Unit1friends提优强化归纳牛津译林版英语八年级上册

译林8AUnit1Friends强化提优归纳一、补充词汇序号英文中文例句1solve解决2worksthout解决3geton/alongwithsb和...相处好4breakup关系破裂5makeup和好6municatewith和...交流7becloseto=benear接近8bully欺凌9friendship友谊10betray出卖11forgive原谅12argue争辩二、动词形式归纳todohavesomethingtodrinkbewillingtodosth/bereadytodosth乐意做某事doinglikedoingdrawingpetitiondosomereadinghaveproblemsdoingsthdomakesbdo三、重要考点sharejoy/happiness/sadnesswith及物动词+名词haveagoodsenseofhumourhaveasenseofdirectiontellliestellyoufunnyjokes4whatmakesgoodfriends什么样的人适合做好朋友makeanexcellentteacher成为5.someoneinneed有需要的人6.hislegsdon’tfitwellunderhisdesk7.sayabadwordaboutsb8.helppeopleanytimeanytime/anytime在任何时候，随时。是副词，前面不需要加介词Callmeanytimehave/wearasmileonone’sfacemakesbdohelpsbwithsth12.anyother+单数“任何别的…”(与范围内的比较)any+单数“任何…”(与范围外的比较)ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChinaShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinJapan.13.否定的比较级表示最高级Whatanicedress!Ihaveneverseenabetterone.14.further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”,更进一步的。记furtherstudy(进修)furthereducation(继续教育)

furtherinformation(进一步的信息)提问15.What’s...like...怎么样？What’shelike?他是个什么样的人？What’sschoollike?上学是什么样的？四、名词复数oneof+最高级+可数名词复数五、介词someoneinneedwalkpastourdesksknockourbooksontothefloor

