高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection Period One Warm­up and Lesson 1课时精练 北师大版选修8

Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionPeriodOneWarm­upandLesson1课时精练（北师大版选修8，课标通用）时间：45分钟Ⅰ.用适当的介、副词填空1．Because________thegreenhouseeffect,theEarthiswarmedbygasestrapped________theatmosphere.2．Globalwarmingisanincrease________timeoftheaveragetemperature________theEarth.3．Globalwarmingrefers________anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn,leads________climatechange.4．Theamountofcarbondioxide________theatmospherehasrisen________morethan30%inthelast250years________halfofthisincreaseoccurringsince1960.5．Manyexpertsinsistthattheblame________thisglobalwarmingcanmostlybepinned________humanactivities.6．Ifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergases________suchhugequantities,wearecondemninglife________Earth.7．Seriousdiseaseswillspreadandindustriesthatrely________naturesuch________fishingwillbebadlyaffected.8．Iflesscarbondioxidegoes________theatmosphere，globalwarmingwillslow________.9．Evensimplethingslikeusingrecycledpaperorswitching________thelightswhenyouleavearoomcanhelp.10．Ifweadd________allthesesmallchangesmade______everyoneworldwide，theywon'tbesuchsmallchanges.答案1.of；in2.over；of3.to；to4.in；by；with5．for；on6.in；on7.on；o；down9.off10．up；byⅡ.单词拼写1．Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect，theEarthiswarmedbygases________(困在)intheatmosphere.2．Overfishingisharmfultothe________(生态)ofthesea.3．Breweriesareoftenbuiltinnature________(保护区)．4．Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereached________(一致的意见)thathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate.5．Howisglobalwarming________(与……相联系)toourlives?6．Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun'srayswouldb________backintospace.7．IfyoucontinutetoproduceCO2andothergases，youarec________lifeonEarth.8．Manypeoplebelievethattheyaresimplynotpreparedtos________theamountofmoneytheymakefromindustrytosavetheEarth.9．Theysuggestmakingsmallchangesliketakingpublictransportandr________.10．Afterall，there'snos________forourEarth.答案1.trapped2.ecology3.reserves4.consensus5.relevant6.bounce7.condemning8.sacrifice9.recycling10.substituteⅢ.佳句翻译与仿写1．Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereachedconsensusandreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate—somethingpreviouslyseenasbeyondourcontrol.翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：在过去的四年里，汤姆游遍了中国的大部分城市。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Lookingahead，scientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury.翻译：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：受到老师的鼓励后，李华展望未来，充满了信心。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：如果地球上没有水，植物就会死亡。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．Asaresultofincreasedindustry，agriculture，thecuttingdownofforests，theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels，nearly6tonnesofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphereeveryyearforeveryoneoftheEarth's6billionpeople.翻译：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：她由于交通阻塞而迟到了。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．Thisisnoeasytask，however，andsomegovernments,forexample，theUSA'sfederalgovernment，expressreservationsaboutwhetherglobalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanactivities.翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：这种病是否会传染还存有疑问。Thereissomedoubtasto_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.