新疆维吾尔自治区部分名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1新疆维吾尔自治区部分名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分.满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheCoolestTravelAdventuresOurannualBestoftheWorldlistranksthegreattravelexperiences.Here’sourrankedlistofthetoptravelexperiencesrightnow.GalleryhopinSãoPauloSãoPaulo,Brazil’slargestcityholdsnumerousgalleriesandexhibitions.ThecrowningjewelistheMuseudeArtedeSãoPaulo(MASP),whichisexpandingtoshowcasemoreofits11,000-plusartworks,frompre-Renaissancepaintingstocontemporarysculptures.Breakingthetraditionoftheusualmodelofexhibitingworksonwalls,MASPhangssomepiecesagainstclearpanels,allowingvisitorstoviewtheartfromallangles.RideclassicrailsinScotlandExploringScotland’swild,scenicHighlandsdoesn’thavetomeanroughingit.DepartingEdinburghfromAprilthroughOctober,theelegantRoyalScotsmantrainleadstoHighlandsadventuressuchaswildswimming,hiking,anddelicacytasting.Afteradayspenthikingtowaterfallsorplayingroundsofgolf—asporttiedtothenation,guestscanwinddownwithamassage(按摩)attheonboard.DivewithsharksinWesternAustraliaStretchingalmost700milesalongtheIndianOcean,WesternAustralia’sCoralCoastisdecoratedwithnaturalwonders.ButNingalooReefisthestar.Here,youcandivewithgiants:Some300to500whalesharks,oneofthelargestgroupsonEarth,gatheralongthereef(礁)eachyearbetweenMarchandJuly.Decentagenciessecurediversandensuretheygivethesharksspace,avoidfeedingthemorusingflashphotography.Hikeaglacier(冰川)inChileChilehasthethirdlargestcontinentaliceextension,afteronlyAntarcticaandGreenland.InLagunaSanRafaelNationalPark,visitorscanhiketoglaciers.Some17,300glaciersstillcoverthewholeofPatagonia’sicefields,butrisingtemperaturesarerapidlymeltingthem.Climatescientistssaysustainabletourism,suchashikes,supportslocalcommunitiesandinspirestravelerstolearnmoreabouthowtoprotectglaciers.1.WhatisspecialaboutMASP?A.Ithasthemostexhibitsintheworld.B.Itswayofexhibitionisverydifferent.C.Flashphotographyisforbiddenthere.D.Itsexhibitslastalongerperiodoftime.2.WhatmakestheRoyalScotsmantrainjourneyattractive?A.Aneasyaccesstoaprivategolfcourse.B.Astrictno-massagepolicyattheonboard.C.Aroughandchallengingtravelexperience.D.Acombinationofadventureandrelaxation.3.Whatdothelasttwoadventureshaveincommon?A.Theyarelimitedtoaspecificseason.B.Therearesharkgroupsinbothplaces.C.Theybringattentiontoecologicalissues.D.Theyareconcernedwithclimatechanges.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.C【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个探险旅行的好去处。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据GalleryhopinSãoPaulo部分中的“Breakingthetraditionoftheusualmodelofexhibitingworksonwalls,MASPhangssomepiecesagainstclearpanels,allowingvisitorstoviewtheartfromallangles.(MASP打破了通常在墙上展示作品的传统模式，将一些作品挂在透明的面板上，让参观者从各个角度观看艺术。)”可知，MASP打破了在墙壁上展示作品的传统模式，将一些作品悬挂在透明板上，由此可知，它的特殊之处在于它展示作品的模式不同。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据RideclassicrailsinScotland部分中的“DepartingEdinburghfromAprilthroughOctober,theelegantRoyalScotsmantrainleadstoHighlandsadventuressuchaswildswimming,hiking,anddelicacytasting.Afteradayspenthikingtowaterfallsorplayingroundsofgolf—asporttiedtothenation,guestscanwinddownwithamassage(按摩)attheonboard.