2024届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解 练习有答案解析

Passage1

Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.

Atfirst,IjustsoundedhoarsewhenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad's

condition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn'tevensay“Yesplease“toacupofteawithout

soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,nose

andthroatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.

We'reallfamiliarwiththemuscletighteningthatcomeswiththebody'snatural

responsetostress.Themusclesinandaroundthevoiceboxarenoexception,anda

longperiodofstresscanleadtolastingdamagetothevocalcords（声带）.Perhapsthe

mostobviousthingyoucandotoprotectyourvoiceistogiveitarest.Thatdoesn't

meanyouhavetokeepsilent.Justtrytoavoidplaces,suchasnoisybarsand

restaurants,whereyouhavetospeakuporshouttobeheard,andmovecloserto

peoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.Whilesomeoftheadviceseemslike

commonsense,thereareafewsurprises.It'simportanttoresisttheurgetocoughor

clearyourthroatbeforeattemptingtospeak,forexample.Coughingpushesthevocal

cordstogetherwithforce,whichcanincreasetheriskoflosingyourvoice.Instead,

expertssuggesttakingafewbigyawns,makingsuretobreathedeeplyfromthe

bottomofyourlungs.Yawninghelpscreatemorespaceinyourthroatandrelaxesthe

muscles.

Whisperingmayseemtheobviouswaytocommunicatewhenyourvoiceis

failing,butformostofus,itcausesmoreproblems.It'sfarbetter,theresearchers

advisetoaimtospeaksoftlyinyournormalvoice.

Interestingly,aUniversityofMissouristudyfoundthatintroverts（内向者）are

morelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocal

control.Simplytakingadeepbreathbeforeyouspeakcangoalongwaytowards

calmingthenerves,saysstudyleadauthorProfessorMariaDietrich.

InmycaseseekingmoresupportwithDad'scarehelpedmesoundmorelike

myselfandlesslikeMinniewithinweeks.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hoarse“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Unabletospeak.

B.Unabletoexpressoneself.

C.(Sounding)sweetandsmooth.

D.(Sounding)roughandunpleasant.

2.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.

B.Tomakethearticleinteresting.

C.Tosharetheauthor'spersonalexperience.

D-Toofferevidencefortheauthor'sargument.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisagoodwaytoprotectyourvocalcords?

A.Whisperinginanoisyenvironment.

B.Avoidingbigyawnsbeforespeaking.

C.Shorteningthedistancefromothers.

D.Coughingsoftlytomakeyourvoiceclear.

4.Whyisitmorelikelyforintrovertstohavevocalcordproblems?

A.Theyhavedifficultyinvocalcontrol.

B.Theyalwayswhisper,whichmaycausemoreproblems.

C.Theyareprobablyundermorepressurewhenspeaking.

D.Theyalwaysforgettotakeadeepbreathbeforetalking.

Passage2

Wildanimalsarehuman'sfriends,animportantpartofthenaturalecosystem,

andvaluablenaturalresourcesendowed(赋予)bynature.

Indianelephants,asubspeciesofAsianelephants,havebeenconsidered

endangeredsince1986.Thereareonlyanestimated20,000to25,000Indian

elephantsleftinthewild,andtheglobalpopulationisbelievedtobedecreasing.

HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.Recent

economicgrowthandsubsequentincreaseddevelopmentinAsiaarethemaincauses

ofthishabitatloss.Fromexpandinghumansettlementsandminingtoconvertingland

toplantationsandinfrastructure基石出建设)，manyactivitiescanblockmigratory

elephantroutesanddrivethemintosmallersub-populations.Whenanimalsareforced

intosmallerpocketsofpopulations,theyrisklosinggeneticdiversityandhavea

higherchanceofdyingfromdiseaseandnaturaldisasters.

InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.

Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephant

populationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.

Aselephantslosetheirhabitatstohumansettlementsanddevelopment,

interactionsbetweenhumansandelephantsalsorise.Elephantpopulations,especially

thoselivingoutsideofprotectedareas,wanderintoagriculturallandsinsearchof

foodandcausecroporpropertyloss.Evenworse,theseimpactsmaycausefarmers

andresidentstoretaliateagainsttheelephantsiftheybelievetheirassetsareindanger.

Poisonorotherdeadlymethodshavebeenused.

AlthoughcountrieslikeIndia,Vietnam,andMyanmarhavecompletelybanned

thecaptureofwildelephantsforanypurpose,illegalhuntingstillhappensinthose

andothernationswhereIndianelephantslive.

CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.Inparts

ofMyanmar,teamsofrangersworktoprotectandco-managewildelephant

populationswiththeWildlifeConservationSociety.TheyusetheSpatialMonitoring

andReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-basedsoftwareto

systematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.With

SMART,parkmanagerscandeployrangersstrategicallyinhotpotsforillegalhunting

orotherillegalactivities,manageefforts,andorganizeresources.

