DB43-T 2385-2022茶树人工杂交育种技术规程

ICS65.020.20

CCSB05

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2385—2022

茶树人工杂交育种技术规程

Technicalregulationsforteaplantartificialhybridizationbreeding

2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2385—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4亲本选择与组合选配································································································1

5母树培育···············································································································2

6花粉采集与贮藏······································································································2

7授粉·····················································································································2

8授粉后茶园管理······································································································2

9果实采收、考种与贮藏·····························································································3

10播种····················································································································3

11F1代单株移栽········································································································3

12档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）杂交组合授粉档案记载·······································································5

附录B（资料性）杂交授粉结实率统计表·······································································6

I

DB43/T2385—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。

本文件由湖南省农业技术标准委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南省茶叶研究所、湖南湘波绿茶叶科技有限公司

本文件主要起草人：雷雨、李赛君、段继华、黄飞毅、康彦凯、罗意、丁玎、陈莹玉、陈宇宏。

III

DB43/T2385—2022

茶树人工杂交育种技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了茶树[Camelliasinensis（L.）O.Kuntze]人工杂交育种技术的亲本选择和组合选配、母

树培养、花粉采集与贮藏、授粉、授粉后茶园管理、杂交果实采收、考种与贮藏、播种育苗、F1代单株

移栽、档案管理。

本文件适用于茶树人工杂交育种。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

GB11767茶树种苗

NY/T1312农作物种质资源鉴定技术规程茶树

NY/T2019茶树短穗扦插技术规程

NY/T5018茶叶生产技术规程

3术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

茶树人工杂交育种artificialhybridizationbreedingoftea

用不同基因型的育种材料采用人工杂交方法获得杂种F1代，从F1代中择优育成符合生产要求的茶

树新品种的过程。

4亲本选择与组合选配

4.1亲本选择原则

4.1.1具有育种目标性状。

4.1.2具有较多优良性状，且没有突出缺点。

4.1.3具有特殊优异性状的种质资源。

4.2组合选配原则

4.2.1父母本性状互补

4.2.2母本适应性强，能适应当地气候及栽培条件，结实率不低于12％。

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4.2.3父母本花期基本一致

5母树培育

应选择8龄～20龄青壮年茶树；在杂交前一年的秋冬季或当年春季剪除老弱、病、虫枝和压短徒

长枝。适当增施磷、钾肥，氮、磷、钾的比例应接近1∶1∶1。

6花粉采集与贮藏

6.1采集工具

准备干燥器、毛笔、吊牌、镊子、烧杯或培养皿、羊皮纸袋等。

6.2采集方法

采集父本茶树上松动、乳白色的含苞待放的花蕾，用羊皮纸袋装好后贮放于干燥器中。第二天用镊

子夹住花柄，轻轻剥开花瓣，并敲打振动，使花粉散落在烧杯或培养皿中，收集完后贴上品种标签。

6.3贮藏

采集的花粉宜当天使用，如需贮存可选择1℃～5℃冰箱中低温干燥保存，时间不超过7天。

7授粉

7.1时间

一般在10月～11月，母本茶树50～75％花朵达自然开放的盛花期，选择无风、无露水的晴天上午

进行；阴天柱头有粘性，可整天进行。

7.2方法

7.2.1选取茶丛中部或中下部着生在短枝上发育良好的含苞待放的花蕾挂上标签，并摘除该枝条上其

它花蕾。

7.2.2去除雄蕊（雄蕊要去除干净，不能损伤柱头），用毛笔轻轻地蘸取花粉授在雌蕊柱头上，直至肉

眼看到柱头上沾有金黄色花粉。

7.2.3授粉后及时套上羊皮纸袋防止其它花粉串入，授粉5天～7天柱头枯萎后取羊皮纸袋。

8授粉后茶园管理

8.1施肥管理

重施基肥，增施磷钾肥。立冬之后施用200kg～250kg/667m2菜子饼或1000kg～1200kg/667m2

农家肥，并配合尿素等其他肥料均匀施入。

8.2病虫草害防治

按NY/T5018规定执行。

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DB43/T2385—2022

9果实采收、考种与贮藏

9.1果实采收

霜降前后7天，当70％～80％茶果果皮呈棕褐色或绿褐色失去光泽时，按不同杂交组合及时对杂

交果实进行采收，统计结实率并进行考种。

9.2考种

按NY/T1312规定执行。

9.3贮藏

9.3.1采用沙藏，即将茶籽摊放在地面不返潮的阴凉房间内，厚度约15cm，并用厚度约3cm的湿润

的细沙覆盖。

9.3.2需长时间贮藏的采用木箱或木桶等容器，在其底部铺上一层细沙，把茶籽和湿沙按1∶1比例拌

匀，放于容器中，在其顶部铺上细沙和稻草。每隔10天～15天检查一次，发现霉变及时捡剔，如细砂

泛白，宜撒清水保湿（以湿而不漏为宜）。

10播种

10.1整地作畦

10.1.1整地

播种前苗圃地翻耕两次，第一次在10月底至11月初，将苗圃地全面深翻，深度为30cm，10天～

15天后进行第二次翻耕；第二次翻耕10cm左右，结合平整土地，每亩撒施粉碎菜饼150kg，肥料与

表土均匀混合。

10.1.2作畦

开畦面宽1m，沟深0.3m；铺3～5cm心土（以白沙土为佳），整平后划行，行距8cm。

10.2浸种

将茶籽放于盛有3％的多菌灵（含量50％）容器中浸泡3天～5天，每天换水1次，浮在水面的种

子剔除。

10.3播种

11月至次年3月进行播种，采用条播，行距8cm，株距3cm。

10.4苗期管理

按NY/T2019规定执行。

11F1代单株移栽

以亲本和国家级对照种为对照，选择优良单株进行移栽，苗木质量应符合GB11767的规定。

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DB43/T2385—2022

12档案管理

对杂交育种区域的气候、田间管理、杂交过程、亲本信息等相关信息建立档案材料；并有专人对档

案进行整理、归档，长期保存，需纸质版和电子版同时保存。

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附录A

（资料性）

杂交组合授粉档案记载

年份：

序号组合编号母本名称父本名称授粉花数授粉时间授粉地点天气

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DB43/T2385—2022

附录B

（资料性）

杂交授粉结实率统计表

年份：

序号组合编号授粉挂牌数（个）收果数（个）结实率（％）

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DB43/T2385—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4亲本选择与组合选配································································································1

5母树培育···············································································································2

6花粉采集与贮藏······································································································2

7授粉·····················································································································2

8授粉后茶园管理······································································································2

9果实采收、考种与贮藏·····························································································3

10播种····················································································································3

11F1代单株移栽········································································································3

12档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）杂交组合授粉档案记载·······································································5

附录B（资料性）杂交授粉结实率统计表·······································································6

I

DB43/T2385—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。

本文件由湖