2003年职称英语等级考试综合类A级试题及答案

2003年职称英语等级考试综合类A级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted

2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrongCkindDwild

3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting

4Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing

AwasteBbuyCuseDsell

5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume

6Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely

7HerfaithupheldherintimesofsadnessAsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected

8Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.

AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief

9Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed

10Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock

AbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed

11Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget

12Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangry

13IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset

14Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.

AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate

15Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.

AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasion

Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力的)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit’sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.

Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto(服从)experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.

16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

KeepingCutFlowers

1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.

2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations(康乃馨)retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.

3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination(授粉).Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide(二氧化碳),calledrespiration(呼吸),generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.

4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.

5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach(含氯漂白剂)canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.

23Paragraph2__________________

24Paragraph3__________________

25Paragraph4__________________

26Paragraph5__________________

27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________

28Respirationplaysakeyrole________________

29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________

30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(妨碍生长)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(渗透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife.

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind

34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C“stop”

D“present”

35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第二篇Ford’sAssemblyLine

Whenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives,youcannotoverlookHenryFord.AhistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing,everywhere,eventothisday,byintroducinganewwaytomakecars-one,strangetosay,thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses（屠宰场）.

Backintheearly1900’s,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda“disassemblyline”.Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofitselementswasplacedonaconveyer,andeachworker,asitpassed,addedanothercomponenttoit,thesameoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware,anexpertonindustrialdevelopment,tellswhathappened.

“Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedoneassemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday,ontheline,theassembleteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.”

Withinayear,thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913,Fordwentalltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes,partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed(拖，拉)pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.Ithasn’tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear,aremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf,to$260,puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho,upuntilthattime,couldnotaffordthem.Soon,automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.Infact,heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations,entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today,aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation(自动化),everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeonassemblylines.

36WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?

AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.

BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.

CHeinspiredotherautomakers.

DHechangedahistorian’smind.

37Thewritermentions”slaughterhouses”becausetheyweretheplaceswhere

AFord’sassemblylineoriginated

BFordmadehisfirstcar.

CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.

DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.

38Amagnetoisatechnicaltermfor

Aanautomobile.

Baproductionline

Capartofanautomobileengine.

Dadisassemblyline

39thephrase”turningout”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby

A“producing”

B“selling”

C“buying”

D“fixing”

40TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFord

Atocreatemorejobsfortheunemployed

Btowriteabookonhistory

Ctoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260

Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%

第三篇Play

Playistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy,everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplay,andthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Theirmainfunctionistosuggest,encourageandassistplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwillplaywithoften,andwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoysfordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.

Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinheritedabilities,islargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.Soababy’sabilitytoprofitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouragedandstimulated,talkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.

Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,experimentingandlearning,fordiscoveringhisownparticularability.Bricksandjigsaws（七巧板）andconstructiontoys;painting,scribbling(涂鸦)andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay;thefirstsocialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.

Btthethirdstageofplaydevelopment-fromfivetosevenoreightyears-thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,athomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechillsmostenjoys.

Untiltheageofsevenoreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.Butoncereadinghasbeenmastered,thenbooksandschoolbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandvaluable,theyleadontonewhobbies,buttheirsignificancehaschanged-toachildofniceortenyears,toysandgamesmean,astoadults,relaxationandfun.

41Thepassagetellsusthatasachildgrowsup

Aheshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys.

Bheshouldbegivenidenticaltoys.

Cheshouldbegivendifferenttoys.

Dheshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys.

42Accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparents

Adeterminehischaracter

Bwillnotchangeaftertheageofthree.

Cpartlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach.

Dtoalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys.

43Whohavethebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully?

AThosewhotendtoovereat

BThosewhoaregivenalotoftoys.

CThosewhoaregiventoys,talkedtoandplayedwith.

DThosewhocansharetheirtoyswiththeirplaymates.

44Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity

Awhenheistwo

Bwhenheisaroundfour.

Cwhenheissix.

Dwhenheiseight.

45Thepassageismainlyabout

Atheimportanceofpre-schooleducation

Btheimportanceofschooling.

Ctheroleofplayinachild’sdevelopment

Dthechoiceoftoysforadolescents.

5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

ScienceandTechnology

Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology._________(46).Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforapplyingthefindingsofscience.________(47)

Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektounderstandtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople’slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings._________(48).Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besideswehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesoundproducedbyasupersonic(超音速的)aircraftflyingoverhead;wecannotrefusetobreathepollutedair._________(49)Thepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeople-peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.

__________(50)Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespreadpollution,resourcedepletion(枯竭)andevensocialdecayingeneral-somuchsothatthepromiseoftechnologyis“obscured“.Thatpromiseisacleanerandhealthierworld.Ifwiseapplicationsofscienceandtechnologydonotleadtoabetterworld,whatelsewill?

AAnotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.

BUnlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.

CWhatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople---asdidDarwin’stheoryofevolution.

DScienceandtechnologyaredifferent.

EWeareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology.

FScienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上

CostasaFactorinSupply

Inapurelycompetitivemarket,thesupplierofgoodsandserviceshasnocontroloverthemarketprice,becauseheproducestoolittletoinfluencemarketconditions.Withnodifferencebetweenhisproductsandtheproducts________(51)hiscompetitors,hewillsellnothingifhechargesabovethemarketpriceandhewillsellallifhechargesator__________(52)themarketprice.However,inconsideringtheprice,hemusttakethe____________(53)ofproductionintoconsideration.Therearetimeswhenhemaybewillingtosellbelowhiscost.Thismighthappenwhenpricest