Unit8知识点梳理牛津译林版英语八年级上册

Unit81.WhenIwokeup,therewaswatereverywhere!wakeup醒过wakesb.up叫醒某人e.g.Iwakeupatsixeverymorning.我每天早上六点钟醒来。2.WhowillmopupthewaterifIgohomewithoutyou?mopup拖干净，把......拖干净e.g.HobowantsEddietomopupthewater.Hobo想要Eddie把水拖干净。3.Earthquakekillsthousandsofpeoplethousandsof成千上万的“thousands+of+名词”表示不确定的数目，强调数量多。e.g.Therearethousandsofpeopleontheroad.路上有成千上万的人。4.Caraccidentkillsthreemenacaraccident一场车祸e.g.Therewasacaraccidentyesterday.昨天有一场车祸。5.Coachcrashesintotreecrashinto猛撞，碰撞e.g.Acarcrashedintoatreelastnight.昨天晚上一辆车猛撞到一棵树上。6.Floodwashedawayvillagewashaway冲走e.g.Aterriblefloodwashedawayhishouse.一场可怕的洪水冲走了他的房子。7.Youngboyfallsfromtreeandhurtslegsfallfrom从……掉下，落下e.g.Theboyfellfromatreeandhurthislegs.那个男孩从树上掉下来伤到了他的腿。8.Lightninghitaclassroombuildinganditcaughtfire.catchfire着火e.g.Thehousecaughtfirebecauseofthelightening.因为闪电那个房子着火了。在表示具体的火灾实例或炉火时，fire用作可数名词；fire用作物质名词时，为不可数名词。如：Theypickupstickstomakeafire.他们拾了些树枝来生火。9.Ifeltaslightshake.feelaslightshake感到一阵轻微的震动

shake既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，意为“摇动，震动”。shake作及物动词时，后可跟名词（短语）或代词作宾语。e.g.Don’tshakeyourfistatme.shake还可以用作名词，意为“摇动”，是可数名词，一般与a连用。e.g.Igavemypurseashake,andacoinfellout.10.ThenIheardaloudnoiselikethunder.loudadj.响亮的；大声的；喧闹的e.g.Icouldn’thearwhathesaidbecausetheradiowastooloud.我听不到他说什么，因为收音机太吵了。loudadv.大声地e.g.Don’ttalksoloud.Yourbrotherissleeping.不要说那么大声。你弟弟正在睡觉。11.Peoplescreamedinfear.fearn.害怕；恐惧infear害怕地，恐惧地e.g.Thechildwascryingwithfear.相似的结构还有：introuble有麻烦的inneed需要帮助的indanger处于危险之中inhunger饥饿的fearv.害怕后常接动词不定式作宾语。e.g.Joefearedtotellhisfatherthebadnews.Joe害怕告诉他爸爸坏消息。fear后面还可接that从句作宾语，其意思是“恐怕；担心”。e.g.Shefearedthatshecouldn’tgetthereat9:00am.她担心她早上九点到不了那。12.Someranoutofthebuilding.runoutof…从……跑出e.g.Somestudentsrunoutoftheclassroom.一些学生从教室里跑出来。13.Outside,peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.runinalldirections跑向四面八方e.g.Theenemybegantorunawayinalldirections.敌军四处逃窜。whileconj.当……的时候，和……同时后接句子，但它所表示的含义和用法有所不同。★while可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，它引导的时间状语从句通常用进行时态。e.g.ThetelephonerangwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.★while也可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比。e.g.IwouldliketoseeafilmthisSaturdaywhilemysisterwantstogoshopping.14.Thenthewallsbegantoedowntoo!edown崩塌，坍塌e.g.Thebuildingbegantoedown.这个楼开始坍塌了。15.…ItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.calmdown冷静下来，平静下来看到别人紧张或者愤怒，想劝其冷静下来时，可以使用这个短语calmv.使平静，使镇静n.平静，宁静adj.平静的，镇静的e.g.Just

calmdown

abit!你先静一静！sinceconj.由于；既然引导原因状语从句e.g.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuythecar.因为我们没钱，所以我们不能买汽车。aliveadj.活着的在句中主要作表语，也可作宾语补足语或定语，作定语时，alive只能位于被修饰的名词之后。e.g.Icaughtabirdaliveinthetree.16.…Iwastryingtofindmywayout,…findone’swayout找到出路e.g.Hewantstofindhiswayout.他想要找到出路。17.Theyquicklymovedawaythebricks.moveaway搬走，移走e.g.Please