(从四月到十月离开爱丁堡，优雅的RoyalScotsman火车导致高地冒险，如野生游泳，徒步旅行，和美味的品尝。在一天的瀑布徒步旅行或打高尔夫球（一项与这个国家有关的运动）之后，客人可以在船上享受按摩。)”可知，RoyalScotsman火车旅行中既有高地冒险活动，又有按摩服务，由此可知，使得RoyalScotsman旅行吸引人的地方是结合了探险活动和放松体验。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据DivewithsharksinWesternAustralia部分中的“Decentagenciessecurediversandensuretheygivethesharksspace,avoidfeedingthemorusingflashphotography.(体面的机构会保护潜水员，确保他们给鲨鱼空间，避免给它们喂食或使用闪光灯拍照。)”和HikeaglacierinChile部分中的“Climatescientistssaysustainabletourism,suchashikes,supportslocalcommunitiesandinspirestravelerstolearnmoreabouthowtoprotectglaciers.(气候科学家表示，徒步旅行等可持续旅游可以支持当地社区，并激励旅行者更多地了解如何保护冰川。)”可知，这两个地方通过保护鲨鱼和冰川实现对生态的保护，由此可知，这两处的共同点是都关注生态问题。故选C项。BAdadfromTexasdidn’tmissabeatwhenitcametosupportinghisdaughterrecently.CeceliaSimmonssharedavideoofherhusband,AndreSimmons,dancinginthestandswhiletheirdaughterJazlynandherTempleHighSchoolcheerteamperformed.Inthevideo,asthecheerteammembersraisethesmallballsandgothroughtheirroutine,AndreSimmonsfollowsrightalong,nailingthemovesrightalongsidethem.Thepostsharedonsocialmediahasobtainedover312,000views.Withtensofthousandsofoverwhelminglypositivecommentsonhispost,peopleonlinequicklysharedtheirreactions.TheyrecommendedAndreSimmonsas“CheerDadoftheYear”orapplaudedhisenergyandspot-onmoves.Simmonshimselfwasquicktosayhe’snotthebestdancerandittookhimafewdaystolearntheroutine.“OnceIgotitdownpat,IjustjumpeduptherewhenIheardthebandfinallybringthesongupandIgotupthereanddiditwithher,”hesaid.ButthefatheroffivesaidhepersistedbecausehewantedtocreatealifelongmemorywithhisgirlJazlyn,mostlybecausehewasconstantlyawayforwork,therebyaffordinglimitedopportunitiestobeinthecompanyofher.“Sinceshemadethecheerteam,thatwasmywayofsupportingherandkindofrelievingtheguiltofthelosttime.ShethoughtIwasdoingthingsthatshelovedandsurprisingherwithjoiningherinthecheerduringthefootballgame,”Simmonssaid.SimmonssaidJazlynandhercheerteamfriendsweresurprisedand“absolutelyloved”thathecouldjoininonthefun.Theprouddadsaiditmeant“theworld”tohimtobeabletobethereforhisdaughtertoo.“IlovetotrytobeasuperdadwhenI’mhereandcreatethoselifelongmemoriesandit’ssomethingforustolookbackonandenjoytogether,”hesaidandplannedoncheeringsomemoreandmakingmorememorieswithJazlyn.4.WhatdidAndreSimmonsdoathisdaughter’scheerperformance?A.Hedancedwiththeteam. B.Hefilmedtheperformance.C.Hecoachedthecheerteam. D.Hecheeredfromthestands.5.HowdidpeoplefindAndreSimmons’behavior?A.Amusing. B.Disturbing. C.Odd. D.Admirable.6.WhydidAndreSimmonsmakesuchadecision?A.Towinthetitleof“CheerDadoftheYear”.B.Toshowoffhisnewlylearneddancingskills.C.TobethefocusofattentionontheInternet.D.TomakeupforbeingabsentfromJazlyn’slife.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeAndreSimmons?A.Bearableandcautious. B.Selflessandcooperative.C.Supportiveandcaring. D.Ambitiousandsensitive.〖答案〗4.A5.D6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是AndreSimmons在他女儿Jazlyn和她的高中啦啦队表演时，与她们一起跳舞以此支持女儿并弥补因工作繁忙而错过的陪伴时光，创造了难忘的记忆。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“CeceliaSimmonssharedavideoofherhusband,AndreSimmons,dancinginthestandswhiletheirdaughterJazlynandherTempleHighSchoolcheerteamperformed.

