2025版高考英语总复习Unit1Friendship教学案新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE1Unit1FriendshipStep1课前打算——单元考点自查自测1.词汇分层级识记过关2.语境活用填写过关3.经典句式背诵仿写过关4.类词巧积累事半功倍(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵Step2课堂探究——核心考点点点突破1.重点难点考点学通练透2.归纳总结拓绽开阔视野3.方法规律技巧权威点拨4.四平八稳打创高效课堂第一时段Warmingup&Reading1．upsetadj.不安的；担忧的；不适的vt.使担忧；使心烦；打翻[教材原句]Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.你的挚友来上学时心情很不好。(1)beupsetabout/over/atsth.为某事烦心/难受beupsettodosth.对做某事感到担忧/难受beupsetthat...……让人担忧(2)upsetoneselfaboutsth.为某事而苦恼Itupsetssb.todosth./that...让某人心烦的是……单句语法填空①Tomwasupset____________(know)thathisrequestforamobilephonewasturneddownbyhisparents.②Ourplans____________(upset)bythesuddenchangeintheweather,sowehadtotryanotherway.一句多译最让我们懊丧的是，因为狂风暴雨我们的航班被推迟了。③________________mostwasthatourflightwasdelayedbecauseofthefiercestorm.(名词性从句)④________________mostthatourflightwasdelayedbecauseofthefiercestorm.(it形式主语)[答案]①toknow②wereupset③Whatupsetus④Itupsetus[学问顾问](1)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。(2)upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。2．concernvt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．关切；关注[教材原句]Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouareconcernedabouthim/herandyouwillmeetafterclassandtalkthen.告知你的挚友你关切他/她，下课后你们就见面谈谈。(1)show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关切(2)concernoneselfabout对……表示关切/担忧(3)concernedadj.担忧的；关注的；相关的beconcernedabout/for担忧……；关切……beconcernedwith与……有关；涉及asfaras...beconcerned就……而言；依……之见(4)concerningprep.关于；有关单句语法填空①________(concern)self－Englishlearningexperience,I'vegotlotsofinterestingstoriestosharewithyouall.②Thesurveyquestioned58womenwithanaverageageof22—youngenoughtobe________(concern)aboutbodyimage.句型转换③(2024·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)AsfarasIamconcerned,themoreyoupractisepaper－cutting,thebetteratityouwillbecome.→_____________________________________________,themoreyoupractisepaper－cutting,thebetteratityouwillbecome.单句写作随着全球变暖越来越严峻，当今人们越来越关切他们居住的环境。④Withtheglobalwarminggettingworse,peoplenowadays_________________________________________(＝__________________________________)theenvironmentwheretheylive.[答案]①Concerning②concerned③Inmyopinion/Inmyview④aremoreandmoreconcernedabout;showmoreconcernabout[易错提示]concernedadj.有关的；担忧的。当它作前置定语时，意为“忧虑的；担忧的；担忧的”；而作后置定语时，意为“有关的；涉及的”。3．addup合计[教材原句]Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyouget.把你的分数相加，看你得多少分。(1)addupto加起来是……，相当于addto增加；促进add...to...把……加到……上addthat...补充说(2)additionn.添加inadditionto除……之外用addup,addupto,add...to,addto的适当形式填空①Thebadweather________________theshipwreckedsailor'sdifficulties.②Wejust________allthenumbers________anddividedonebytheother.③Forahitshow,profitscan________________millionsofdollars.④UnliketheChinese,theEnglishliketo________milkandsugar________tea.[答案]①addedto②added;up③addupto④add;to4．gothrough经验；经受；检查；完成；(法案等)通过；阅读[教材原句]Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?或胆怯 你的挚友会讪笑你，或不理解你正经验的事情？goagainst违反；违反goby逝去；过去goon接着；进行goout出去；熄灭goover复习；细致检查goup上涨；上升写出下列句中gothrough的含义①Althoughhehasgonethroughupsanddowns,Ibelievehewillsucceedoneday.____________②Withgreatconcentrationshewentthroughthemovements.____________③Herapplicationwentthroughandshewasemployed.____________④Wespentdaysgoingthroughallrelatedreferencematerial.____________⑤Asyougothroughthisbook,youwillfindthateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.____________完成句子⑥Iwon'tknowhowsuccessfulitisuntilanaccountant________________thebooks.我要等到会计细致查看过账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。