She’sasmallgirlwithaponytailMaxlookssmartinhissmallroundglasses对比TheboywithglassesisMax六、冠词anhonestboyadishonestboyanexcellentteacher七、词汇拓展honestadj.→dishonest(反义词)honestyn2.patientadj.→impatient反义词)3．happyadj.→unhappy/sad(反义词)happiness→unhappiness4．humourn.→humorous(adj.)5．smilen.→smiling(adj.)6.swimv.→swimmer(n.)游泳者7.highadj.→height(n.)8.weighv.→weight(n.)八、名词构成序号形容词动词名词1highheightinheight2weighweightinweighttheweightofloseweightputonweight3swimswimmer4singsinger5honesthonesty九、重点短语1.keepasecret/letout/giveawayasecret 保守秘密/泄密2.careabout 关心、takecare注意、小心takecareof=carefor照顾3.tellalie(tosb.) （对某人）说谎4.lie–lied–lied 说谎lie–lay–lain 躺词义原形过去式过去分词现在分词躺lielaylainlying位于说谎lieliedliedlying放置；产蛋laylaidlaidlaying5.playajokeonsb. 跟某人开玩笑6.tellsb.funnyjokes 给某人讲可笑的笑话7.bewillingtodosth. 愿意做某事、乐意做某事get/bereadytodosth. 乐意做某事、准备好做某事haveagoodsenseofhumour=be(very)humorous 有很好的幽默感haveasenseofdirection有方向感9.inheight 在高度方面10.inweight 在体重方面11.patientimpatientbepatientwithsb12.inalowvoice 低声地13.buytwomorebooks=buyanothertwobooks 再买两本书14.eatonemoreapple=eatanotherapple 再吃一个苹果15.sharesth.withsb. 跟某人分享某物16.qualitiesofagoodfriend 好朋友的品质17.tellhimeverythingaboutyourself 告诉他有关你的一切18.sharemyjoy(不可数)/sadness分享我的快乐/悲伤19.haveproblemswithsth. 在某方面有问题20.haveproblemsdoingsth. 做某事有问题21.believewhathesays(said)=believehiswords 相信他的话22.trustsb. 信任某人23.agreetodosth. 同意做某事24.agreewithsb. 同意某人的观点25.oneofmybestfriends 我最好的朋友这一27.oneofthemostfamousfilmstars最著名的影星之一28.begenerous/kindtosb. 对某人慷慨/友善29.bereadytohelppeopleanytime在任何时候乐意帮助人30.helpmewithmyhomework在家庭作业方面帮助我helppeoplewiththeirproblems帮人们解决问题31.giveaseatonthebustosomeoneinneed 在公交车上让座给有需要的人32.haveagood/sweetvoice 有个好/甜美的嗓音33.wearsmallroundglasses 戴小小的圆框眼镜34.makehimlooksmart 使他看起来精干35.neverfeelboredwithhim 和他一起从不感到无聊36.aboringfilm 一部无聊的电影37.makemethirsty 使我口渴makesb./sth.+adj.makemelaugh使我大笑makesb.dosth.38.walkpastourdesks=passourdesks 从我们桌子旁边经过39.knock…ontotheground 把…撞到地上knockover撞翻,碰倒knock…off…把…从…上撞下来42.have/wearlongstraighthair留长直头发43.sayabadwordaboutsb.=saybadthingsaboutsb.=speakillofsb.说某人的坏话44.atruefriend 一个真诚的朋友45.sth.worrysb. 某事困扰某人46.sb.beworriedaboutsth. 某人担心某事47.choosesb.as/(tobe)yourbestfriend 选择某人作为你最好的朋友48.looksmartinhissmallroundglasses 戴着他的小圆框眼镜看起来帅51.makefriendswithsb. 跟某人交朋友52.amongthesixstudents 在六名学生当中53.amongalltheChineseartists在所有的中国艺术家当中55.asmallgirlwithaponytail一个扎马尾辫的女孩55.aboywith/wearingglasses一个戴着眼镜的男孩56.both……and….. 既…又….57.be/make/beeanexcellentteacher成为一名优秀的教师58.feelboredorunhappy 感觉无聊或不开心59.likeherbrightsmilingeyes 喜欢她明亮略带微笑的眼睛60.wear/haveasmileonone’sface 面带微笑十、重点句型1.CanIhavesomethingtodrink? 我能要点喝的吗？2.CanIhavesomemorefood? 我可以再要一些食物吗？3.Thereisnothinginthefridge.=Thereisnotanythinginthefridge.冰箱里什么也没有。4.Whatqualitiesareimportantingoodfriends? 在好朋友身上什么品质重要？5.Whatmakesyourfriendsospecial？ 什么使你的朋友如此特别？6.Whatmakesgoodfriends? 什么造就出好朋友？7.Shewantstobeasocialworkerwhenshegrowsup.他长大后想做一名社会工作者。8.Hislegsdonotfitwellunderhisdesk. 课桌下面容纳不下他的腿。9.Whensomethingworriesme,Icanalwaysgotoher. 当有事困扰我的时候我总能到她那去。11.What’shelike? 他（像）什么样？（品质、性格）12.Whatdoeshelooklike? 他看起来什么样？（长相、外貌）13.Howdoeshelook? 他看起来如何/怎样？(长相、外貌)14.Whatdoeshelike? 他喜欢什么？15.Heisthetallestboyinourclass. 他是我们班最高的男生。=Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinourclass.十一、转换1.buytwomorebooks=buyanothertwobooks 再买两本书2.eatonemoreapple=eatanotherapple 再吃一个苹果3.believewhathesays(said)=believehiswords 相信他的话4.haveagoodsenseofhumour=beveryhumorous5.walkpastourdesks=passourdesks 从我们桌子旁边经过6.Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.=Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.=Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.=NobodyelseismorehardworkingthanDanielinourclass十二、Studyskillsvocabularytree词汇树Avocabularytreecanhelpyouremembernewwordsquickly.Putthewordsintodifferentgroups,,looksandfeelings.Thenwritethegroupnamesonthebranches.Writedownthewordsontheleavesofeachbranch.Drawpicturesofthewordstohelpyouremembertheirmeaningsifnecessary十三、形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化

单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加er,est原级比较级最高级talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest

特别提醒：以y,er,ow,le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。如：healthy,funny,busy,hungry,easy,happy,early,pretty,lazy,heavy,dirty,clever,narrow等。

以不发音的e结尾只加r，st原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest

“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加er,est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest

注意shyshyershyest

以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），需要双写结尾的辅音字母，再加er，est构成形容词比较级和最高级。现将出初中阶段相关单词归纳如下：原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest特别提醒：new,few,slow,clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。

大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，要在前面加more，most原级比较级最高级beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautifulimportantmoreimportantmostimportantinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingexpensivemoreexpensivemostexpensivepopularmorepopularmostpopular

特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappyunhappierunhappiest,untidyuntidieruntidiest

以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more，most原级比较级最高级slowlymoreslowlymostslowlyquicklymorequicklymostquicklyangrilymoreangrilymostangrilysoftlymoresoftlymostsoftlynoisilymorenoisilymostnoisily特别提醒：earlyearlierearliest

由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。

原级比较级

最高级

interestingmoreinteresting

mostinteresting

excitedmoreexcited

mostexciting

tiredmoretired

most

tired

boringmoreboring

mostboring

不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特别提醒：

further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下词组：furtherstudy(进修)furthereducation(继续教育)

furtherinformation(进一步的信息)furtherresearch(研究）furtherunderstanding

elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如:eldersister(姐姐)

elderbrother(哥哥)

less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

少数单音节词前面加more,most构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。afraidmoreafraid,mostafraidtiredmoretired,mosttiredgladmoreglad,mostgladboredmorebored,mostbored

下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加er/est也可加more/mostfriendly,clever十四、形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳比较级一、.whichis+比较级，AorB?Whichis+比较级，sb,AorB?二、形容词或副词比较级+than…该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。Theboydoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanthegirl.三、比较级+and+比较级/moreandmore+多音节词的原级该句型表示“越来越……”，如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er，则用前面的句型；如果该形容词比较级加more构成，则用后面的句型。Itisgettinghotterandhotter.Thegirlisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.strongerandstronger越来越强大moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮四、the+比较级+…,the+比较级+…该句型意思为“越……就越……”，表示两种情况同时变化。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Inthetest,themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.