(CeceliaSimmons分享了她丈夫AndreSimmons在看台上跳舞的视频，而他们的女儿Jazlyn和她的Temple高中啦啦队在表演。)”可知，当AndreSimmons的女儿Jazlyn和她所在的啦啦队正在表演时，他在看台上跳舞。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“

Withtensofthousandsofoverwhelminglypositivecommentsonhispost,peopleonlinequicklysharedtheirreactions.TheyrecommendedAndreSimmonsas“CheerDadoftheYear”orapplaudedhisenergyandspot-onmoves.Simmonshimselfwasquicktosayhe’snotthebestdancerandittookhimafewdaystolearntheroutine.(他的帖子得到了数以万计的正面评论，网友们迅速分享了他们的反应。他们推荐AndreSimmons为“年度最佳加油爸爸”，或者称赞他的精力和精准的动作。AndreSimmons自己很快就说他不是最好的舞者，他花了几天时间来学习舞蹈。)”可知，AndreSimmons的视频获得了很多的正面评论，大家推荐AndreSimmons为“年度最佳加油爸爸”，为他的活力和到位动作喝彩。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ButthefatheroffivesaidhepersistedbecausehewantedtocreatealifelongmemorywithhisgirlJazlyn,mostlybecausehewasconstantlyawayforwork,therebyaffordinglimitedopportunitiestobeinthecompanyofher.

(但这位五个孩子的父亲说，他之所以坚持这样做，是因为他想和他的女儿Jazlyn一起创造一个终生的回忆，主要是因为他经常出差，因此很少有机会陪伴她。)”可知，由于工作原因，AndreSimmons很少陪伴自己的女儿，因此想以此方式来支持并弥补她。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，AndreSimmons在他女儿Jazlyn和她的高中啦啦队表演时与她们一起跳舞以此支持女儿并弥补因工作繁忙而错过的陪伴时光，创造了难忘的记忆。由此可知，AndreSimmons是一位给予女儿支持与关爱的父亲。C选项“Supportiveandcaring.(支持和关心。)”能够最好的概括该位父亲。故选C。CInpresent-dayRomania,adecreasingnumberofcraftsmenpracticewhat’sthoughttobeacenturies-oldcraft.Theysearchtheforestforafungus(真菌),whichgrowswithintreesandsendsoutshelf-likemushroomsafewincheswide.Thefungusisshavedlengthwiseintothinstrips.Thosestripsarethenstretchedtoformbroadsheets,whichcanbecraftedintohats,bags,jewelry,andornaments.Asfarbackas1903,TlingitcraftsmeninwhatisnowthestateofAlaskawererecordedcraftingpursesoutofamaterialfromagarikonfungus.However,thecraftsmen’sprocessintheearlytimeswasaboutsearchingformaterials,notcultivatingthemformassproduction.Today,thebiotechnologycompanyMycoWorksintheUSispioneeringincultivatingmycelium(菌丝).Myceliumisastructuralwonder—soft,dense,andstrong,makingitagreatpotentialreplacementforleather.Theoperationstartswithagriculturalwaste,likesawdust(锯末),whichisheatedtoremoveexistingmicrobiallife.Oncedone,itgoesintodeepplatesofvaryingsizes.Thenfungusjoinstheparty,digestingandgrowing.Insomecases,fabriccanbeaddedforthemyceliumtoweavearound.Thesheetofmyceliumiseventuallypeeledoffthewoodblocks,andgrowthcomestoanend.Itcanbeeasilymistakenfortraditionalleather.MycoWorksisoneofawaveofinnovators,allofwhomassumethatabetterunderstandingofmyceliumcanredefinethelimitsoffashionanddesign.Inrecentyears,MycoWorks’productshavebeenusedindesignerbagsandpillows.CEOMattScullinpraisesmyceliumasamaterialinfashion,“Ithasabitofasofttouch,andithasabounce.Itcanabsorbtheoilsandheatfromyourfingerswhenyoutouchit.”“Theearlyeffortsappeartobemoremoral,andimproveeco-footprint.Productsmadefromsuchmaterialarefullybiodegradable—allowingforafutureinwhichdealingwithanoldpairofshoesmightmeansimplycomposting(堆肥)them,”headded.8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthefirstparagraph?A.Tostressthehistoryofgrowingmushrooms.B.Tointroduceafashioninspiredbymushrooms.C.Toshowancientmushroomgrowingtechniques.D.Topresentthenoveluseofmushroomsinfashion.9.Whatdoesparagraph3focusonaboutmycelium?A.Itsgrowingprocess. B.Itshighquality.C.Itsshortcomings. D.Itsworkinglife.10.WhatdoesMattScullinthinkofmyceliumasamaterialinthefield?A.Itisstraightforwardtogrow. B.Itoffersaroughfeel.C.Itpromotessustainability. D.Itisoil-and-heatresistant.