[答案]①经验②完成③通过；批准④检查⑤阅读⑥hasgoneover5．setdown放下；登记；让……下车；登记[教材原句]Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我这本日记当作我的挚友，我要把这个挚友称作基蒂。setup开办；建立；设立setaside留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)；不顾；把……置于一边setoff动身；动身；引起；使爆炸setouttodosth.起先、着手做某事setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事用set构成的短语填空①Youhadbetter________________yourideabeforeyouforgetit.②Inthelongrun,itistimeforusto________________solvingthisproblem.③In1963theUN________________theWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.完成句子④Agangofboys________________fireworksinthestreet.一帮男孩正在街上放烟火。[答案]①setdown②setabout③setup④weresettingoff6．“连词＋分词短语”省略句式[教材原句]Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.遛狗的时候，你不当心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一样，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。①(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,________________recipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.在节目SaveMoney:GoodFood中，她每周参观一个不同的家庭，在大厨MattTebbutt的帮助下给出最好的建议：当每天每家打算食物时，不超过五英镑的钱，削减食物奢侈。②When__________whyhewaslateforclass,hekeptsilent.当被问到为什么上课迟到，他保持缄默。(2)当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词同时省略。③________________，Iwanttoavoidtherushhourtraffic.假如可能，我想避开交通高峰时间。④________________，you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。[答案]①whilepreparing②asked③If(itis)possible④Unless(itis)necessary7．“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句式[教材原句]Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道这是不是因为我许久无法出门的原因，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。(1)强调句型的基本结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要留意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。①________________metMaryonmywaytoschoollastnight.昨天晚上在上学的路上我遇到了玛丽。②_________________________________________ImetMarylastnight.昨天晚上就是在上学的路上我遇到了玛丽。③________________________ImetMaryonmywaytoschool.就是在昨晚我在上学的路上遇到了玛丽。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who...?④________________________shelostherwatchthismorning?今日早晨她是在街上丢了手表吗？(3)强调句型的特别疑问句结构为：特别疑问词＋is/wasit＋that...?⑤________________youcamelateagain?你究竟为什么又来晚了？(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。⑥Peoplesay,“Guilin'ssceneryispeerlessintheworld.”________________Ivisitedtheplace________Ifounditreallyworthyofthereputation.人们都说“桂林山水甲天下”，直到我到桂林一看，才发觉它果真名副其实。[答案]①ItwasIwho/that②Itwasonmywaytoschoolthat③Itwaslastnightthat④Wasitinthestreetthat⑤Whywasitthat⑥Itwasnotuntil;that8．before引导时间状语从句[教材原句]Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty－fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发觉。before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思：(1)还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生)；(2)……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长而从句的动作才起先)；(3)在……之前；(4)(不久)就……；(5)以免……；(6)趁着……(还没有)①________________，hehadleft.我还没来得及说话，他就已经离开了。②Imustwriteitdown________________it.趁着我还没忘，我得把它登记来。③(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)________________anhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.在我了解到这一点之前，一个小时就已经过去了，该去吃午饭了。④_________________________________________wemeetagain.不久之后我们会再次相见。[答案]①BeforeIcouldsayaword②beforeIforget③BeforeIknewit④Itwon'tbelongbefore语境串考点(语法填空)While1.____________(travel)inSanya,IhappenedtomeetLinMei.Iknewthatshehadgone2.____________greathardshipinherbusiness,whichmadeher3.____________(upset).AfterIwenthome,Icouldn'tcalm4.____________andset5.____________aseries6.____________methods7.____________(concern)withherbusiness.Idecidedtotalkwithherface8.____________face9.