moveaway

thedeskandthechair.请把那个桌子和那把椅子搬开。18.Timmywasasleepwhentheearthquakestarted.asleepadj.睡着的强调状态，常作表语。fallasleep入睡；睡着e.g.Shewasasleepwithherheadonherarms.sleep，sleepy和asleepsleep，sleepy和asleep都与“睡觉”有关★sleep意为“睡觉”，既可作动词也可作名词。★sleepy作形容词，意为“困乏的，欲睡的”，可作定语或表语。★asleep作形容词，意为“睡着的”，常与fall构成短语fallasleep，意为“入睡”。语法一．过去进行时：1.过去进行时主要表示：在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作Theywereeatingbreakfastat7:00a.m.yesterday.Iwaswritingaletteratthistimeyesterday.Fiveminutesago,DannywaslookingoutofthewindowandSuzywasreadingabook.在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.2.过去进行时的句式（1）基本结构：was/were+Ving（2）肯定句:Iwasreadinganewspaperatthattime.主语+______________________主语+was/were+Ving（3）否定句：ZhangLiwasn’tdoinghomeworkwhenIcameback.主语+______________________wasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’twas/werenot+Vingwasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’t（4）疑问句：—WereyouwatchingTVathomeat9o’clockyesterdayevening?—Yes,Iwas.—WasXuJiarunningwhenyousawher?—No,shewasn’t.Was/Were+主语+ving?肯定回答：Yes,_________________.否定回答：No,_____________________.（5）特殊疑问句：Whatwereyoudoingat8:00lastnight?疑问词+was/were+主语+Ving…二．while,whenandas都表示“当……的时候”。1.while指某一段时间，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。e.g.WhileIwaswatchingTV,hewaslisteningtomusic.2.when和as既可以指某一时间点，又可以指某一段时间，从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，又可以是瞬间性的e.g.When/Ashewokeup,itwaseighto’clock.3.指一段时间时，when、while和as都可用e.g.When/While/AsIwaswaitingofrabus,Imether.以过去的时态为例，主、从句动作关系连词选择时态例句主、从句动作同时发生，而且从句谓语动词为延续性动词when;while;as主句：一般过去时从句：过去进行时When/While/AsIwaswalkinginthestreet,acarcaughtfire.主、从句动作同时发生;主句动作发生的时候，从句动作正在进行While;as主句：一般过去时从句：过去进行时Theearthquakehappenedwhile/aswewerehavingclass.主、从句动作同时进行while主句：过去进行时从句：过去进行时Rubywasreadingabookwhilehismotherwascooking.从句动作发生的时候，主句动作正在进行when主句：过去进行时从句：一般过去时WhenIcamebackhome,mymotherwassleepinginthesofa.从句动作表示主句动作发生的背景或条件as主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.同步练习一、听力测试二、单项选择21.Voice《开讲啦》is_________verypopularTVprograminChina.Oneof_________mostfamoushosts,SaBeining,alwaysappearsinit.A.a;/ B.the;the C.a;the D.the;/【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：《开讲啦》是一个在中国很受欢迎的电视节目。最著名的主持人之一撒贝宁总是出现在节目中。考查冠词用法。第一个空表示泛指的“一个”，用不定冠词a；第二个空是最高级用法的固定结构：oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数。故选C。22.Theteachershaveofferedusseveralpiecesof________abouthowtostopCOVID19.A.advice B.way C.tip D.idea【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：老师们为我们提供了几条关于如何阻止新冠肺炎的建议。考查名词辨析。advice建议；way方式；tip提示；idea想法。根据“offeredusseveralpiecesof…abouthowtostopCOVID19”可知是提供几条建议，故选A。23.TheGreensusedtoliveinLondonandnowthey_____inBeijing.A.usedtolive B.areusedtolive C.areusedtoliving D.areusedforliving【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：史密斯夫妇过去住在伦敦，现在他们习惯在上海生活。考查短语辨析。usedtodosth.：过去常常做某事；beusedtodoingsth.：习惯于做某事；sthbeusedtodosth某物被用来做某事。beusedfor用于；被用于做某事。结合句意可知选C。24.—YouhavebeeninYangzhouforalongtime?—Yes.________Ifinishedmiddleschool.A.For B.As C.When D.Since【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——你在扬州待了很长时间了吧？——是的。自从我初中毕业后。考查连词辨析。For因为；As由于，随着……；When当……的时候；Since自从。根据“YouhavebeeninYangzhouforalongtime?”可知，时态为现在完成时，所以用since引导一般过去时从句，表示“从初中毕业以后到现在为止一直待在扬州”。故选D。25.I_______mycard.Iwanttoreportit.Youcancallthebanktoreporttheloss.Itwouldbefaster.A.LoseB.waslosingC.willloseD.havelost【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我流失了我的卡，我想要报告一下。你可以给银行打报告挂失，这会更快一些。lose丢失，动词原形；waslosing过去进行时态；willlose一般将来时；havelost现在完成时态。根据对话的意思可知，“丢卡”这件事已经发生了，是过去的事情，且强调这个动作对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时态，应选D。26.Wuhan__________Wuchang,HankouandHanyang.A.ismadeof B.ismadefrom C.ismadeupof D.ismadeinto【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：武汉由武昌、汉口和汉阳组成。考查短语辨析。bemadeof由……制成（看出原材料）；bemadefrom由……制成（看不出原材料）；bemadeupof由……组成；bemadeinto被制成。根据“Wuhan...Wuchang,HankouandHanyang.”可知是指武汉由武昌、汉口和汉阳组成，应用bemadeupof。故选C。27.Hisgrandparentslive________inasmallhouse,buttheydon'tfeel________.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.lonely;lonely D.alone;alone【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。