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FungusCrafts:AnEndangeredHeritage.B.Mycelium:TheGreenLeatherAlternative.C.CraftingwithNature:Romania’sFungalTradition.D.Mycelium’sRole:FromAncientCrafttoModernInnovation.〖答案〗8.D9.A10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一种用菌类制作的皮革材料用于时尚业的新技术。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据首段中的“Thosestripsarethenstretchedtoformbroadsheets,whichcanbecraftedintohats,bags,jewelry,andornaments.Asfarbackas1903,TlingitcraftsmeninwhatisnowthestateofAlaskawererecordedcraftingpursesoutofamaterialfromagarikonfungus.(然后这些条被拉伸成宽片，可以制作成帽子、包、珠宝和装饰品。早在1903年，在现在的阿拉斯加州，有记载称特林吉特工匠用一种来自蘑菇的材料制作钱包。)”可知，罗马尼亚人和特林吉特工匠用菌类作为皮革材料制作包，由此可知，第一段的目的是展示蘑菇在时尚中的新用途。故选D项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Theoperationstartswithagriculturalwaste,likesawdust(锯末),whichisheatedtoremoveexistingmicrobiallife.Oncedone,itgoesintodeepplatesofvaryingsizes.Thenfungusjoinstheparty,digestingandgrowing.Insomecases,fabriccanbeaddedforthemyceliumtoweavearound.Thesheetofmyceliumiseventuallypeeledoffthewoodblocks,andgrowthcomestoanend.(该操作从农业废物开始，如锯末，加热以去除现有的微生物生命。一旦完成，它就会被放入不同大小的深盘子中。然后真菌加入进来，消化和生长。在某些情况下，可以添加织物使菌丝体在周围编织。菌丝体最终从木块上脱落，生长结束。)”可知，此处介绍的是菌丝培养是从加热农业废物开始，完成后放入深盘子中，真菌消化生长，也可以添加织物使菌丝在其周围编织，最后从木块脱落，生长结束，由此可知，第二段主要关注的是从开始加热锯末到最终长成的过程。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“CEOMattScullinpraisesmyceliumasamaterialinfashion,“Ithasabitofasofttouch,andithasabounce.Itcanabsorbtheoilsandheatfromyourfingerswhenyoutouchit.”“Theearlyeffortsappeartobemoremoral,andimproveeco-footprint.Productsmadefromsuchmaterialarefullybiodegradable—allowingforafutureinwhichdealingwithanoldpairofshoesmightmeansimplycomposting(堆肥)them,”headded.(首席执行官马特·斯卡林称赞菌丝体是一种时尚材料，“它有一点柔软的触感，它有弹性。当你触摸它时，它可以吸收手指上的油和热量。“早期的努力似乎更符合道德，并改善了生态足迹。”由这种材料制成的产品是完全可生物降解的，未来处理一双旧鞋可能意味着简单的堆肥”他补充道。)”可知，首席执行官马特·斯卡林称赞菌丝体是一种时尚材料，他认为这种材料制成的产品是完全可以生物降解的，由此可知，马特·斯卡林认为菌丝体作为该领域的一种材料促进可持续性。故选C项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据首段介绍的罗马尼亚人和特林吉特工匠用菌类作为皮革材料制作包引出本文的话题——菌类在时尚中的新用途，结合第二段中的“Today,thebiotechnologycompanyMycoWorksintheUSispioneeringincultivatingmycelium(菌丝).Myceliumisastructuralwonder—soft,dense,andstrong,makingitagreatpotentialreplacementforleather.(今天，美国的生物技术公司MycoWorks是培养菌丝体的先驱。菌丝体是一种结构奇迹——柔软、致密、坚固，使其成为皮革的潜在替代品。)”以及下文中介绍的菌丝的培养过程和马特·斯卡林对菌丝体作为时尚界的一种材料的看法可知，本文主要介绍的是菌丝体可以成为皮革的替代品，所以标题“菌丝体：绿色皮革的替代品”与本文的主题吻合，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。