____________duskandhelpedheroutwithmy10.____________(powerful).[答案]1.traveling2.through3.upset4.down5.down6.of7.concerned8.to9.at10.power其次时段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage1．settlevt.使定居；支配；解决vi.安家；定居；停留[教材原句]Shefounditdifficulttosettleandcalmdowninthehidingplace,becauseshewasconcernedaboutwhethertheywouldbediscovered.她觉得在藏身的地方难以安定和安静下来，因为她担忧他们是否被发觉。(1)settlein/into安排下来；习惯于；适应settledown(使)安定；定居settledownto(doing)sth.着手细致做某事(2)settlementn.解决；定居settlern.移居者；殖民者单句语法填空①Withtheproblem________(settle),hewenthomehappily.②Havingsettledintoabeautifulvillage,hesettleddownto________(do)hisresearch.③(2024·天津卷)Mr.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughtersettle________，getmarried,andhavekids.④(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettling________tobecomefarmers.[答案]①settled②doing③in④down[易错提示]短语settlein/into(适应)中，in为副词，into为介词；settle(down)inBeijing在北京定居。2．suffervt.&vi.遭遇；忍受；经验[教材原句]Shesufferedfromloneliness,butshehadtolearntolikeitthere.她遭遇孤独，但是在那儿她又不得不学着喜爱它。(1)sufferfrom受……熬煎；患……病sufferfromcoldandhunger忍饥挨饿(2)sufferpain/hardship/punishment遭遇苦痛/艰难/惩处(3)sufferern.受苦难者；患病者(4)sufferingn.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；苦难单句语法填空①Amongobeseadults,about50percentalsosuffer________highlevelsofbloodsugarandfat.②Thewarbroughtgreat________(suffer)tothepeopleoftheworld.单句写作③油价急剧下跌，很多国家遭遇巨大损失。Thegaspricedroppedsharply,andmanycountries______________________.[答案]①from②suffering③sufferedagreatloss[技巧点拨](1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、苦痛等，如：sufferpain/defeat/losses/theresult/sideeffects“遭遇苦痛/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。(2)sufferfrom常加详细的不幸或苦痛的名词，表示遭遇斗争、自然灾难、疾病带来的苦痛。如：sufferfromhunger/flood/fever/colddisease“遭遇饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病”。3．recovervi.&vt.痊愈；复原；重新获得[教材原句]HowcanLindarecoverfromherillnessinthisroomwhenit'ssodirtyanddusty?当这个房间又脏又满是灰尘时，住在里边的琳达怎么能从疾病中复原过来呢？(1)recoverfrom从……中复原过来recoveroneself镇静下来(2)recoveryn.复原；复苏；痊愈makearecoveryfrom...从……中复原过来单句语法填空①Thegirlsoonrecovered________(she)andstoppedshouting.②Thedoctorsareconfidenthe'llmakeafull________(recover)．③Ittookheralongtimeforhertorecover________abadcough.句型转换④Eventhoughhewaswoundedseriouslyinthebattle,hefinallyrecoveredfromit.→Eventhoughhewaswoundedseriouslyinthebattle,hefinally________________________it.[答案]①herself②recovery③from④madearecoveryfrom4．get/betiredof对……厌烦[教材原句]I'vegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.我厌倦了透过肮脏的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然。be/gettiredwith/from因……而劳累/疲乏tiringadj.使人疲惫的；累人的单句语法填空①Idon'tlikestudy.Ireallygottired________it.②Shehasbeenworkingsincethismorning,sosheisreallytired________herwork.[答案]①of②with/from5．getalongwith与……相处；进展[教材原句]I'mgettingalongwellwithaboyinmyclass.我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。(1)getalong/on(well/nicely)withsb.与某人相处得(好)getalong/on(well/nicely/smoothly)withsth.某事进展得(好/顺当)(2)getdownto(doing)sth.起先做某事getthrough(电话)接通；用完；通过；度过getover克服；摆脱getridof歼灭；摆脱；除掉选用上述短语填空①Whilestudyingabroad,he________________hisclassmatesandmadefriendswiththem.②Asastudent,youshould________________yourbadhabits.③Believeinyourself.Youwill________________thedifficulty.④Idon'tknowhowthey________________thosehotdays.单句写作⑤除此之外，我们应当学会如何与其他人和谐相处。Inaddition,weshouldlearn________others.⑥你该起先细致地做些练习了，不然，你就要落在别的同学后面了。It'stimeyou________________somepracticeortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.[答案]①goton/alongwellwith②getridof③getover④gotthrough⑤howtogetalongwellwith⑥gotdownto6．