Unit2SportsCultureGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

GrammarPassivevoiceinthepastcontinuousandpastperfecttensesPeter'smother

waswashingdishes.观察下列句子，找出它们有什么不同。Dishes

wasbeingwashed

byPeter’smother.英语动词有两种语态：

主动语态

(theActiveVoice)

被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的基本形式：助动词be+done助动词be有人称，数，时态的变化Iamlikedbyeverybody.She_____(be)likedbyeverybody.They____________(be)likedbyeverybodyuntilnow.注意：

只有及物动词才有被动语态Wearrived.Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.ishavebeenWespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspoken

by

us.主语谓语宾语主动变被动：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be+done1．概念过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性动作，就是指被动状态下的过去正在进行、发生的事情。过去进行时的被动语态2．构成①肯定句：主语＋be(was/were)

beingdone＋其他②否定句：主语＋be(was/were)

not

beingdone＋其他③一般疑问句：Be(was/were)＋主语＋beingdone＋其他④特殊疑问句：Wh­＋be(was/were)＋主语＋beingdone＋其他过去进行时的被动语态主动句：Theteacher

wastelling

SnowWhite[whenIgotthere]．主语

谓语

宾语状语当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。(肯定句)SnowWhite

wasbeingtold

(bytheteacher)[whenIgotthere]．主语

谓语

by＋执行者状语被动句：(否定句)SnowWhite

wasn’tbeingtold

(bytheteacher)

whenIgotthere.被动句：(疑问句)A：Was

SnowWhite

beingtold

(bytheteacher)whenIgotthere?B：Yes，itwas./No，itwasn’t.(特殊疑问句)Why

was

SnowWhite

beingtold

(bytheteacher)

whenIgotthere?疑问词主语谓语by＋执行者

状语3．用法

(1)表示过去进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词then，atthistime

lastweek，atthismomentyesterday等连用。Thisissue__________________(discuss)atthismomentyesterday.这个议题昨天的这个时候正在被公司的经理们讨论。(2)表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。Itissaidthathiscar_________________(repair)lastFridayinthegarage.据说他的车上个周五正在修理厂被修。wasbeingdiscussedwasbeingrepaired(3)进行时的被动语态可以由“was/were＋under/on等介词＋名词”结构代替。e.g.1.Manynewinventions____________________(exhibit)inthemuseumatthistimelastyear.＝Manynewinventions___________________(exhibit)inthemuseumatthistimelastyear.许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。2.Hedidn’tstayinmyroomlastnightbecauseit___________________(repair).＝Hedidn’tstayinmyroomlastnightbecause

it__________(repair).昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。

werebeingexhibitedwereonexhibitionwasunderrepairwasbeingrepaired4. 练习

句型转化1.IwaspracticingmyoralEnglishat8:00yesterdayevening.2.ThedogwaseatingsomemeatwhenIsawityesterdayontheroad.MyoralEnglish

wasbeingpracticed

bymeat8:00yesterdayevening.Somemeat

werebeingeaten

bythedog

whenIsawityesterdayontheroad.

4. 练习

单句语法填空1．—Whydidn’tyoubringyourcomputerhereyesterday?—Oh，it__________________(check)bymyneighborthen.2．Thetiger______________(feed)somenicemeatatthattimeyesterday.3．Nowwecancrossthebridgewhich_____________(build)thistimelastmonth.wasbeingchecked

wasbeingfedwasbeingbuilt4. 练习

1.昨天下午3点，他正在和他的朋友们打篮球。2.昨天早上这些问题一直在被他们讨论。Hewasplayingbasketaballwithhisfriendsat3:00p.m.yesterday.Theseproblemswerebeingdiscussedbythemthewholemorningyesterday.1．概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态过去的过去2．构成①肯定句：主语＋had+beendone+其他②否定句：主语＋had

not

beendone+其他③一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋beendone+其他过去完成时的被动语态主动句：Thestudents

hadcleaned

theroombeforetheteachercamein.

主语

谓语

宾语

状语在老师进来前学生已经打扫完教室了。被动句(肯定句）：

Theroom

hadbeencleaned

bythestudentsbeforetheteachercamein.

主语

谓语

宾语状语Theroom

hadn’tbeencleaned

bythestudentsbeforetheteachercamein.

被动句(否定句）：被动句(一般疑问句）：

Had

theroombeencleaned

bythestudentsbeforetheteachercamein?（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与bythetime,before+过去的动作等引导的时间状语连用。1.Bythetimewegotthere,allthetickets__________________(soldout).当我们到那时，所有的票都已经卖完了。2.Beforewewenttotherepairshop,thecar_________________(repair).我们到达修理厂之前，车已经被修好了。过去完成时的被动语态3．用法hadbeensoldouthadbeenrepaired过去完成时的被动语态3．用法（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for,since

