2024年高考重点复习知识点之“阅读理解词义猜测题”

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考点43阅读理解词义猜测题

高考频度：★★★★★

历年来高考真题中的生词量有增无减。《教学大纲》要求学生“读懂生词率不超过3%的传记、故事、记

叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。”在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会

成为学生理解的“绊脚石〃，这些“绊脚石〃的出现大致分五类：1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义;

如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation'smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.

我们学过course的意思是“过程，课程〃等，在此显然不符句意。依据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方,

可推断course在该句是“车道〃或“跑道〃的意思。2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting,

heartbroken,computer-literate,decision-thinking,imperfect等；3.”灵敏”的常用词增多，这些词必须依据

具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；4.“新奇”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有肯定的

文化背景5.超纲生词。

有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理

解时遇到大量生词该怎么办？查词典当然是排解词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才

可以使用。但是，一再的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又简单破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义

是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不肯定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平常的练

习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过肯定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高

考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的真题。掌握正确方法快速而又精确地猜测

出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。

该类题常见的考查形式有：

1.Thephrase"…"inthesentencecouldbereplacedby.

2.Theword"…"intheparagraphrefersto.

3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunlinedwordmean?

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase"?

5.Theword"mostnearlymeans.

对此类真题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有肯定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

1.构词法猜词

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阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有援助。如:

unforeseeable.这个词，可以依据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预〃

的含义，un是否认，able是“能...的，可....的〃，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的〃意思。

骐例初析

...Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubt

theoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseefor

themselves.,，...

70.Theunderlinedword“outcome〃inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.valueB.result

C.performanceD.connection

【答案】B

【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组comeout的意义为，露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境,

可猜测出其意义是：（实蛉的）结果。

2.利用同义近义词猜词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生

词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或

or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它

的大致词义。

骐例剧折

...FermafsLastTheorem［定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatinthe

seventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwoman

scientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobe

abletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique....

65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle"asitisusedinthetext?

A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.

B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.

C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.

D.Tolimitpeople'simagination.

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【答案】B

【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat）,并且在句中beaten

和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。

3.利用反义词猜词

比照是描述，说明事物的常用方法。在比照中，比照的事物是互为相反的，因此依据反义或比照关系

可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、

后句为肯定与否认或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

典例剧折

...Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,an

Evastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months....

74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle“probablymean?

A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.

B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.

C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.

D.Ademandmadebyguests.

【答案】c

【解析】依据前句的否认doesn't与后句的肯定canbe这一比照关系，可以推断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日,

又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty,trouble相近。答案

为C。

4.利用上下文语境猜词

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上

下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年

来高考考查的热点。

骐例剧折

（2024•新课标卷III）

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhen

itcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowto

livemorewithless.

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Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.

Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwas

unabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwe

promisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfiind（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecominga

doctor）.

【文章大意】这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得

愉快的做法。

【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句」canhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolive

morewithless可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。

5.利用定义和解释猜词

有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。

释义法就是依据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语〔从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加

以解释说明的方法。

例尚折

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,〃Goldsaid."Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药）,andyouaregenerally

supportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,so

itismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarkets

acrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.

62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend，zasthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.

B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.

C.Risingmarketfororganicfood.

D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.

【答案】A

【解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold

一样开始购置有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。

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6.依据语义转折猜词

有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,

although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,

foronething,foranother等，我们可以依据转折意思猜测词义。

典例剧析

...Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseem

exceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.

71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains"probablymeans"〃.

A.tryveryhardB.takeourtime

C.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful

【答案析】A

【解析】由However从句当中的atfirstglance（乍一眼看上去〉，与下文中的takespecialpains进行对比，

既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。

7.利用经验和常识猜词

典例尚折

...“Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelights

andsirens（警笛）going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthe

highway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourand

beganpassingcarsontheshoulder.”

63.Themeaningof“panicked"inParagraph2isrelatedto.

A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear

【答案】D

【解析】依据本段内容描述，可以了解panicked意思是“惊慌〃，相当于fbar。

单，检测训练

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题组一〔2024年高考真题）

Passagel（2024•新课标卷LC）

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscoming

andalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groups

developedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000years

ago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzones

havelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover

800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesare

spokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡），withonlyafewelderly

speakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）,Lipan

ApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:noneoftheseseems

tohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant''underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Complex.B.Advanced.

C.Powerful.D.Modern.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800B.About3,400

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C.About2,400D.About1,200

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

Passage2（2024•新课标卷II,）

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'san

environmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrive

downtheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein*sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplastic

shoppingbags.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesor

alonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（U攵电艮台）.Thebagsareprohibited

insome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers1argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,which

areeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,

theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.

Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,

longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedat

least131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooand

wantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds"inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

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26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

Passage3（2024•浙江卷，B）

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'san

environmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrive

downtheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein*sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplastic

shoppingbags.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesor

alonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（U攵电艮台）.Thebagsareprohibited

insome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers1argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,which

areeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,

theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.

Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,

longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedat

least131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooand

wantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds"inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

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26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

Passage4（2024•北京卷，D）

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself^drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist?sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializing

intherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangiving

permitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulysei仔drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayfor

companiestosellorrentoutself^drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,it

shouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.

Ifshardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnology

hasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthe

transformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,

policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions"非

放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesure

thatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremost

adultsownindividualself^drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighways

becausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheir

driverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Instead

ofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself^drivingminibus.Theconvenience

evenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport-anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundin

ride-hailing（叫车）services.

AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecars

worldwidewithelectric,self^drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%and

cutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（才艮底设施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheaper

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travelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedby

ride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself^drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（责任

与维护问题）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortable

withthetechnology.

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn't

extendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnological

advancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,

andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.

47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan.

A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems

B.providebetterservicestocustomers

C.causedamagetoourenvironment

D.makesomepeoplelosejobs

48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor9smajorconcern?

A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.

C.Affordability.D.Management.

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fielded"inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Employed.B.Replaced.

C.Shared.D.Reduced.

50.Whatistheauthor9sattitudetothefutureofself^drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.

题组二（2024年高考真题）

Passagel（2024・新课标卷n,D）

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIan

Baldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboring

plantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplants

pumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.Ifsaplanfswayofcrying

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out.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpout

perfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetables

areturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusually

moreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmand

knewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryof

painorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighbors

justhappenedto“overhear"thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackand

forth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲热的）

thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There?sawholelotgoingon.

32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

33.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"thetablesareturned"inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

34.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

35.whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems

复习材料

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.

Passage2（2024•新课标HI卷，C）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Fourteenwolves

werecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrownto

morethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,

buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfrom

theYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumans

around.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations-majorfood

sources（来源）fbrthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），which

reducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyotes

killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.

Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplan

becausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.Fishand

WildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesover

howwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversand

redfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologists

decidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"displaced"inparagraph2mean?

A.Tested.B.Separated.

C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.

30.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?

复习材料

A.Damagetolocalecology.

B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.

C.Preservationofvegetation.

D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.

31.Whatistheauthor9sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

Passage3（2024・天津卷）

Thismonth,Germany5stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesfor

autonomousvehicles（自主驾驶车辆）.Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcars

performincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.

Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley，，ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyarea

betweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.

Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty（贝才产）damageoverpersonalinjury;thatit

neverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthe

drivingwheel-tocheckemail,say-thecar'smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.

“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,r，saysDobrindt.Itwillputfully

driverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.

Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.

“Theliability（法律责任）issueisthebiggestoneofthemall/'saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.

Anassu