5.WhatistheimmediatecauseofthedeclineofIndianelephant'snumber?

A.Thegrowthofeconomy.

B.Thelossoftheirhabitat.

C.Thechangeoftheclimate.

D.Theincreaseofillegalhunting.

6.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4show?

A.Themainchangeofecosystem.

B.ThemainfeaturesofIndianelephants.

C.TheproblemscausedbyIndianelephants.

D-TheseverityofIndianelephants*situation.

7.HowdoestheSMARTwork?

A.Bycompletelypreventinghunting.

B.Bycollectingandreportingdatacollectedfromforests.

C.ByfoundingtheWildlifeConservationSociety.

D.Bycountingthepopulationofwildlife.

8.What'sthepurposeofthistext?

A.ToadvertiseforIndianelephants.

B-ToattracttouriststowatchIndianelephants.

C.ToappealtopeopletoprotectIndianelephants.

D-TointroduceSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool.

Passage3

Whydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybea

selflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.

Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderful

ingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthe

bettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.Andasurprising

newsetofresearchstudieshavefoundthatsleeplossmayaffectourgenerosityat

differentlevels.

ResearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkley,ledthreesmallstudiesto

exploregenerosity.Inonestudy,theyexposedagroupofhealthyadultstoanightof8

hoursofsleepandanightwithnosleep.Researchersscannedtheparticipants1brains

aftereachnight.Afterasleeplessnight,areasofthebraininvolvedinempathyand

helpingbehaviorwerelessactive.Infact,whenthestudyparticipantsweresleepless

atnight,78%ofthemdemonstratedareductioninthedesiretohelpothers.

Inthenextstudy,researcherstracked136peoplethroughonlinequestionnaires

andsleepdiariesforafewdays.Theywantedtoseeifnightlyvariationsinsleep

affectedtheirdesiretohelpothers.Theyfoundthat,whensleepqualityworsened

fromonenighttothenext,therewasamajordecreasein"helpingchoices“andvice

versa.

Thethirdstudylookedathowsleeplossaffectedgenerosityonalargerscale.

Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover3millioncharitabledonationsmadeinthe

U.S..TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)

inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.

Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchange

theirclocks.Thisdropwasn'tseeninregionsthatdidn'tobservethetimechange.It

showedthatinsufficientsleeptriggeredbythetimechangeimpacteddonation

behavior.

Alltheseresultssuggestthatinsufficientsleepmakesuslesscompassionateand

helpful.Throughouttheworld,morethanhalfofadultsdon'tgetenoughsleepduring

theworkweek,butweshouldallstartvaluingadequatesleepratherthantreatingit

likesomethingoptionalorunproductive.Ifso,itwillenableustobemorehelpfuland

tobethebestversionsofourselves.

9.Whafsthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tostartaheateddiscussion.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Topresentasocialphenomenon.

D.Toshowtheauthor'sconclusion.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alacrity“meaninthesecondparagraph?

A.Understanding.B.Ability.

C.Awareness.D.Eagerness.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthethreestudies?

A.PeopleobservingDSTarelikelytodonateless.

B.Peoplechangetheirclockstohavemoreempathy.

C.Sleepqualitydeterminesthedesiretogiveahand.

D.Sleeplosscanseverelyaffecthelpingbehavior.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A・SleepTriggersBehavior

B・AdequateSleep:AHealthyPerson

C-SleepInfluencesGenerosity

D-SoundSleep:AProductivePerson

Passage4

Myson'sseventhbirthdayisapproaching,soconversationatmyhousehas

naturallyturnedtoorganizinghisparty.

Forhissixthbirthday,webookedthelocaltrampoline（蹦床）park.Thisworked

outwell.Butthewholeeventcostushundredsofpounds.Thisyear,Pmtryingto

convincehimthatthedinosaur-themedparkdowntheroadoffersjustasmuch

fun一andyoudon'tevenneedtowearspecialsocks!Thiswillbecheaper,becausewe

aren'trequiredtohireaspace-wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.

ButIstillkeepponderingoveronething-partybags.Whyshouldabunchof

seven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,

alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?

Partybagsareanenvironmentaldisaster.Ireckonmysonattends20partiesper

year,andateachpartythereare20kidsinattendance,whichmeans400plasticbags

intotal.Withinthese400bagsareperhaps800plastictoys,almostallofwhichfall

apartonthejourneyhomeandthengetbinnedinstantly.Thewasteisshocking,and

Idon'twanttobepartofit.

Iknowtherearesomepartybagalternatives:onecoupleIknowcoveredatable

withMr.Menbooksandgotthekidstochooseoneeach.Atanotherparty,Isawthe

hostsfillabucketwithsofttoysandcrumplednewspaper,anddoaluckydip（抽奖）.