DWhenyouheartheword“uncertainty”,howdoyoufeel?Scared,anxious,excitedorchallenged?Withmanyglobalchallengesstillongoing,wearelikelytofaceevenmoreoftheunknown,sowehadbettergetaccustomedtomanagingit.Sohowdowedetectuncertaintyandwhichpartofthebrainisresponsibleforit?Researchershavefoundthatnoradrenaline(去甲肾上腺素)isthekeychemicalinvolvedinourresponsetouncertainty.Toinvestigatetherolenoradrenalineplayswhenwearefacedwithuncertainevents,scientistsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyconductedanexperimentwithmice.Theanimalsweretrainedtopushalever(杠杆)downwhentheyheardahighfrequencynoise.Iftheydidthis,theywererewardedwithadrinkofwater.Theywerealsotrainedtolearnthatthey’dreceiveanunpleasantpuffofairiftheleverwasactivatedwhenalowfrequencynoisewasplayed.Buttheresearchersaddedinanelementofuncertaintybyincludingasoundwherethefrequencywasunclear.Fromthisexperiment,theresearchersdiscoveredthatasmallpartinthebraincalledthelocuscoeruleus—anareathatmodulatesnoradrenaline—wasessentialindetectinguncertainty.Whenthehighfrequencywasclearandtherewardwasexpectedforthemice,theirnoradrenalinereleasewassmall.Butwhentheoutcomewasn’tclear,andtherewardwasasurprise,thereleasewasmuchlarger.Thiswashowthemice’sbrainslearnedtodealwithuncertainty.Astudywithhumanswasalsocarriedout.Theydiscoveredthatthesubjects’neurons(神经元)intheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质)respondmuchmoretolossthantogain.Namely,thisarearulesouravoidancebehaviourwhenweareunderstress.Thishelpsusunderstandourunwillingnesstoexposeourselvestouncertainty.Onceweunderstandthatourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestouncertaintyareanecessarypartofthehumanexperience.Acknowledgeinsteadoffearthem,perhapsmakingbigdecisionscanseemlessstressful.12.Whatistheuncertaintyintheexperimentwithmice?A.Thehighfrequencynoise. B.Adrinkofwaterasareward.C.Theactiontopushaleverdown. D.Thenoisewithunclearfrequency.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modulates”inparagraph4mean?A.Removes. B.Adjusts. C.Lessens. D.Boosts.14.Howdoestheprefrontalcortexinfluenceourchoiceswhenwe’restressed?A.Byseekingrewardingoutcome. B.Bymaintainingbalance.C.Byavoidingnegativeoutcome. D.Byreducinguncertainty.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthetext?A.Responsestouncertaintycomenaturally.B.Uncertaintygivesbirthtopotentialrisks.C.Experimentscanpredictexpectedoutcomes.D.Noradrenalinetendstoresultfromuncertainty.〖答案〗12.D13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人面临不确定时会变得紧张焦虑的生理过程和有关检测不确定性的研究。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Buttheresearchersaddedinanelementofuncertaintybyincludingasoundwherethefrequencywasunclear.(但研究人员通过在频率不清楚的地方加入声音，增加了不确定性。)”可知，老鼠实验中的不确定性是频率不明确的声音。故选D。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Whenthehighfrequencywasclearandtherewardwasexpectedforthemice,theirnoradrenalinereleasewassmall.Butwhentheoutcomewasn’tclear,andtherewardwasasurprise,thereleasewasmuchlarger.Thiswashowthemice’sbrainslearnedtodealwithuncertainty.(当高频信号清晰时，老鼠的去甲肾上腺素释放量很小。但当结果不明确，奖励是一个惊喜时，释放量要大得多。这就是老鼠大脑学会处理不确定性的方式。)”可知，高频噪音出现，小鼠预期会得到奖励时，它们释放很少去甲肾上腺素。但当结果不明确，奖励是一个惊喜时，它们释放大量去甲肾上腺素。所以locuscoeruleus在不断调节去甲肾上腺素。故划线词与B选项“Adjusts(调节)”为同义词。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theydiscoveredthatthesubjects’neurons(神经元)intheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质)respondmuchmoretolossthantogain.Namely,thisarearulesouravoidancebehaviourwhenweareunderstress.Thishelpsusunderstandourunwillingnesstoexposeourselvestouncertainty.