答案1.在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。Inthelastfouryears，TomhastraveledtomostofthecitiesinChina.2．展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是二十一世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。Lookingahead，LiHuaisfullofconfidenceafterhisteacherencouragedhim.3．如果没有这些自然生成的气体，太阳光线就会反射回太空中，使得地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生物生存。Plantswoulddiewithoutwaterontheearth.4．由于工业、农业(的规模)不断扩大，成片成片的森林被砍伐，交通运输日益频繁，燃料消耗不断增长，对于地球上60亿人口中的每个人来说，每年有大约6公吨的二氧化碳被释放到大气中。Shewaslateasaresultofthetrafficjam.5．这不是一项简单的工作，然而一些政府，例如美国的联邦政府，对于全球变暖是否真正由人类活动引起仍持保留意见。whethertheillnessisinfectiousⅣ.单项填空1．Revisereportedspeechandpractisevocabulary________globalwarming,naturaldisastersand________animals.A．relatingto;endangeringB．relatedto;endangeringC．relatingto;endangeredD．relatedto;endangered解析句意：复习间接引语并练习与全球变暖、自然灾害及濒危动物有关的单词。第一空relatingto“与……有关”，现在分词短语作定语修饰vocabulary；第二空endangered“濒危的”，修饰animals。因animals与endanger构成被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语。所以应选C项。答案C2．________thegreenhouseeffect，theEarthiswarmedbygases________intheatmosphere.A．Because;trapping B．Because;trappedC．Becauseof；trapping D．Becauseof；trapped解析because引导原因状语从句；becauseof＋名词或名词短语。由句式结构分析，第一空应用becauseof，故排除A、B两项；第二空gases与trap之间属被动关系，故应用过去分词trapped修饰gases，所以应选D项。答案D3．Overfishingisharmful________theecologyofthesea.A．forB．onC．toD．with解析句意：捕捞过度对海洋生态是有害的。beharmfultosth对……有害。答案C4．Sohigh________inseveralplacesthatmanyhomesareatriskfromflooding.A．thewaterlevelhasrisenB．hasthewaterlevelrisenC．thewaterlevelisrisenD．isthewaterlevelrisen解析句意：一些地方的水平面已经上升得如此高以致于许多住宅有被洪水淹没的危险。so＋adj./adv.置于句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，所以排除A、C两项。rise属不及物动词，不能用被动形式，故应选B项。答案B5．Butwhatexactlyisglobalwarmingandhowisitrelevant________ourlives?A．withB．toC．onD．of解析考查固定短语。berelevantto...与……有关。答案C6．GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat，________，leadstoclimatechange.A．inturn B.inreturnC．inshort D．incase解析句意：全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。inturn转而；反过来；inreturn作为回报；inshort简言之；incase以防万一。由句意知应选A项。答案A7．Overthelast100years,theglobalaveragetemperature________by1．A．increases B．increasedC．willincrease D．hasincreased解析in/overthelast...用作时间状语，句子往往用现在完成时，所以应选D项。答案D8．Recentreportswarnedthatglobalwarmingwillcauseterribleclimatechanges________morefrequentflooding,heatwavesanddroughts.A．include B．includesC．including D．included解析句意：最近的报告警告说全球变暖会引起可怕的气候变化，包括更加频繁的洪水、热浪与干旱。includingprep.意为“包括”，常位于所修饰的名词、代词前面。而includedadj.意为“包括在内的”，常位于所修饰的名词、代词之后。所以应选C项。答案C9．Howcanthesedisastersbe________happening?A．stopped B．keptC．prevented D．stoppedfrom解析考查固定用法。stop/keep/preventsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物干某事，其中from与stop或prevent连用时可以省略，但在被动语态中from一般不能省略。所以应选D项。答案D10．________，givereasonsforyouranswers.A．Ifitnecessary B.IfisnecessaryC．Ifnecessary D．Ifyouarenecessary解析句意：如果有必要的话，给出你的答案的理由。ifnecessary＝ifitisnecessary。答案C11．Thesecretaryshouldhaveallthe________documentsreadybeforethemeetingbegins.A．concerning B.respectingC．relevant D．regarding解析relevant在此意为“相关的”。答案C12．—MayItakethistable，please?—Sorry,ithasbeen________bysomeoneelse.A．preserved B．reservedC．conserved D．deserved解析句意：——我可以用这张桌子吗？——对不起，这张桌子已被别人预订了。preserve保存；reserve预订；conserve保护；deserve值得。答案B13．Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A．find B．tofindC．onfinding D．infinding解析insist后常接从句或ondoing结构，不接不定式或indoing结构。答案C14．Itwasfoolishofhimto________hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished.A．