Admirableefforts.

Evenifthatisanicetry,andevenifthecontentsinthepartybagsdon'tfallapart,

sowhat?Willourgueststhinkmorehighlyofourchildbecauseofthepartybags

fromourparty?Willmychild'sabilitytomakeandkeepfriendsbeimproved?

Well,thetraditionforkid'spartybagsendswithme,anditendshere,anditends

now.Who'swithme?

13.Whydoestheauthorrecommendthedinosaur-themedpark?

A.Becauseit'smoreenjoyable.

B.Becauseitprovidessocks.

C・Becauseitcanreducecost.

D.Becauseitoffersfreetickets.

14.Whatmaybeputinpartybags?

A.Giftsbroughtbyguests.

B.Giftspreparedbyhosts.

C.Giftsdistributedbyparks.

D・Giftadonatedbycharities.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspartybags?

A.Intolerant.B.Objective.

C.Favorable.D.Indifferent.

16.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"getbinned^^meaninParagraph4?

A.Berecycled.B.Berepaired.

C.Bethrownaway.D.Begivenaway.

Passage5

Onesummermidnight,standingoutsideawoodenhouseinMichigan'sUpper

Peninsula,Ilookedup.Thesightofthousandsofstarswasalmostenoughtomakeme,

anon-believer,offerawordofgratitudeupintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?

PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.

Abatscientist,EklofworksinthenightshadowsinwesternSweden.Hiswork

requiresanabsolutekindofdarknessunpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryof

darknessisthreatened.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesin

Swedenhousedbatcaves.Notanylonger."Today,thisnumberhasbeenreducedbya

thirdduetolightpollution,becausethechurchesallglowbrightlyinthenight."he

writes.

Wehaveallnoticeditwhendrivingthroughanycityatnight.Emptyplacesare

floodlit.ThenightskyinHongKongis1,200timesbrighterthananunlitone.

Citizensofsomelargecities,writesEklof,haveneverallowedtheireyestoadaptto

truenightvision.Butweareonlynowbeginningtounderstandtheeffects.

Toomuchlightisincrediblydestructivetothecomplexeco-systemsmany

animalsinhabit.ItscaresawaythebatsthatEklofstudies;reeffisheggsgounhatched;

birdsforgettoevensing.

Sohowcanwedealwiththetoomuchlight?In2019,Francepassedlaws

limitinghowmuchlightcanbesentintothesky.InVienna,Austria,thecity'slights

areturnedoffat11p.m.Somemeasures,likeartificiallightsthatdonotreflectlight

upward,arealreadywithinourgrasp."Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswe

don'twantto,becausedarknessisnotsafeforeveryone."saidEklofinarecent

interview.taSoifsvitalwefindamiddleway.”

Rightnow,it'shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,

everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthave

completelyforgottenwhatdarknessis-theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.

17.WhatdoweknowaboutEklofswork?

A.Itreduceslightpollution.

B-Itfocusesonstarsandsky.

C.Itstrengthenspeople'sbelief.

D-Itrequiresaspecificcondition.

18.Whatcanreplacetheunderlined"it"inmeaninginParagraph3?

A.Darkness.B.Anunlitcity.

C.Floodlighting.D.Thenightsky.

19.WhatareParagraphs4and5mainlyaboutregardinglightpollution?

A.Causeanddamage.

B.Effectandsolution.

C.Consequenceanddisadvantage.

D.Analysisandpotential.

20.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardlightingmanagement?

A.Balanced.B.Negative.

C.Unclear.D.Conservative.

Passage6

Formuchofhumanhistory,ethical（道德的）behaviorhasbeenguidedbythe

GoldenRule:dotoothersasyouwouldhavethemdotoyou.Buttheruleisimperfect.

Whatyouwantinagivensituationmaynotbewhatanotherpersondesiresatall.

Inthemedicalfield,makingorinfluencingchoicesforotherscanmakeallthe

difference.Suchchoicesimpactpeople'squalityoflifeandeventheirchancesof

survival.Ashealthcarebecomesmoreindividualized,thetimeseemsrightforanew

ethicalguideline-the"platinum（白金）rule^^proposedbyprofessorHarveyMax

Chochinov:dotoothersastheywouldwantdonetothemselves.

Chochinovdescribesthisprincipleinhisessaypublishedlastyear.Hebegins

withastoryaboutahealthcrisisaffectinghissisterEllen,whowasseverelydisabled.

Thecaredoctor,afterseeinghertwisted（扭曲的）body,wasweighingwhetherto

insertabreathingtubewhenheaskedChochinovastrangequestion:DidEllenread

magazines?”Thequestionwasfrightening."Chochinovwrites,“thiswasnotan

attempttogettoknowEllen...butratherawaytodecideifherswasalifeworth

saving."Ellenreadwidelyandenjoyedmanysimplepleasuresoflife,butthegap

betweenherlifeasapersonwhousesawheelchairandthedoctor'ssenseofwhathe

wouldwantinhersituationwastoovasttobebridgedbytheGoldenRule."That's

whenjudgingfromwhereyoustandwhatanothermightneedorwantbeginstobreak

down,“Chochinovexplained.