(他们发现，受试者前额叶皮层的神经元对损失的反应要比对获得的反应强烈得多。也就是说，当我们处于压力之下时，这个区域控制着我们的逃避行为。这有助于我们理解我们不愿意将自己暴露在不确定性中。)”可知，前额皮质中的神经元对失败的反应远远大于对回报的反应，这个区域支配着人在压力下的回避行为，即当我们感到压力时，前额皮质会通过避免负面结果影响我们的选择。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Onceweunderstandthatourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestouncertaintyareanecessarypartofthehumanexperience.Acknowledgeinsteadoffearthem,perhapsmakingbigdecisionscanseemlessstressful.(一旦我们明白我们对不确定性的认知和情感反应是人类经历的必要组成部分。承认它们而不是害怕它们，也许做出重大决定会显得不那么有压力。)”可知，文章告诉我们：当面对不确定时，人的一系列反应都是身体自然的反应过程。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoImproveYourSocialLife?Beingsocialcanhelpyoubuildmeaningfulconnections,comeoutofyourshell,andfeellessisolated.Ifyouwanttoknowhowtobesocial,seethefollowingstepstobeonyourway.Befullyengaged.Ifyouwanttoseeminterestingtoothers,youwillhavetoshowinterestinthem.Whenyouaretalkingtosomebody,listentowhattheyaresayingratherthanworryingaboutwhatyoushouldbesaying.___16___Avoidconstantlycheckingyourphoneorlookingaroundwhileyouareinthemiddleofaconversation.Thesetypesofthingscomeacrossasrude.Watchyourgestures.Howyoupositionyourbodysendsamessagetootherpeople.Ifyouwanttobeapproachedbyothers,youshouldavoidstandinginthecorner,crossingyourarms,staringatyourphone,andfrowning.Makingeyecontactwithothersshowsthemthatyouarefriendly,open,andnon-intimidating.___17___Embraceopportunitiestomeetnewpeople.Thismeansyouwillhavetogetoutofyourcomfortzonetointeractwithothers.___18___Taketripstonewplacesandstrikeupcasualconversationswiththoseyoumeet.Youneverknowwhenastrangercanturnintoyournewbestfriend,businesspartner,orloveinterest!___19___Ifyouareconstantlywaitingaroundforpeopletocallyouorinviteyou,thenyouarewastingyourlife.___20___Ifyouwanttoshowpeoplethatyouvaluetheirfriendships,youwillhavetoreachouttothem.Keepintouchwithfriends,evenifyoudon’tliveinthesametown.Pickupthephoneandcallthem,sendthematext,ore-mailthemaskinghowthey’vebeen.A.Initiateinteractions.B.Fitinwiththeoccasion.C.Acceptinvitationstopartiesandsocialgatherings.D.You’llbemorelikelytostiruppositiveinteractions.E.Plus,everybodylooksmoreattractivewhentheysmile.F.Relationshipsarebuiltuponjointeffortsofbothinvolved.G.Makeeyecontact,nodyourhead,andaskthemfollow-upquestions.〖答案〗16.G17.E18.C19.A20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是四个提高社交能力的方法。【16题详析】根据本段的主题句“Befullyengaged.(全身心投入。)”可知，本段建议社交是要全身心投入，根据空前的“Whenyouaretalkingtosomebody,listentowhattheyaresayingratherthanworryingaboutwhatyoushouldbesaying.(当你和别人说话时，倾听他们在说什么，而不是担心你应该说什么。)”可知，在别人说话时应该倾听别人在说什么，由此可推测，此空讲述的应与倾听的时候怎么做相关，G选项“Makeeyecontact,nodyourhead,andaskthemfollow-upquestions.(眼神交流，点头，并问他们后续问题。)”讲述的是在别人说话时如何做，承接了空前的内容，且与本段的主题“全身心投入”的要求吻合。故选G项。【17题详析】根据空前的“Makingeyecontactwithothersshowsthemthatyouarefriendly,open,andnon-intimidating.(与他人进行眼神交流会让他们觉得你友好、开放、不吓人。)”可知，此处介绍了社交活动时恰当使用眼神交流，E选项“Plus,everybodylooksmoreattractivewhentheysmile.(另外，每个人微笑的时候看起来都更有吸引力。)”讲述的是微笑时人们看起来更有吸引力，与空前的“Makingeyecontact”呼应，且对上文内容的补充，符合语境。故选E项。【18题详析】根据本段的主题句“Embraceopportunitiestomeetnewpeople.(欣然接受结识新朋友的机会。)”