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句式[教材原句]AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates,Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.虽然我尽力去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发觉很难跟他们成为好挚友。(1)findit＋adj.＋todosth.“觉得做某事是……的”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式。本句型中的形容词可以用hard,difficult,easy,comfortable,interesting,possible等。①Hefound________________todealwithhisboss.他发觉跟老板打交道很难。(2)find＋宾语＋宾补(形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词等)。②Assoonashegotoffthecar,hefoundhisvillagecompletely________.他一下车发觉村子完全变了。③Onarrivingattheschoolgate,LiMingfoundhisdeskmate________forhim.李明一到校门口发觉他的同桌在等着他。(3)find＋oneself＋宾补“发觉自己处于某种状态”，常含有一种“在不知不觉中……”的意思。④Whentheoldmancametohimself,hefoundhimself________________.当老人醒悟过来时，他发觉自己躺在地上。⑤Whenhewoke,hefoundhimself________________.当他醒来时，发觉自己在医院里。[答案]①itdifficult②changed③waiting④lyingonthefloor⑤inhospital语境串考点(短文改错)Marysufferedloneliness,becauseitwasthefirsttimethatshehassettleddowninanewschool,wheretheteenagerdidn'tgetalongwelltoher.Soonshegotill.Theteachersandherclassmatestookcareofherverywell,whichshewasgratefultoverymuch.Aftersherecoveredofherillness,shewasnottiredfromhernewschool,believingshewouldfalllovewiththeschool.Shejoinedinastudygroupandlearnedmanytiponherlessons.[答案]Marysufferedeq\o(∧,\s\do15(from))loneliness,becauseitwasthefirsttimethatsheeq\o(has,\s\do15(had))settleddowninanewschool,wheretheeq\o(teenager,\s\do15(teenagers))didn'tgetalongwelleq\o(to,\s\do15(with))her.Soonshegotill.Theteachersandherclassmatestookcareofherverywell,whichshewasgratefuleq\o(to,\s\do15(for))verymuch.Aftersherecoveredeq\o(of,\s\do15(from))herillness,shewasnottiredeq\o(from,\s\do15(of))hernewschool,believingshewouldfalleq\o(∧,\s\do15(in))lovewiththeschool.Shejoinedeq\o(in,＼)astudygroupandlearnedmanyeq\o(tip,\s\do15(tips))onherlessons.Step3课后演练——学问实力链接高考Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlydueto________(concern)aboutincreasedscreentime.[答案]concerns2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestin________(settle)down.[答案]settling3．(2024·江苏卷)Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverly________(concern)about‘badtables’”giventhattheyareprofitable.[答案]concerned4．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,in________(add)toseasonalspecials.[答案]addition5．Thefasteconomicdevelopmentbefore2024wasprobablythemost________(power)enginedrivingtheconstantgrowthinthebox－officeincome.[答案]powerful6．(2024·安徽卷)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.[答案]Ignoring7．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquickly________(calm)down.[答案]calmed8．Theastronautswillsuffer________acarbon－dioxideheadachewhentheyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime.[答案]from9．(2024·浙江卷)Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemfor________(teenager),someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.[答案]teenagers10．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Once,while________(work)overnightatastore,heletahomelessmansleepinhistruck.[答案]workingⅡ.单句改错1．Whilecrossedtheroad,hewasknockedover.____________[答案]crossed→crossing2．Heletoutthesecretwithpurposeinordertoearnmoney.____________[答案]with→on3．It'snopleasuregocampingonsuchafoggyday.____________[答案]go→going4．Therewas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlanticthatZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica.____________[答案]There→It5．ZhangJikeandJingTianhavefalleninlovewitheachotherforayear.____________[答案]fallen→been6．Iwouldbegratefulforyouifyoucouldlendmeyourcar.____________[答案]for→to7．