等引导的时间状语连用。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe______________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.hadlived到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。Forthepreviouscoupleofweeks,I_______________(train)onhowtobeavolunteer.hadbeentrained（3）用在宾语从句中，常放told,

said,

knew,

heard,

thought等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动词之前已经发生的被动动作。Theboywasremindedthathis

homework_______________________(nothandin).这个男孩被提醒道他的家庭作业还没有交。过去完成时的被动语态3．用法hadnotbeenhandedin（4）在”Itwasthefirst/second/...time+that

从句，Itwas+一段时间+since从句”句型中，当从句的主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/二...次...，至...之后已经有一段时间了”Itwasthefirsttimethathe_________________(reward)byhismother.这是他第一次被他妈妈奖励。过去完成时的被动语态3．用法hadbeenrewarded（5）在“Hardly/Scarelyhad...when...”和”Nosoonerhad...than...”句型中，当主句的主语时动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一...就...”Thedoor_______hardly_____________(open)whenwecouldsmellthegas.一打开门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。Hardly_____thedoor____________(open)whenwecouldsmellthegas.过去完成时与bythen(截止到那时);by9o’clock(直到九点钟)bytheendof…(在…结束/末之前);bythetime…(在…时之前);uptillthen(直到那时);upuntillastnight(直到昨晚）;already（已经）;yet（仍然）;just（刚刚），when（当……时）;ever（曾经）;until/till（直到）;assoonas（一……就）等连用，表示过去的过去。beenopenedhadhadbeenopened1.Ihadturnedoffmycellphonewhenyou______melastnight.a.call b.werecall c.called2.WhenIarrivedtotheclassroom,theteacher______thelessonalready.a.hadbeenstarted b.havestarted c.hadstartedCChoosethebestanswer.C4. 练习

1.Hesaidhe

(work)inthatfactorysince1949.2.IthoughtI______________(receive)theletteraweekbefore.hadworkedhadreceived3.Bythetimehegottotheschool,theclassroom

__________________(clean).4.Howmanybuildings_________________(destroy)whenthehurricaneended?5.Hedidwhathe____________(tell)byhismother.6.Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_______________(build)inthecity.hadbeencleanedhadbeendestroyedhadbeentoldhadbeenbulit翻译句子：1.当他们到达电影院时，电影票已经卖完了。2.他说这本书已经被译成日语。Whentheygottothecinema,theticketshadbeensoldout.HesaidthatthebookhadbeentranslatedintoJapanese.Gothroughtheblogpostagainandfindoutthesentencesthatusethepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuousandpastperfecttenses.PassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustensePassivevoiceinthepastperfecttense...,Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved....acityhalf-marathonforamateurswasbeingorganized

...,eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtested

likeneverbefore.Iwashappytolearnthatalotofmoneyhadbeenraised

forcharity.Thepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustenseisusedtorefertoanaction_______________(do)ataspecifictimeinthe

__________(present/past).Theverbformis“______________________”.Thepassivevoiceinthepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressanactioncompleted_________(before/after)apasttime.Theverbformis“___________________”.Workingouttheruleswas/werebeingdonehadbeendonebeingdonepastbeforehadbeeninjuredhadbeencleanedwerebeingwastedwasbeingtreatedhadbeentakenB2hadbeenplacedwerebeingcarriedhad(been)trainedhadbeenmade/weremadewerebeingcheeredwasbeingblown1.Healways

_____(go)toschoolbybus.2.Theearth_____(be)round.3.Theproblem_________________(discuss)

for2days.4.Trees________________(plant)herethistimelastyear.5.HewascleaninghiscarwhileI_________(cook).6.I_________(lose)mykey,soIcouldn'tentertheroom..

goesishasbeendiscussedwerebeingplantedwascookinghavelost7.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus________(wait)forus!8.I_________________(wait)forJane

foralongtime.9.Hurryup!Flight406_______(take)offat18:40.10.Ourclassroom____________(clean)everyday.11.Don'tcallmebetween3and5p.m.becauseI________________(have)ameetingatthatmoment.12.Youaren'tallowedtoenterintomeetingroombecauseasecretplan______________(make).13.Theband____________(give)aperformanceatthebartomorrowevening.iswaitingtakesiscleanedwillbehavinghavebeenwaitingisbeingmadewillgive14.He___________(mount)theplatformanddeliveredhisspeech.15.Itwasthesecondtimethattheyoungathlete______________(participate)inmarathon.16.Hetoldmethathe______________(graduate)frommiddleschooltwoyearslater.17.Theplane________(crash)inthemountainlastnight,whichmadeusshocked.18.—DoyouthinkMomandDad

(be)late?—No,theplaneisusuallyontime.mountedhadparticipatedwouldgraduatecrashedwillbeThanksTestYourGrammarPairwork:Makequestionswithyourpartners.Pairwork:Askandanswerquestions

collectinformationaboutwithyourpartners.…home,birth,age,education,experience,planforseniorhighschool,habit,dream,famailymembers…1.Wherewereyouborn?2.Whenwereyouborn?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Howmanybrothersandsistershaveyougot?5.WhyareyoustudyingEnglish?6.HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish?7.Whichprovincehaveyoubeento?Presentation