Timeisalimitedresourceinthehealth-caresystem,andthere'snodenyingthat

gettingtoknowapatientasanindividualmeansinvestingadditionalminutesorhours.

Still,Chochinovbelievessuchinvestmentiscost-effective.Therearebenefitsfor

doctorsaswell."Whentheyemotionallyconnecttotheirpatients,theydoabetter

job.”

Incertaincases,doctorsmayfindithardtoapplytheplatinumrule.Butthereis

valueintheeffort:attheveryleast,theirtryingtoworkthroughitwillensurethat

theyhavesufficientmodestyaboutthewisdomoftheirchoices.

21.Whyistheplatinumruleintroducedtothemedicalfield?

A.Tostrengthenethicalbehaviorintreatment.

B.Tohelpdoctorsacquireaccurateinformation.

C.Toincreasechancesofsurvivalforpatients.

D.Tomakeperson-centeredcareaccessibletopatients.

22.WhatcanwelearnfromEllen'sstory?

A.Ahealthcrisiscausedherdisability.

B.Thedoctorwascuriousaboutherhobby.

C.Thedoctorgavelittlethoughttoherneeds.

D.Herbrothersanghighpraisesforthetreatment.

23.WhichstatementmightChochinovagreewith?

A.Healthcaresystemneedsinvesting.

B.Timeputintoknowingapatientisrewarding.

C.Trustbetweendoctorsandpatientsisimportant.

D.Emotionalconnectiontopatientsbringsjobburnout.

24.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheplatinumrule?

A.Objective.B.Favorable.

C.Careful.D.Unclear.

Passage1

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过一次失声的经历，讲述如何保

护嗓子。

1.答案与解析:D词义猜测题。根据画线词前面一句中的“...Ilostmyvoice.”

以及下文的“...soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.”可推断，作者的

声音变得沙哑难听。故选D。

2.答案与解析：A推理判断题。文章主要讲述了保护嗓子的方法。作者

用自己的一段亲身经历开头，目的是为了引出文章的主体部分。故选A。

3.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...andmoveclosertopeople

soyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.”可知，可以通过缩短与谈话人的距离来降低

说话的音量，从而达到保护嗓子的目的。故选C。

4.答案与解析:C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"...introverts（内向者）are

morelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocal

control.”可知，内向者跟人聊天时内心压力更大，声带受压力影响，更容易损坏。

故选C。

Passage2

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍印度象濒临灭绝，各国正

在积极采取措施保护印度象。

5.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"Habitatlossiswidely

consideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.”可知，印度象数量下降的直接原因是

它们栖息地的丧失。故选B。

6.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段“InIndia,elephantshavefaced

a70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechange

projections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldlose

over40%ofitshabitatby2070.”可推断，作者用数据表明印度象处境艰难。

7.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句"TheyusetheSpatial

MonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-based

softwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfrom

forests.”可知，SMART是一种软件，是通过收集和报告从森林收集的数据来工作

的。

8.答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"Countriesaroundthe

worldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章是

为了呼吁大家保护印度象。

Passage3

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的

行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。

9.答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第一段“Whydowechoosetohelpone

another?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmay

beaculturalexpectation.”可知，第一段提出了我们可能帮助别人的原因，第二段

“Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderful

ingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.”指出一项

研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人类去帮助别人，这是文章的主题，由此可推知，

第一段的写作目的是引出文章话题，故选B。

10.答案与解析：D词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Indeedthebettersleep

youhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand."可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿

意伸出援手。换言之，良好的睡眠促使人们乐意去帮助别人，由此可推知，画线

单词"alacrity"意为"乐意",故选D。

11.答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Theyfocusedon

donationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.

Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.”和倒数第二段中

"Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheir

clocks.”可推知，用夏时制的人们可能会捐赠较少。故选A。

12.答案与解析：C主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Now,

researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredient

thatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleep

youhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.”可知，文章主要讲述了睡眠与

人们帮助他人的行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。故选Co

Passage4

【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者儿子的七岁生日快到了，作者

打算今年在路边的恐龙主题公园为儿子过生日，因为这会节省很多钱，同时作者

认为由主人给参加聚会的孩子准备的派对包是一种浪费，作者坚决抵制。

13.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butthewholeeventcostus

hundredsofpounds....Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohirea

space一wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.”可知，作者推荐恐龙主题公园的原

因是它可以降低成本，故选C。

14.答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whyshouldabunchof

seven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,

alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?”和第

四段中“Ireckonmysonattends20parti