Charlieandhismotheroftendisagreetowitheachother.Theyhavedifferentopinionsonmostthings.____________[答案]去掉to8．HowareyougettingalongaboutyourEnglishstudy？____________[答案]about→with9．Ihavegottiredtoeatingthesamefoodeverymorning.____________[答案]to→of10．Hefoundnecessarytogetamapwhiletravellingabroad.____________[答案]在found后加itⅢ.依据提示词及相关要求完成句子1．我通常知道我想说什么，但是用语言表达出来却有困难。(havetroubledoing...)IoftenknowwhatIwanttosaybut_________________________itinwords.[答案]havetroubleexpressing2．这是他第三次被警告有危急了。(Itis/wasthe＋序数词＋time＋that...)________________________________thathehadbeenwarnedofthedanger.[答案]Itwasthethirdtime3．(2024·天津卷)长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。(强调句式)____________atthehotel________thecoachpicksuptourists.[答案]Itis;that4．他发觉使父母傲慢很难。(find＋it＋adj.＋todo...)Hefound______________tomakehisparentsproud.[答案]ithard5．还在上高校时，他就发觉了怎样创建生命的隐私。(状语从句的省略)________________atuniversity,hediscoveredthesecretofhowtocreatelife.[答案]Whilestudying6．归还我丢失钱包的年轻夫妇，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经离开了。(before引导时间状语从句)Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left____________theirnames.[答案]beforeIcouldaskfor高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练——重细微环节，练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·长春质检)Whenthetelephoneringslateatnight,mostwomenguessitmustbeoneofonlyfourorfivepeoplecalling.Asister?Maybe.Anemergency?Possibly.Amother?Probablynotatthattimeofnight.Muchmoreprobablyitisaclosefemalefriendcallingtotellyouthatsheisheartbrokenbecauseshehassplit_upwithherboyfriendagainorperhapssimplythatagoodmoviehasjuststartedonTV.Atatimewhenfamiliesarespreadfarandwideandmarriagesoftenendindivorce,friendshipsarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Erika,a32－year－oldlawyer,isstrengthenedbyherten－yearfriendshipwithhermarriedfriendJane.“Iwasverysickonenight,soIcalledJaneatabout3：00a．m.totalkaboutit，”shesays.“Shewasverysupportiveandevencameovertotakemetothedoctor's.”AsAmericanTVshowslikeFriendshavebecomemorepopular,manyofusarebeginningtoseethevalueofsuchfriendships.TVshowslikethistellusthatourromanticrelationshipsmaynotlast,butweneedtokeepintouchwithourclosefriendsifwewanttosurvive.WithErika'sfamily200milesaway,itisJanewhokeepsasparesetofkeystoErika'sapartmentandwatersherplantswheneversheisaway.“HavingJanearoundgivesmeacertainamountoffreedom.Itisnotthekindofthingthatyoucouldaskanyonetodo,butsheknowsIwoulddothesameforher.”Jane,whomaymovetoadifferentcitysoon,isworriedaboutleavingsuchasupportsystemoffriends.“Myfriendshavemoretodowithmylifethanmyparentsand,therefore,Idon'thavetospendalotoftimeexplainingthingstothem.Friendsaremoreuptodatewithwhatishappening.”语篇解读：本文是一篇争论文，以Erika与Jane的友情和美剧Friends为例，讲解并描述并论证友情非常重要的观点。1．Alate－nightphonecallformostwomenisprobablyfrom________.A．arelative B．afriendC．adoctor D．astranger[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Muchmoreprobablyitisaclosefemalefriend...orperhapssimplythatagoodmoviehasjuststartedonTV.”可知，深夜给女性打电话的可能是一个挚友，故B项正确。[答案]B2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“splitup”inParagraph1mean?A．Shownup. B．Pickedup.C．Brokenup. D．Takenup.[解析]词义揣测题。依据画线短语所在句可推知，更有可能的是，一位亲密的女性挚友打电话告知你，她很难受，因为她又和男友分手了，spiltup与breakup意思相近，表示“分手”，故C项正确。[答案]C3．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatErika________.A．isJane'smalefriendB．treasuresJane'sfriendshipC．hasbeenmarriedfor10yearsD．livesfarawayfromJane[解析]推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Myfriendshavemoretodowithmylifethanmyparentsand,therefore,Idon'thavetospendalotoftimeexplainingthingstothem”可知，Erika认为她的挚友比父母更多地参加她的生活，因此，她不须要花很多时间来向她们说明事情；据此可以推断，Erika很珍惜和Jane的友情，故B项正确。