2024年高考英语一轮复习(新人教版)教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters_第1页
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第Unit4NaturalDisasters

基础知识排直

■速记词汇句型背诵

I.认阅读单词

1.tornadon.(p/.-oesor-os)龙卷风;旋风

2.droughtn.旱灾;久旱

3.landsliden.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡

4.tsunamin.海啸

5.volcaniceruption火山喷发

6.magnituden.(地)震级;重大

7.evacuates.疏散;撤出况.撤离

8.helicoptern.直升机

9.crackn,裂纹;裂缝式(使)破裂

10.brickn.砖;石专块

11.metaln.金属

12.revive况.复活;(使)苏醒

13.revivaln.振兴;复苏

14.unify况统一;(使)成一体

15.volcanon.(p/.-oesor-os)火山

16.erupt况(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出

17.typhoonn.台风

18.hurricane(尤指西大西洋的)飓风

19.whistle况.吹口哨;发出笛声”.吹口哨〃.哨子(声);呼啸声

20.kitn.成套工具;成套设备

21.firstaidkit急救箱

II.记重点单词

1.disastern.灾难;灾害

2.slide况.&".(slid,slid)(使)滑行;滑动

3.floodn.洪水;大量况.淹没;大量涌入”.使灌满水;淹没

4.rescuen.&”.营救;救援

5.damage”.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失

6.destroy”.摧毁;毁灭

7.shelters.避难处;居所;庇护”.保护;掩蔽区躲避(风雨或危险)

8.ruinn.&".破坏;毁坏

9.percentn.百分之...adj.8cado.每一百中

10.trap”.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱

11.bury”.埋葬;安葬

12.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力

13.contextn.上下文;语境;背景

14.supplyn.供应(量卜补给;[〃/.]补给品”.供应;供给

15.tapoi.&".轻叩;轻敲;轻拍n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲

16.pipen.管子;管道

17.calm。力•.镇静的;沉着的”.使平静;使镇静

18.aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资式.&”.例厂加。/)帮助;援助

19.crash式.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞

20.sweepvt.&式.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫

21.waven.海浪;波浪式.&”.挥手;招手

22.strikevi.&(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击

in.知拓展单词

1.deathn.死;死亡一dead〃力.死的fdeadly4万.致命的fdieo.死亡

2.affect。/.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动feffect效果;结果;影响feffective时.有效的

3.shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克”.(使)震惊fshockingQ力•.令人震惊的一shocked〃的:

感到震惊的

4.electricityn.电;电能felectricadj.电的;用电的felectronicadj.电子的

5.breathe况.&呼吸fbreath〃.呼吸-*breathless。力•.气喘吁吁的

6.wisdomn.智慧;才智—wise〃的.明智的funwise〃力:不明智的

7.suffer”.遭受;蒙受式.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦fsuffering机受难;苦楚fsufferer几.受

苦者;受难者

8.survive况.生存;存活”.幸存;艰难度过fsurvival幸存;生还一survivor幸存者;

生还者

9.power机电力供应;能量;力量;控制力fpowerful4力:强大的;强壮的fpowerless46:

无力的

10.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况femergent〃力•.紧急的femergeoi.浮现;出现

11.deliver".&况.递送;传达”.发表一delivery机投递;送交

12.summaryn.总结;概括;概要fsummariz(s)e".&况.总结;概括

13.lengthn.长;长度一long〃的.长的一lengtheno.(使)变长

I词汇助力I高频词汇

1.ambulancen.救护车

2.ancientadj.古代的

3.anniversaryn,周年纪念日

4.annuala或每年的

5.antiquen,古董,古玩

6.apartmentn.公寓

7.apparent46•.表面上的;明显的

IV.背核心短语

1.asif似乎;好像;仿佛

2.inruins严重受损;破败不堪

3.inshock震惊;吃惊

4.intheopenair露天;在户外

5.onhand现有(尤指帮助)

6.sweepaway消灭;彻底消除

7.refusetodosth拒绝做某事

8.thenumberof.........的数量

9.asusual像往常一样

10.cometoanend告终;结束

V.悟经典句式

1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinside

buildings,(too...to...)

鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋里去。

2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!(asif引导的虚拟语气)

仿佛世界末日即将来临!

3.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.(主语+be+〃4/.+todo)

很难得到水、食物和电。

4.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trappedandtoburythedead.(thosewho...)

地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。

5.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlines

acrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia»India,Thailand,Malaysia,

andatleastfourothercountries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)

过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、

马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。

6.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(be

doing...when...正在做...突然....)

我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌到我家。

■填词

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

death,suffer,breathe,deliver,damage,strike,bury,shock

Disasterssuchastornadoes,droughts,floods,landslides»volcaniceruptions,typhoons,

hurricanesandearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranother,causinggreat1.damagetomany

countries.Insummary,theearthquakehastheworsteffects.The1976Tangshanearthquakecaused

morethan240,0002.deaths.90percentofhomeslayinruinsandpeople3.sufferedalot.Food,

waterandelectricitywerehardtoget.Everywherethe4.shockedsurvivorssawdestroyedbricks,

deepcracksinvillagewellsanduselessmetalsasiftheworldwereatanend.Rescueteamswho

wereinshockdugoutthetrapped,5.buriedthedead,andbuiltsheltersintheopenair.With

unifiedeffortsandwisdomofallpeople,thecityreviveditselfandbeganto6.breathe

again.Earthquakesundertheseacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunamithat7.struckAsiain2004

crashedintocoastlines.Hugewavessweptawaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareas

by8.deliveringfoodandsuppliesbyhelicopters.(Tipsforemergencywhichaffectspeople

greatly:XKeepcalmXTaponapipeorwhistleforhelpStayawayfrompowerlinesX

SurviveonwhatyouhaveonhandKeepfirstaidkitsathome)

核心考点突破

提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

Daffectv.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染(effect影响;结果;效果effective时.有

效的)

•beaffectedby受...的影响;被....感动

beaffectedwith感染...疾病

,haveaneffect/influenceon/upon又寸...产生影响

(l)Wemusttakeeffective(effect)measurestopreventnaturaldisastersinadvance.

⑵得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰,我非常抱歉。(2020•浙江7月,应用文写作)

LearningthatyouhavereturnedtoIrelandbecauseyouareaffectedwithaserious/severnillness,I

amterriblysorryaboutit.

⑶总的来说,英文报WK妨对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。

(2021・新高考全国I,应用文写作)

Insummary,theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmegreatly/hasagreateffectonme.Iamoften

deeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.

因shock%(使)震惊n.休克;震惊;令人震惊的事(shocked时.感到震惊的shockingadj.

令人震惊的)

,beashockto...对...而言是一■件震惊的事

inshock吃惊地,震惊地

,beshockedatsth/that…对...感到震惊

beshockedtodosth因做某事而感到震惊

(l)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruinsinshock,hecalled911immediatelytorescuethe

injuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.

(2)A11ofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythe

mountainfire.(shock)

(3)1wasshockedtohear(hear)thenewsthathiscargotcrashedtheotherdayseriously.Thenews

wasashocktous.

(4)Thebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.ElliandIwereshocked.(2020•浙江7月,读

后续写)

fThebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin,whichshockedElliandme/whichmadeElli

andmeshocked.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)

fWhatshockedElliandmewasthatthebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.(用what

引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)

❸biwy近.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏

burysthin...把某物埋在...

buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋头于,专心于

(l)Heweptsadlyandheburiedhisfaceinhishands.(读后续写之动作描写)

—Heweptsadly,buryinghisfaceinhishands.(用doing作状语改写)

fHeweptsadly,withhisfaceburiedinhishands.(用with的复合结构改写)

一Heweptsadly,hisfaceburiedinhishands.(用独立主格改写)

(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021•新高考全国I,应用文写作)

①Iburymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayandIhavegainedlotsof

colorfulknowledge.

②BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday,Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(ffi

过去分词短语作状语改写)

Elsuffer此遭受;蒙受试(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering〃.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦

难sufferern.受害者;患者)

sufferfrom遭受...折磨;患....病

(l)Peopleofthedisasterareasufferedalotfk)mthetyphoon,andwatersuppliesand

electricitywerehardtoget.