stickto B．refertoC．keepto D．pointto解析句意：在那次重要的考试中他查看笔记真是太蠢了，结果他受到了惩罚。stickto坚持；referto查阅；keepto坚持；pointto指向。答案B15．Therevolutionariessacrificedthemselves________ourcountryduringthepastyears.A．forB．toC．ofD．in解析句意：在过去的日子里，许多革命者为了我们的国家而作出牺牲。sacrifice...forsb/sth为某人/某事而牺牲，是习惯搭配，故选A项。答案AⅤ.语篇填词Canwetaketheheat?Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate，whichwasconsidered__1__ourcontrol.Theyclaimthatinthelast50years,gasespumpedintotheEarth'satmospherehavebeen__2__theprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate.Globalwarming，whichisseenasoneofthebiggest__3__problemsfacing21stcentury，isadangertoourlives.Globalwarming__4__anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat，__5__，leadstoclimatechange.ThetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegases，withoutwhichtheEarthcanbecoldandimpossibletoliveon.However，whenthepresenceofthesegasesintheatmosphereincreases,theEarth'stemperature__6__.Overthelast100years,asaresultofhumanactivitiesincludingindustry,agriculture,thecuttingdownofforests，theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels,theglobalaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby__7__.Ifitcontinuestorise，wehumanbeingswillsuffersevereconsequencessuchasflooding,heatwaves，droughts,seriousdiseases.Howcanwestopthesedisastersfromhappening?__8__allovertheworldhavearesponsibilitytoreducegreenhousegases.Somegovernmentsexpress__9__aboutwhetherglobalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanactivities.Eveneveryaveragepersoncanplaytheirpart.Theycanmakesmallchanges，whichcanbeaddedupto__10__ourfuture.Afterall,there'snosubstituteforourEarth.答案1.beyond2.speedingup3.environmental4.refersto5.inturn6.rises7.18.Governments9．reservations10.saveⅥ.完形填空Whenthepopulationoftheporttownbegantosufferfrompoisoning,thepolicecametofindoutthecause.They__1__someonewaspoisoningthepeopleonpurposebutnooneknewhowitwas__2__.Thenpeopletookthe__3__thattheporkwaspoisoned，foritwasa__4__foodeveryoneateandcouldhavepossiblymadeeveryonesick.Anyonewhohadpossessionofthe__5__threwitoutandnooneinthetown__6__eatthepork.Posterswerepostedonpolesandlettersweresenttoeveryoneto__7__peopleofthepork.However，shortlyafterwards，__8__policemeninhighpositionswerealsogettingsick.Soonitbecamepolitical.Inordertogetmoresupport，politicians__9__tothetownandpromisedthattheywouldfindoutthecauseand__10__iftheywereelected.However,everyonewasso__11__thattheydidn'tcareaboutpolitics.Everyonewasinasituation__12__heorshedidn'tknowwhattodoanymore.Theywenttothe__13__tomailpostersoutaskingforhelp.Oneday，awell­knownscientistfromNewYorkcametothetownwithahugebox__14__manyinstruments.Hewenttosomepoolsofthetowntomakemeasurements.Andsomedayslater，hemadea__15__atanewspapermeetingroomtoannouncehisfindings.“Iamsorrytosaythe__16__youdrinkissoheavilypolluted.Iknowwhohasbeen__17__youallforsuchalongtime.Itisyouwhohavebeenpoisoningyourselveswith__18__.Agreatdealofrubbishhasbeen__19__thewaterdayafterday.Nooneherehastakengoodcareoftheenvironment.Itisno__20__allofyouhavebeensick.”Shockedatthenews，thepeoplepresentwerelostinthought.1．A.thoughtB．knewC．realizedD．directed解析这个小镇的人们开始中毒，所以人们“认为”是有人在故意投毒。答案A2．A.falseB．necessaryC．fitD．possible解析possible表示可能性。答案D3．A.chargeB．chanceC．positionD．aid解析position在此意思是“看法；观点”。句意：有些人认为是猪肉被人投毒了。答案C4．A.saltyB．popularC．preciousD．smelly解析从修饰语everyoneate判断，“这是一种受欢迎的食物”。答案B5．A.meatB．fishC．porkD．chicken解析从前文的“...theporkwaspoisoned”以及后文的“threwito