[答案]B4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FriendshipCountsB．FriendshipDemandsFreedomC．FriendshipNeedsUnderstandingD．FriendshipStrengthensRomance[解析]标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以Erika与Jane的友情和美剧Friends为例，讲解并描述并论证友情非常重要的观点；故A项最能体现主题，适合作文章的标题。[答案]AB“Hi,Mrs.Grady，”saidMarkwhentheirneighboropenedherdoor.“Wouldyoulikeustoshovel(铲)yoursidewalkanddriveway？”ShovelingwasJamie'sidea,awaytoearnenoughmoneyforthenewOceanKingdomvideogamethatcameoutthenextday.Mrs.Gradywashappy,“Thatwouldbewonderful,boys.Ithinkthejobisgettingtobetoomuchforme.”“Itwillcost10dollars，”Jamiesaid.“Ifthat'sOK，”Markadded.“Ohdear，”Mrs.Gradysaiddisappointedly,“Ihaven'tbeenabletogettothebank.Icanofferhomemadecookies,butIrealizethat'snotwhatyouhadinmind.”MarkwasgoingtosaythatMrs.Gradycouldpaythemanothertime,butJamiecuthimoff.“We'llcomebacklater.”Mrs.Gradydoesn'tlooklikethepersonwho'dcometoMark'srescuelastsummerwhenMr.Dunn'sdogGoldiehadjustwantedtoplay,butMarkdidn'tfeelcomfortablearoundbigdogs.Hewantedtocallforhelp,buthistongueseemedlockedbehindhisteeth.ThenMrs.Grady'sfrontdoorhadflownopen.Shemusthaveseenhimfromacrossthestreet.“Holdon,Mark.I'mcoming！”“Goldie！”she'dcalled.AssoonasGoldiehadturnedherhead,Mrs.GradyhadslippedbetweenMarkandthedog.Shewasn'tmuchtallerthanMark,butshe'dstoodfirmasarockinfrontofhim.“Goldie,gohome！”Thenshe'dsweptherbroomtohurrythedogalong.“Get！”Goldiehadobeyed.WhenMarkshowedthankstoMrs.Grady,Mrs.Gradylaughed.“Itwasnothing.Goodneighborswatchoutforeachother,don'tthey？”AndnowMrs.GradyneededMarkasmuchashe'dneededherlastsummer.HesmiledandwavedatMrs.Grady,thenhisshoveldeepintothesnow.“Hey！”Jamieshouted.“Whatareyoudoing？”Markcouldn'texplainaboutGoldieandwatchingoutforneighbors,“IlikeMrs.Grady'scookies，”hesaid.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Mark和Jamie原来想通过为Grady夫人铲除人行道和私人车道上的积雪来挣零花钱，但是Grady夫人没有足够现金，所以提出用自己做的饼干来交换。虽然Jamie想回绝，但是Mark想到Grady夫人曾经帮助过自己就欣然答应了。5．WhydidJamieandMarkplantoclearthesnowforMrs.Gradyatfirst?A．Tohelpthelady.B．TovisitNewKingdom.C．Todovolunteerwork.D．Toearnpocketmoney.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段第三句“ShovelingwasJamie'sidea,awaytoearnenoughmoneyforthenewOceanKingdomvideogamethatcameoutthenextday.”可知本题选D项。[答案]D6．Mrs.Gradycouldn'tpaythemmostprobablybecause________.A．shedidn'thaveenoughcashB．shecouldn'tfindthebankC．shethoughtitwasworthlessD．shecouldn'taffordit[解析]推理推断题。依据文章第四段中的“Ihaven'tbeenabletogettothebank”可推断出Grady夫人不付钱可能是因为没有足够现金。[答案]A7．Accordingtothestory,whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeMrs.Gradybest?A．Greedy. B．Hopeful.C．Hard－working. D．Helpful.[解析]推理推断题。文章第六段描述了Grady夫人是如何帮助Mark的，由此可推知本题选D项。[答案]D8．Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethestory?A．Apennysavedisapennyearned.B．Kindnessisrepaidwithkindness.C．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.[解析]主旨大意题。Mark之所以留下来帮助Grady夫人扫雪是因为他想到之前受到的帮助，所以选B项。[答案]BC(2024·广州高三调研)IwantedtohaveteawithNiradinateabreakduringaretreat(静养).Iwasholdingthecupsohecouldsip(小口喝)tea.Iwasbeingcarefulandpouredasmallquantityinhismouth.Ienjoyedconcentratingoneachmomentandlisteningdeeplytodoagoodjobwithservingtea.Wewereimmediatelyconnectedandbefriendedeachotherduringthistime.TwootherretreatparticipantsjoinedandthentherewerefourofustalkingaboutvarietiesoftopicswhichrangedfromhowNiradprogressedinhiseducationtocooloneslikehowhemaintainshisweight,etc.Theseconversationsbroughtsmilesanditseemedweallkneweachotherfromlongtimeago.Insubtle(奇妙的)ways,wequietlyfelttheconnection.Whenwefinishedtea,IfeltliketyingawristthreadforNirad.Thewristbandhadthelettersthatread“WE”ononesideand“ME”ontheotherifreadupsidedown.ThisbeautifulgiftwasreceivedfromtheMovedByLoveteam(anon－profitvolunteerorganizationinIndia).ItoldNiradthatmyyoungestbrotherisabouthisage,andhegavemeasweetcalmsmile.Ifeltdeepcontentduringthisteatime.Ihadactuallylivedthosemoments,beingsympatheticandfriendly.Itwasanexperienceofjoy.Later,duringtheretreat,eachtimemyselfandNiradhappenedtogreetortalk,wesmilednaturallyandfeltconnected.It'ssadthatwedon'tconnectdeeply,evenwithourfamilyorfriends.Wearejusttoobusyrunningafterthings,goingnowhere.Wedon'tseemtoconcentrateorcareenoughforpeopleduringourconversations.Ihadthesevaluablerealisationslater.Onthelastdayoftheretreat,ItoldNirad,“ThiswasthebestteatimeIeverhadinmylife.”Hegavemeawarm,unforgettablesmile.语篇解读：本文主要讲解并描述了作者在静养期间结交好友的故事。9．WhatcanwelearnaboutNiradfromParagraph1?A．Hewashealthy.B．Hemaybedisabled.C．Heworkedintheretreat.D．Helikedservingtea.[解析]推理推断题。依据第一段其次句“Iwasholdingthecupsohecouldsip(小口喝)tea”可推知，Nirad可能是残疾人。[答案]B10．WhendidtheauthormakefriendswithNirad?A．Whentheywereatschool.B．Whentheauthorcaredforhim.C．Whentheyweretyingthewristthread.D．WhentheywereinMovedByLoveteam.[解析]推理推断题。依据第一段的内容及其次段第一句和“itseemedweallkneweachotherfromlongtimeago”可推知，作者和Nirad以前不相识，只是在作者照看Nirad喝茶时，建立了良好的感情。[答案]B11．HowdidtheauthorfindtheteatimewithNirad?A．Calm. B．Sad.C．Boring. D．Happy.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第四段的“Ifeltdeepcontentduringthisteatime”及“Itwasanexperienceofjoy”可知，作者与Nirad一起喝茶时很快乐。[答案]D12．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Runningafterthingsisveryimportant.B．Goingeverywhereisveryimportant.C．Connectingisveryimportant.D．Drinkingteaisveryimportant.[解析]推理推断题。依据文章第五段第一句可知，作者对人们与自己的家人、挚友联系不亲密感到难受，因此本文凸显了联系的重要性。[答案]CD(2024·山东菏泽七县一中期中)Asmorepeopleopt(选择)forthesinglelife，adultfriendshipsalsogrowmoreimportant.Forpeopleinrelationships,havingareliablegroupisimportant,too—yourmatewillbemuchhappierifyou'respreadingyouranxietiesbeyondhisorherearsandyouwillalsofeelbetter.Inarecentstudy,researchersmadesomefascinatingfindingsabouthow“whoweare”informsthefriendshipswehold.Thestudywasbasedonthemostpopularpersonalityconstructincontemporarypsychology,theBig5personalitytraits(特征):extraversion,orhowmuchyouloveattentionandinteractingwithpeople;neuroticism,_orhoweasilyworriedyouarebythings;agreeableness,orhowwarmandkindyouare;conscientiousness,orhowcarefulyouareaboutlife'smanyduties;andopennesstoexperience,orhowmuchyou'reintodiscoveringnewthings,whetherthey'reideas,people,orplaces.Fortheirstudy,theresearchteamrecruited434students.Theytookapersonalityquestionnaireinthelab,thenratedhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirfriendsandtheirlifeoverall,andthenresearchersaskedthemtorecommendhalfadozenfriendstoratetheirpersonality.Gatheringtheseratingstogether,theresearchersfoundthatopennesstoexperiencedidn'thaveanythingtodowithfriendshipsatisfaction,atleastinthisstudy.Neuroticismwaslinkedtolowersatisfaction(probablybecauseemotionallyunstablepeoplemaybedramaticorhardtoplease,atleastinmypersonalexperience).Buthavinghighscoresinthethreeremainingsunnytraits—conscientiousness,extraversion,andagreeableness—predictedhigherfriendshipsatisfaction.However,it'saprettyintuitive(直觉的)result,sinceit'seasytobefriendswithsomeonewho'salwaysontime,alwayssayingthatyou'reright,andalwaysuptohangout.Butifyoudon'texactlyidentifywithallthat,fearnot:Yourpersonalityissomuchmorethanyourtraits.语篇解读：这篇文章通过调查探讨探讨了性格和友情之间的关系。13．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefriendship?A．Itishelpfultodatingandwork.B．Itcanrelieveyournegat