(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句X强调句)

Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,butitisthesufferingthatmakesusstronger.

司survive试生存;存活量幸免;幸存;艰难度过;生还;比……活得长(survivor加幸存

者survivaln,幸存;生还)

surviveon靠...存活下来

survivesth幸免于;从...中活过来

AsurviveB(by+时间)A比B活得长(.......)

(l)Wewilldoeverythinginourpowertohelpthosesurvivors(survive)inthetornado.

(2)Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness,shestillsurvivedherhusbandby5years.

(3)WhenIrealizedthatthepoorboysurvivedondiscarded(被丢弃的)food,awaveofsadnessand

sympathywashedoverme.

(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)

Lifeisn'tabouthowtosurvivethestorm;it'saboutlearningtodanceintherain.

国strikevt.&近.(struck,struck/stricken)击打;罢工;(时钟等)敲响;擦(火柴);撞击;侵

袭;给(某人以……)印象;突然想起n,罢工;罢课;袭击

,bestruckwith/by被...所袭击(感动)

Itstrikessbthat…某人觉得...;某人突然想起

sthstrikesb某人想到...

•beonstrike在罢工

goonstrike举行罢工

•表示"突然想到”的单词还有hit,occuro

(l)Theworkersarecomingoutonstrikeforhigherwages,whichisashocktothegovernment.

(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动,我没能控制住自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写

之心理描写)

©BecauseIwasstruckwith/bywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn?tcontainmyself,tearsof

gratitudeflowingdownmycheeks.

②Struckby/withwhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn'tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowing

downmycheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

(3)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021•浙江1月,读后续写)

Itsuddenlystruck/hit/occurredtomethatIcouldwinthefirstplacebyforcingmyheadinsidethe

pumpkin.

(4)约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法,于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。

(2020・新高考全国I,读后续写)

Agoodwaytopromotepopcornstruck/hit/occurredtoJohnandthus,hedashedtoBernard,s

homelikeagustofwind.

Hinmins严重受损;破败不堪(ruinn,废墟;毁灭毁灭;使破产)

be/lieinruins成为废墟;毁灭

fall/comeintoruin成为废墟;毁灭

ruinone'shope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康

(1)90percentofhouseslayinruinsafterthelandslideandhelicopterswereusedto

evacuatepeoplelivingthere.

(2)ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnightandit

nearlyruinedhishealth.(2020•全国I,书面表达)

—ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnight,which

nearlyruinedhishealth.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)

—ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnight,nearly

mininghishealth.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

盘asif引导的虚拟语气Itseemed魄g刖皿葭娓mmingMaxtod!仿佛世界末日即将

来临!

•asif相当于asthough,意为“似乎,好像“,用在seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。

asif/though还可引导方式状语从句。

•若asif/though从句描述非现实情况,则用虚拟语气。

①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were);

②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词);

③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。

(l)Listen,thewhistleofanambulance!Itseemsasifthereis(be)anemergency.

(2)Whenapencilispartlyputintowater,itlooksasifitwere(be)broken.

⑶似乎Mac的生命结束了。

ItseemedasifMac'slifehadcometoanend.

⑷树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续

写之心理描写)

Itisdarkinthewoods.ltseemsasiftherewereafiercebeastbehindeverybush.Thnmoreshe

thinksofthis,themorefrightenedsheis.

⑸眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像要说什么,但是又垂下了头。(2022.新高

考全国I,读后续写)

Tearsswirlinginhiseyes,Davidraisedhishead,lookedatmeasifhewouldsaysomething/asif

(hewas)tosaysomething,butloweredhisheadonceagain.

用法点拨若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大,则不用虚拟语气。

❾bedoing...when...IsrasJiadDOxeaktastwithmythreechildrenMbmwaterstarted

fillingmyhome.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌到我家。

句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意,还用于以下三

种句型:

•beabouttodo...when…正要估攵.突然....

•beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做..突然....

,had(just)done...when…冈"做完...这时突然....

⑴我们正要离开时,隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。

Wewereabouttoleave/wereonthepointofleavingwhenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.

⑵双胞胎正在煲(stew)鸡肉粥,这时他们的爸爸迈进了厨房。(2021•新高考全国I,读后续写)

Thetwinswerestewingchickenporridgewhentheirfathermarchedintothekitchen.