.—HowcanIgetahighmarkintheingexam?—The youwrite, mistakesyouwillmake.A.morecareful;thefewer B.morecareful;thelessC.morecarefully;thefewer D.morecarefully;theless比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的修饰词是：,much,even,far。以下单词也可用来修饰：any,,still,alot,alittle。YouknowevenlessaboutitthanIdo你对此事的了解甚至不如我She’sevenclevererthanhersister她甚至比她姐姐更聪明。Weareworkingstillhardernow.现在我们工作更加努力。Theirhouseismuchlargerthanours.ThebuildinglooksfaruglierinLondonthanhere难看的多Mysisterisalittletallerthanme.Thesunisalotbiggerandbrighterthanthemoon.大得多，亮得多TheyhavemanymoreEnglishbooksthanme多得多Isheanybettertoday?他今天好些了吗Hewastootiredtowalkanyfurther.他太累了，走不动了Thetrainisnolongerinsight另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。I’mthreeyearsolderthanhe.特别提醒：very,quite,too不可修饰比较级。.Itrainedheavilyandthewindblewalot.Andtheweatheriseven (bad)Therewillbealotofcloudstomorrow,soitwillbemuch_________(cloudy)Theflatsinthecitycenterarefar_________

(expensive)theseyears.the+比较级+of+两者两个中更...的一个比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了ofthetwo，这时比较级前一定要加the。Heisthetallerofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Whichistheyoungerone,LilyorLucy?试比较：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.

1.Ofmyparents,motheris_________(old).2.Sheis_________(happy)oneofthetwins.情境中的比较级Mum,couldyoubuymethiswatch?I’dloveto,butIhaven’tgotenoughmoney.canbuya one.expensive B.moreexpensive C.cheaper D.cheapest()Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea

___________one?

A.small

B.smaller

C.thesmallest

D.smallestWhatanicedress!Ihaveneverseena__________(good)one.注意结构的并列( )12.DanielisagreatHecandoworkbetterwith peopleand A.fewer;less B.more;less C.fewer;more D.less;fewer九、anyother+单数“任何别的…”(与范围内的比较)any+单数“任何…”(与范围外的比较)anyother后面跟单数名词，表示“任何别的”，即主语在范围内，必须把自身从这一范围内除去，否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（上海在中国这个范围内，所以用anyother）ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJiangsu.（上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）10.—DoyouknowShanghaiisoneof intheworld?It’sbiggerthan cityinChina.A.thebiggestcity;any B.thebiggestcities;anyC.thebiggestcities;anyother D.thebiggestcity;anyother比较级+than+theother+名词复数形式该句型相当于anyother+名词单数形式，常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级，但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.特别提醒：表示两者(人或物)比较时，比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。

“否定词+比较级”相当于最高级。1.—RogerFedererisagreattennisplayer.—Iagree.Ithinknooneelseplays.A.good B.well C.better D.best十一．同类比较Myhairislongerthan

____________

A.mysister

B.Kate

C.mybrother’s

D.Lucys’十二、

为避免重复，我们通常用that,those,one,ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可数名词。TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfromthatinAmerica.Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.

Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.

误：Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanitofShanghai.正：Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.1.ThecarsmadeinJapanaremuchcheaperthan madeinAmericaA.ones B.those C.that D.it2，Theweatherhereiscolderthan________inNanjing.A.this B.it C.that D.theone

为避免重复，比较级中同样的动词用助动词do,does,did替代。IspendlesstimedoinghomeworkthanJohndoes.Shetellsmorefunnyjokesthanwedo.

倍数表达法▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.

Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。

▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.

AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.

Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double冠词零冠词Heistallerthanme定冠词Heisthetallerofthetwoboys,Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.3,不定冠词Ihaveneverreadamoreinterestingbook最高级一、Whichis+the+最高级，A,BorC?二、the+形容词或副词最高级+in/of/among+比较范围如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：intheclassroom，intheworld。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinourcountry.Peteristhetallestofthesixstudents.Thispictureisthemostbeautifulamongthese.三、oneof+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式oneof有三大考点：1.后跟形容词最高级；2.后接可数名词复数形式；3.作主语时主语为one，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneofthesmallestdinosaurswasaboutonemetrelong.四、序数词加最高级。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlo