利润materialistic=mercenary=money-worshipping过于功利的createalienationbetweenpeople导致人与人之间疏远fatigue疲劳thepace(=tempo)oflifehasaccelerated.生活节奏加速Globalisationsweepingtrends席卷一切的潮流synthesizetheAsianandtheWesterncultures有机结合东西文化internationaltrade国际贸易multinationalcorporations(=companies)跨过公司erode侵蚀（本土文化）interdependent相互依存的universal普遍的isolated孤立的import进口export出口mutuallybeneficial对于双方都有益的unique独特的disappear/disappearances消失blurthedifferencesbetween…and…让两者之间的界限变得模糊removegeographicboundaries扫除地理的界限aglobalvillage地球村culturalassimilation文化同化erodelocalcultures侵蚀当地的文化transcendnationalboundaries超越国界(nationalorregional)culturalidentity（一个国家或地区的）文化特性globalculturalhomogenization全球文化同一化过程（即地区文化特性的消失）culturalhomogeneity=culturaluniformity文化同一性globalizationisatwo-edgedsword全球化是一把双刃剑erodetheAsianculture侵蚀亚洲文化enrichmentofnationalculture国家文化的丰富opendoorpolicy开放政策erroneous错误的acculturate同化的hourlyandintensively分分秒秒地disseminate传播（意识，形态，香味等）ideology意识形态quickeningpace不断加速的sweepingchange横扫一片superpowers强权主力dominate主导culturalscene文化景观exclusion排斥suppress镇压unification统一giveriseto=contributeto导致nationalidentity=ethnicalidentity民族特性interruption干扰disruption骚扰congestion堵塞accompany陪伴hostile=aggressive不友好的resorts=holidaycomplex胜地over-consume过分消耗foreignexchangerevenue外汇收入tertiaryindustry第三产业boost=promote快速提高domesticdemand拉动内需culturalheritage文化遗产inherit继承entertainmentsector娱乐圈advertisingsector广告业Womendomesticviolence家庭暴力genderequality性别平等careerpath事业的发展方向genderbalance性别均衡stereotype思维定势discriminationagainst歧视anenlightened/aprogressivesociety一个开明的社会householdchores=housework家务事phys