(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。

Ihadjustescapedfromtheburninghousewhenitfelltotheground.

■印证高考原句呈现

1.Itwouldworklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthe

driversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.(2022•新高考全

国H)

它的工作原理是这样的:一名到达事故现场的警官可以索要司机的手机,并且使用文本分析

仪在操作系统中核查最近的活动。

2.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthedamageitcausedhaddrivenawayanumberof

birds.(2020・新高考全国I)

那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了该地区,造成的破坏驱走了许多鸟类。

3.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,requiringtheemergencymedicalteamandgood

teamwork.(2021•全国乙)

她的昏倒是灾难性的,需要急诊医疗队和良好的团队合作。

4.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthere

istoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentask

interdependenceislower.(2019•目匕京)

他们得出的结论是,当任务相互依存度高时,团队人才过多会影响表现,而当任务相互依存

度较低时,单个人才则会对团队表现有积极影响。

5.Afterall,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,

equalrightstosurvive.(2019•江苏)

毕竟,并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情,最重要的是,它们有平等的生存权

利。

■巩固基础知识达标

提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

I.一词多义练/熟词生义练—清除阅读障碍

1.strike

A.a打B.a使突然想起C.儿罢工D.o.(灾难、疾病等)袭击E.划(火柴)F.o.(钟)敲

(l)WhenIenteredtheroom,theclockhadjuststruck10.F

(2)Asanoldsayinggoes,Striketheironwhileit'shot."You'dbettergooverwhatyou

havelearnedassoonaspossible.A

(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandthewarmlightfilledtheroomimmediately.E

(4)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldaystogetahigherpay.C

(5)Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek,whichthencausedaterribletsunami.D

(6)Itstrikesusthatwecanfollowthestreambacktothefarmhouse.B

2.deliver

A.递送B.生(小孩);接生C.发表(演说等)

(l)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy.B

(2)1?mhavingsomeflowersdeliveredforherbirthday.A

(3)1feelgreatlyhonouredtodeliveralectureongeneticengineeringhere.C

3.affect

A.影响B.感动C.(疾病)侵袭;使感染

(l)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,wecouldn'tholdbacktears.B

(2)Honestlyspeaking,thecoming-of-ageceremonyaffectsmegreatly.(2020-天津,书面表达)

A

(3)Thediseaseaffectsmanydifferentorgansofhisbody.C

4.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(l)Shewasrushedtothehospitalaftersufferingfromshock.休克

(2)Whenwevisitedtheoldfamilyhome,pastsweetmemoriescamefloodingback.大量涌入

n核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1.Hemadeagreatefforttosavethegirltrapped(trap)intheburninghouse.

2.Workingouteitherindoorsoroutdoorsregularlywillaffect(effect)yourfitnesspositively.

3.Thenewsthattheathletefailedinthemarathonduetoaseriousinjurymadeus

shocked(shock).

4.Buried(bury)inreadingthelegendofamasterinbasketball,hedidn'tmakeittoschoolon

time.

5.Howcanyousurviveonsuchapoordiet?Keepingslimdoesn,tmakesenseifyou?renot

healthy.

6.Comparedwiththosewhoareengagedinmanuallabor,teachersexperiencemoremental

sufferings(suffer).

7.ItstruckmethatIwascheatingmyselfbypretendingtounderstandwhatIdidn't.

8.Thestadiumandthegymlayinruinsafterthebigfirecausedbycarelesssmoking.

9.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstayed(stay)inAmericaforalongtime.

10.Towinanhonourforhiscountry,hedidn'tgiveupevenifhegotinjuredintherace,

setting(set)agoodexampletoothers.

写作能力提升

I.单句写作----应用文增分练

(2021・全国乙)——在线学习

1.我觉得在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。(Itstrikessbthat;effect)

Itstrikesmethatonlinelearninghasagreateffectonusstudents.

2.许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程,这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(be

buriedin;现在分词短语作结果状语)

Manystudentsareburiedinlearningbeneficialonlinecourses,broadeningtheirhorizonsand

enhancingtheirlearninginterest.

3.然而,使我们震惊的

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