考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。【点睛】

28.

thetimeIgottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.A.On B.In C.By D.With【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。考查介词辨析。on后接具体的日期、具体某一天的上下午或晚上等；in后接年、月、季节、泛指的上下午或晚上等；by不迟于；with与……一起；分析句子成分可知此处是连词，根据“thetime”可知此处指“当我到达公共汽车站时”；bythetime“到……的时候”。故选C。29.—Canyouseethatwhitebuilding?Furtheron________twoniceSichuanrestaurants.—Great!Let’sgothereforanicemeal.A.has B.have C.is D.are【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——你能看到那栋白色的建筑吗？再往前是两家不错的川菜馆。——太棒了！让我们去那里吃顿美餐。考查主谓一致。根据“Furtheron...twoniceSichuanrestaurants.”可知，地点副词在句首，句子用倒装，此句的主语为twoniceSichuanrestaurants，是复数，谓语动词用are。故选D。30.ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhave________visited.A.never B.even C.ever D.yet【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：这是我曾经参观过的最美丽的公园。考查副词辨析。never从未；even甚至；ever曾经；yet还。根据“ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhave...visited.”可知，这是曾经去过的最美丽的公园。故选C。31.MrLi_____Kunming.He_____thecitythreetimes.Thistimehe_____Kunmingforthreedays.A.hasbeento,hasgoneto,havebeeninB.hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeeninC.hasbeenin,hasbeento,havegonetoD.hasgoneto,hasbeenin,hasbeento【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：李先生去了昆明。他去过三次。这一次他已经在昆明三天。考查现在完成时。havebeento,意思是曾经去过某地，现在不在那里；havegoneto去了某地，现在不在说话地点，是瞬间性动词；havebeenin已在某地，现在在那个地方，是延续性动词。第二空根据threetimes，表示去过那里三次，用hasbeento。第三空根据时间段forthreedays用延续性动词。故选B。32.TheChinesegovernment________theRussiaUkraineconflict(冲突)toendsoonthroughdialougue.A.hopes B.hoping C.wishes D.wishing【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：中国政府希望俄乌冲突通过对话尽快结束。考查动词辨析。hopes希望，动词三单；hoping动名词；wishes希望，动词三单；wishing动名词。首先根据“theRussiaUkraineconflict(冲突)toend...”可知此处是wishsbtodosth“希望某人做某事”的结构，而hope无此用法，排除AB选项；此空是作谓语动词，所以应用wishes，故选C。33.—Look!Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Jack________beintheroom.—It________behim.Hehasjustgonetothelibrary.A.can;mustn’t B.must;can’t C.must;mustn’t D.can’t;must【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——看！他房间的灯还亮着。杰克一定子房间里。——那不可能是他。他刚去图书馆了。考查情态动词。can可能；must一定；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能。根据“Thelightinhisroomisstillon”，可知第一个说的应是杰克一定在房间里，要用must；根据“Hehasjustgonetothelibrary.”，可知第二个空说的应是不可能是他，要用can’t。故选B。34.—Wemustworkasateamorwewillfailasecondtime.—Yes.Justasasayinggoes:.A.Onefingercan’tliftasmallstone B.HewholaughslastlaughsbestC.Onestonekillstwobirds D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——我们必须像一个团队一样努力工作，否则我们会再次失败。——是的。俗话说:“一根手指举不动一块小石头。”