可知，本段建议抓住结识新朋友的机会，C选项“Acceptinvitationstopartiesandsocialgatherings.(接受派对和社交聚会的邀请。)”中的“partiesandsocialgatherings”都是结识新朋友的场合，符合本段主题，且与空后的“Taketripstonewplacesandstrikeupcasualconversationswiththoseyoumeet.(去新的地方旅行，和你遇到的人随便聊聊。)”内容呼应，均有助于认识新朋友。故选C项。【19题详析】分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此处应为祈使句，根据空后的“Ifyouareconstantlywaitingaroundforpeopletocallyouorinviteyou,thenyouarewastingyourlife.(如果你总是等着别人给你打电话或邀请你，那你就是在浪费你的生命。)”以及下文中的“Ifyouwanttoshowpeoplethatyouvaluetheirfriendships,youwillhavetoreachouttothem.(如果你想向人们表明你重视他们的友谊，你就必须主动接触他们。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是主动去联系别人，而不是等着别人来接触你，A选项“Initiateinteractions.(主动发起互动)”为祈使句，讲述的内容与本段内容一致，且概括了本段的主题。故选A项。【20题详析】根据空前的“Ifyouareconstantlywaitingaroundforpeopletocallyouorinviteyou,thenyouarewastingyourlife.(如果你总是等着别人给你打电话或邀请你，那你就是在浪费你的生命。)”可知，等着别人主动联系你，那是在浪费生命，F选项“Relationshipsarebuiltuponjointeffortsofbothinvolved.(关系建立在双方共同努力的基础上。)”讲述的内容是对空前内容做出的解释，而且空后“Ifyouwanttoshowpeoplethatyouvaluetheirfriendships,youwillhavetoreachouttothem.(如果你想向人们表明你重视他们的友谊，你就必须主动接触他们。)”讲述的内容是对F选项讲述的内容提出了具体的做法，符合语境。故选F项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwastoretirethreemonthslater.MywifeSoniaandIhadplannedtogoforathree-weektriptoCanada.Thenoneday,Sonianoticedfluttering(颤动)inmyshoulders,butIdidn’tgiveitmuch___21___.Amonthlater,however,myhandsstartedbecoming___22___.Aroundthattime,IwaswatchingTheSplit.Therewasa___23___aboutadoctordiagnosed(诊断)withmotorneuronedisease(MND)—arareconditionthataffectsthebrainandnerves,forwhichthereisnocure.Ihad___24___symptoms(症状)anditgotmethinking.ThenImetwitha___25___andthetestresultstookaweektobe___26___.ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,IreceivedthediagnosisI’dbeen___27___—MND.SoniaandIweresupposedtobegoingtotakeourholidayinfivedays!Wewereso___28___andconsideredquitting,butafriendconvincedus,“Ifyoudon’tgo,you’llregretit.”___29___,wesetoffontheadventureasscheduled.Fortheinitialdays,weweren’tinthemoodforfun,aswewerestill____30____bymydiagnosis.Butquicklywerealizedwewouldn’tletMND____31____oureveryday.Thenwemadea(n)____32____:Everydaywe’dallowourselvesonly10minutestotalkaboutmyillnessandcryifwewanted.Afterthat,we’dfocusonhavingfun.Thesedays,my____33____islimited.Inspiteofthecase,we’redelightedtohavegoneonourCanadianadventure,whichwas____34____withspecialmoments.Wedon’tknowwhatthefutureholds,butthememorywill____35____.21.A.shot B.thought C.push D.sense22.A.frozen B.flexible C.awkward D.artificial23.A.plot B.title C.view D.faith24.A.severe B.former C.rare D.similar25.A.dentist B.consultant C.psychologist D.composer26.A.shocking B.correct C.available D.approving27.A.fearing B.refreshing C.expecting D.fighting28.A.decent B.expert C.regretful D.emotional29.A.Luckily B.Ultimately C.Annually D.Previously30.A.inspired B.warned C.upset D.delayed31.A.takeover B.reflecton C.makeup D.figureout32.A.fortune B.difference C.error D.rule33.A.budget B.mobility C.nutrition D.freedom34.A.armed B.engaged C.packed D.charged35.A.remain B.fade C.recover D.repeat〖答案〗21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者在退休前夕被诊断出患有运动神经元病，尽管如此，作者和妻子仍坚持去加拿大旅行，决定不让病情影响他们的旅程。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，索尼娅注意到我的肩膀在抖动，但我没有多想。A.shot射击；B.thought思想；C.push动力；D.sense感觉。根据上文中的“Thenoneday,Sonianoticedfluttering(颤动)inmyshoulders”可知，Sonia注意到作者的肩膀抖动，结合but可知，此处指的是作者对这件事没有给予太多的“想法”，也就是没有想太多，符合语境。故选B项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个月后，我的手开始变得笨拙起来。A.frozen冻僵的；B.flexible灵活的；C.awkward笨拙的；D.artificial人造的。根据上文中的“”Sonianoticedfluttering(颤动)inmyshoulders”可知，作者的肩膀在抖动，一个月后，病情应是加重，所以此处指的是手开始变得“笨拙”符合语境。故选C项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一个关于一个医生被诊断出患有运动神经元疾病的情节，这是一种影响大脑和神经的罕见疾病，无法治愈。A.plot情节；B.title标题；C.view观点；D.faith信任。根据上文中的“Aroundthattime,IwaswatchingTheSplit.”可知，作者在看《分裂》，结合下文中的“aboutadoctordiagnosed(诊断)withmotorneuronedisease(MND)”可知，一位医生被诊断患有运动神经元疾病，由此可知，此处指的是作者所看剧目中的一个“情节”符合语境。故选A项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也有相似的症状，这让我开始思考。A.severe严重的；B.former以前的；C.rare稀有的；D.similar相似的。根据上文中的“Thenoneday,Sonianoticedfluttering(颤动)inmyshoulders,butIdidn’tgiveitmuch______.Amonthlater,however,myhandsstartedbecoming______.”可知，作者的肩膀抖动，一个月后，手开始变得笨拙，结合下文中的“itgotmethinking.”可知，这让作者开始思考，由此可推断，此处指的是作者有着“相似的”症状。故选D项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我去见了一位会诊医师，测试结果花了一个星期才出来。A.dentist牙医；B.consultant会诊医师；C.psychologist心里学家；D.composer作曲家。根据下文中的“ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,Ireceivedthediagnosis”可知，作者在退休后的第二天收到了诊断结果，由此可知，此处指的是去见一位“会诊医师”符合语境。故选B项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我去见了一位会诊医生，测试结果花了一个星期才可以获得。A.shocking令人震惊的；B.correct正确的；C.available可获得的；D.approving赞成的。根据上文中的“ThenImetwitha______andthetestresultstookaweek”可知，作者去见一位会诊医生，结合下文中的“ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,Ireceivedthediagnosis”可知，作者退休后的第二天收到诊断结果，由此可知，此处指的是要一个星期才能“获得”结果。故选C项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我退休后的第二天，我收到了我一直担心的诊断——运动神经元疾病。A.fearing担心；B.refreshing振奋；C.expecting期望；D.fighting战斗。根据上文中的“Therewasa______aboutadoctordiagnosed(诊断)withmotorneuronedisease(MND)—arareconditionthataffectsthebrainandnerves,forwhichthereisnocure.”可知，MND是一种影响大脑和神经的罕见疾病，无法治愈，结合下文中的MND可知，此处指的是作者一直“担心”的诊断结果。故选A项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们当时情绪激动，想要放弃，但一位朋友说服了我们：“如果你不去，你会后悔的。”A.decent体面的；B.expert擅长的；C.regretful后悔的；D.emotional情绪激动的。根据上文中的“ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,IreceivedthediagnosisI’dbeen_____—MND.”可知，作者最终被诊断患有一直让他担心的疾病——运动神经元疾病，由此可知，作者知道结果后应该是“情绪激动的”符合语境。故选D项。【29题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们按计划出发了。A.Luckily幸运地；B.Ultimately最终；C.Annually每年的；D.Previously以前地。根据上文中的“Wewereso______andconsideredquitting,butafriendconvincedus,“Ifyoudon’tgo,you’llregretit.””可知，作者他们打算放弃旅行，但是朋友劝说他们不要放弃，结合下文中的“wesetoffontheadventureasscheduled.”可知，作者他们还是按计划出发了，由此可知，此处应为“最终”符合语境。故选B项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最初的几天里，我们没有心情玩，因为我们仍然对我的诊断感到不安。A.inspired激励；B.warned警告；C.upset使不安；D.delayed耽误。根据上文中的“Fortheinitialdays,weweren’tinthemoodforfun”可知，最初几天作者他们没有心情玩，结合下文中的“bymydiagnosis.”可知，此处指的是诊断使得作者他们“不安”，符合语境。故选C项。【31题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但很快我们就意识到，我们不能让运动神经元疾病取代我们的每一天。A.takeover取代，接管；B.reflecton反思；C.makeup构成，化妆；D.figureout弄清楚。根据上文中的“Forthe