考查谚语。Onefingercan'tliftasmallstone.一根手指举不起一块小石头。Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.笑到最后的人笑得最好。Onestonekillstwobirds.一箭双雕。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老学到老。根据Wemustworkhardasateam，可知BCD三项意思都不合语境，故选A。35.—Whatahotday!Wouldyoupleasegetmesomedrinks?—__________A.That’sallright. B.Withpleasure. C.Itdoesn’tmatter. D.Mypleasure.【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——多么热的一天啊！请你给我一些饮料好吗？——愿意效劳。考查交际运用。That’sallright.不要紧没关系。Withpleasure.愿意效劳（用于别人请求你做某事，你很乐意去做的时候。）Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系。Mypleasure.别客气。（用来回答对方的感谢）。根据前句是别人的请求。故选B。三、完型填空Igrabbedsomefoodandsuppliesanddidn’twasteanotherminute.Ihoppedinthecanoeandletitfloatdowntheriver____36____meaway.Severalmilesdownstream,IcameuponJacksonIsland.Itwasrightinthe____37____oftheriver.Isteeredthecanoeuponthebankand____38____inthefreshair.Itfeltgoodtobe____39____atlast.AfterawhileIfetchedmythingsfromthecanoe.Imadeatentoutofmy____40____incaseitrained.NearsundownImadeacampfire.Icaughtafishformy____41____andanextraoneformybreakfast.ThenI____42____backandcountedthestars.Iwasthereforaboutthreedays____43____andfishingandjustbeinglazy.Butlater,Isawsmokeingfromtheothersideoftheisland.Islipped____44____thetreesandcarefullymademywayovertosee____45____itwasrobbersorthieves.Istayedbehindsome____46____atfirst,butthenIdecidedtogetacloserlook.Isawamanstretchedoutwithablanketaroundhis____47____.Isnuckuprealquietandwaited.Prettysoonhestretched,____48____thatblanketcameoff.That’swhenI____49____hisface.ItwasMissWatson’sslave.“Hello,Jim!”Isaid.Jimbouncedupandstaredatmewith____50____eyes.Thenhedroppeddownonhisknees,andputhishandstogether,saying,“Don’thurtme!Pleasedon’t!I’veneverdoneanyharmtoaghost.”36.A.driving B.carrying C.running D.stopping37.A.front B.back C.way D.middle38.A.breathed B.jumped C.sang D.danced39.A.healthy B.excellent C.beautiful D.free40.A.blankets B.clothes C.scarves D.coats41.A.snacks B.food C.lunch D.supper42.A.got B.ran C.lay D.sat43.A.swimming B.hunting C.walking D.running44.A.behind B.below C.through D.above45.A.that B.if C.what D.why46.A.flowers B.boats C.hills D.bushes47.A.hand B.head C.arm D.foot48.A.and B.or C.so D.but49.A.found B.touched C.saw D.hit50.A.wild B.happy C.good D.bright【答案】36.B37.D38.A39.D40.A41.D42.C43.B44.C45.B46.D47.B48.A49.C50.A【解析】【导语】本文讲述了作者乘独木舟到一个小岛上最后见到沃森小姐的奴隶的故事。【36题详解】句意：我跳上独木舟，让它顺流而下把我带走。driving开车；carrying带；running跑；stopping阻止。根据“letitfloatdowntheriver...meaway.”可知是指独木舟带着作者顺流而下，故选B。【37题详解】句意：就在河中央。front前面；back后面；way方式；middle中间。根据“Isteeredthecanoeuponthebank”可推知独木舟处于河中央，inthemiddleof“在……之间”，故选D。【38题详解】句意：我把独木舟划到岸边，呼吸着新鲜空气。breathed呼吸；jumped跳；sang唱歌；danced跳舞。根据“inthefreshair.”可知是指呼吸新鲜空气