广东省云浮市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省云浮市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhenyou’retravellingtoanewplace,oftenoneofthemainthingsyou’relookingforisareallybrilliantmuseumorgallery.Herearesomemuseumsworthvisiting.EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum,Xi’anCanyouimaginehowunbelievableitmusthavefelttouncovertheterracottawarriorsforthefirsttime?No,ofcourseyoucan’t,butwe’reguessingitmusthavefeltprettygood.ThepeoplewhofounditwerefarmersinXi’anin1974.GatheredaroundthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,the8,000warriorsandtheirhorsesareagrandsight.StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburgItissaidthatifyoulookateveryobjectintheStateHermitageMuseumforoneminuteeach,itwouldtake11yearstoseeeverything.That’squiteforsure.Butit’scertainlythatyoujusthangarounditsgalleriesforadayortwo.Highlightsincludeanover200-year-oldclockdecoratedwithmechanicalgoldenpeacocks,butmakesuretotakeplentyofpicturesofthebuilding’souterwalltoo(Itlooksbestonfreshwintermornings).Rijksmuseum,AmsterdamWithits40Rembrandts(Dutchpainter)andfourVermeers(Dutchpainter),theRijksmuseumisunmissableifyou’repartialtoasullen(沉闷的)seventeenth-centuryscene.Themuseuminfacthousesmorethanamillionworksofart,andbynomeansaretheselimitedtojustpaintings.Ifyou’revisitingwithkids,huntdownthedollhousecollectionsandreviewDutchlifeinminiature—rightdowntothetinyplatessetfordinner.TateModern,LondonTheTatehasfourgalleriesintheUK:TateLiverpool,TateStIves,TateBritain,andTateModern.It’sthelatterthat’sreallyworld-class,though.HousedinaformerpowerstationonLondon’sBankside,thecavernous(像洞穴的)gallerieshouseavastlastingcollectionandamazingexhibitionsthatpullinthecrowds.1.Whatisspecialaboutthefirstmuseum?A.Itisthelargestofthefour.B.Itwasbuiltbasedonatomb.C.Itoffersanexplorationexperience.D.Itwasfoundbynon-professionals.2.Whatdoesthewritermeanbymentioning11yearsinparagraph3?A.Themuseumhasalonghistory.B.Themuseumcoversalargearea.C.Themuseumhasalargecollection.D.Themuseumhasquantitiesofvisitors.3.Whichofthefollowingprovidesspecialattractionsforkids?A.EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum.B.StateHermitageMuseum.C.Rijksmuseum.D.TateModern.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.C【语篇解读】本文的体裁是应用文。这篇文章介绍了四个值得一游的博物馆的情况。【1题详析】推理判断题。由文章EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum,Xi’an部分中“GatheredaroundthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,the8,000warriorsandtheirhorsesareagrandsight.(8000名武士和他们的战马聚集在中国第一位皇帝的陵墓周围，是一幅壮观的景象。)”可知，第一座博物馆是在一座坟墓的基础上建造的。故选B。【2题详析】推理判断题。由文章StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg部分中“ItissaidthatifyoulookateveryobjectintheStateHermitageMuseumforoneminuteeach,itwouldtake11yearstoseeeverything.(据说，如果你看国家冬宫博物馆的每件展品，每件一分钟，需要11年的时间才能看完。)”可知，作者在提到11年是在说明该博物馆收藏了大量的藏品。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。由文章Rijksmuseum,Amsterdam部分中“Ifyou’revisitingwithkids,huntdownthedollhousecollectionsandreviewDutchlifeinminiature—rightdowntothetinyplatessetfordinner.(如果你是带着孩子来的，那就去寻找玩具屋的收藏品，用微缩的方式回顾一下荷兰人的生活——就连晚餐用的小盘子都有。)”可知，Rijksmuseum对孩子们有特别的吸引力。故选C。BThevastmajorityofSpain’strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.PeoplevisitingtheWestEuropeancountrycannowwhizz(飞速行驶)acrossitintherelativeluxuryofoneofitstrainsforzerocost.Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.UnderSpain’snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets.“I’dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI’mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,”aseniorofficialsaid.“Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit’sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.”Thecountry’sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprogram?A.Itisofbenefittotheenvironment.B.Peoplestillhavedoubtaboutit.C.ThetrainsinSpainarecompletelyfreenow.D.SpainistheonlycountryinEuropetocuttransportcosts.5.Whatisthemainpurposeofintroducingtheprogram?A.Tolowerfuelprices. B.Torelievethestressofairlinebusiness.C.TopromotetourismandbenefitpeopleofSpain. D.Toshowthegovernment’sconcernforthepublic.6.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheUKgovernment’spractice?A.Negative. B.Admiring. C.Inattentive. D.Praiseworthy.7.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thepopularityoftheclimateticket.B.Theeconomicbenefitsoftheprogram.C.Theprogram’sgreatbenefitstohealth.D.Thepracticesonpublictransportinsomecountries.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.A7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了西班牙推出的一项新政策，即年内大部分火车乘坐将免费，旨在为民众提供应对生活成本危机的帮助，同时也有助于环保和减少通勤成本。文章还提及了德国和奥地利在公共交通票价上的类似减免措施，并指出英国政府尚未推出鼓励使用火车的计划。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“ThevastmajorityofSpain’strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.(根据一项新计划，到今年年底，西班牙绝大多数火车都将免费)”和“Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.(乘火车比乘飞机旅行对环境更有好处，坐在火车上，看着乡村的景色掠过，是了解一个国家的最佳方式)”可推知，这个计划对环境是有好处的。故选A项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“UnderSpain’snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.

Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets.(根据西班牙的新计划，所有的中短途火车都是免费的——只要你买对了票——这为你提供了游览加泰罗尼亚、安达卢西亚和巴斯克地区的绝佳机会。如果购买多次旅行的车票，游客可以利用折扣，这些折扣是为了帮助人们应对生活成本危机而推出的)”可知，该计划可以促进旅游业发展；根据段中““I’dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI’mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,”aseniorofficialsaid.“Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit’sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.”Thecountry’sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.(一位高级官员表示：“我希望西班牙人民知道，我完全了解大多数人每天面临的困难。我知道工资越来越少，而且很难撑到月底。”该国交通运输部表示，在燃油价格持续大幅上涨的情况下，这项措施将帮助人们安全上班)”可知，该计划还可以让西班牙普通民众受益。由此推知，这一计划的目的是促进旅游业发展，造福西班牙人民。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.

Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.(尽管气候危机的严重性以及汽油和柴油汽车造成的损害，但英国政府尚未宣布任何鼓励使用火车的计划。相反，政府在3月份将燃油税下调了5%，为期12个月，鼓励更多的人开车)”可知，作者认为英国政府未能像西班牙、德国和奥地利一样降低公共交通价格，而且英国政府鼓励更多的人开车也与应对气候危机背道而驰。由此推知，作者对英国政府的做法持否定态度。故选A项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。最后一段“SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.(西班牙加入了德国的行列，开始降低公共交通价格，德国推出了一张9欧元的车票，从6月到8月底可以坐一个月的车。奥地利已经开始提供气候票，人们只需花3欧元就能完成旅程。去年该彩票首次推出时，其受欢迎程度几乎导致其网站崩溃。尽管气候危机严重，汽油和柴油汽车造成的破坏也很严重，但英国政府尚未宣布任何鼓励使用火车的计划。相反，政府在3月份将燃油税下调了5%，为期12个月，鼓励更多的人开车)”可知，本段主要介绍了其他国家在公共交通方面的做法，如德国降低了公共交通的价格，奥地利开始提供气候票，而英国政府却没有宣布任何鼓励使用火车的计划。由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了一些国家在公共交通方面的做法。故选D项。CAfterageandgenetics(传性),beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默病),expertssay,“TwooutofeverythreebrainsaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdiseasearewomen'sbrains,"saidDr.RichardIsaacson,directoroftheAlzheimer'sPreventionClinicintheCenterforBrainHealthatFloridaAtlanticUniversity’sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now,anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk,Personalizedlifestyleinterventions(干預)-suchasdiet,exercise,stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer’sriskfactorsinbothsexes,buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen.“OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovascular(心血管的)disease,”saidIsaacson,whocoauthoredthepaper.“Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise,improvedsleepanddiet,andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.Thisstudyclearlystressestheneedforadditionallargerstudiestobeabletobetterpredictthebaselinecognitivetrailinagingfemalesversusmales,”saidRudolphTanzi,aprofessorofneurologyatHarvardMedicalSchool,“Asweaimtofindwaystoblockoutthisdiseaseintheearlystage,wewillneedtoknowifpreventionandtreatmentstrategieswillworkequallyonbothmenandwomen.Thisnewstudyclearlybringsusabigstepclosertothatgoal,”Tanziadded.Findingthatwomenwereabletoreducetheirriskevenmorethanmeniswelcomenews,asitprovidesapromisingareaforfuturestudyandgiveshopethatwomencantipthebattleagainstAlzheimer'sintheirfavor.“Bytreatingpeopleinanevidencebasedyetsafeway,usingvariouslifestylesandmedicalinterventions,we'veshownthatyoucanreallymakeanimpactonbrainhealth,”hesaid.8.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1?A.AgeandgeneticshavenoimpactonAlzheimer’s.B.Alzheimer’shasnothingtodowithsexdifference.C.WomenaremorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer’sthanmen.D.BeingawomandecreasesthechanceofdevelopingAlzheimer’s.9.WhatisIsaacson’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A.Indifferent. B.Opposed. C.Ignorant. D.Positive.10.WhatcanaffectbrainhealthaccordingtoTanzi?A.Lifestylechanges. B.Highereducation.C.livingenvironment D.Personalexperience.11.Whereisthetextlikelyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Amagazine. C.Abrochure. D.Atravelguide.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.A11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了研究发现女性比男性更容易患阿尔茨海默病并指出个性化的生活方式干预能够降低男女患阿尔茨海默病的风险因素。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Afterageandgenetics,beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(在年龄和基因之后，女性是患阿尔茨海默病的唯一最重要的风险因素。)”可知，女性的性别因素对于患阿尔茨海默病的影响排在年龄和基因之后，由此可知，女性比男性更容易患阿尔茨海默病。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段的““OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovasculardisease,”saidIsaacson,whocoauthoredthepaper.(该论文的合著者艾萨克森说：“与男性相比，我们量身定制的干预措施在阿尔茨海默氏症和心血管疾病的风险等级上取得了更大的改善。”)

”可知，艾萨克森对这项新研究的态度是积极的。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise,improvedsleepanddiet,andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.

(生活方式的改变，比如增加锻炼、改善睡眠和饮食、减轻压力，都会影响大脑健康。)”可知，根据Tanzi的说法，改变生活方式会影响大脑健康。故选A。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Afterageandgenetics,beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(在年龄和基因之后，女性是患阿尔茨海默病的唯一最重要的风险因素。)”和第二段的“University’sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now,anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk,Personalizedlifestyleinterventions-suchasdiet,exercise,stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer'sriskfactorsinbothsexes,buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen.(施密特大学医学院。现在，一项新的研究给女性带来了好消息，个性化的生活方式干预——比如饮食、锻炼、减轻压力和睡眠卫生——能够降低男女患阿尔茨海默病的风险因素，但对女性效果更好。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现女性比男性更容易患阿尔茨海默病并指出个性化的生活方式干预能够降低男女患阿尔茨海默病的风险因素，因此文章出自医学类的杂志。故选B。DAnewstudyfindsthatbirdspecieswithextremeoruncommoncombinationsoftraits(特征)facethehighestriskofextinction.ThestudyledbyresearchersatImperialCollegeLondonfindsthatthemostuniquebirdsontheplanetarealsothemostthreatened.Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.Thestudyanalyzedtheextinctionriskandphysicaltraits,suchasbeakshapeandwinglength,of99%ofalllivingbirdspecies,makingitthemostgeneralstudyofitskindtodate.Theresearchersfoundthatinsimulatedscenarios(模拟场景)inwhichallthreatenedandnear-threatenedbirdspeciesbecameextinct,therewouldbeasignificantlygreaterreductioninthephysicaldiversityamongbirdsthaninscenarioswhereextinctionswererandom(随机的).JaromeAli,aPhDcandidateatPrincetonUniversitywhocompletedtheresearchatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Ourstudyshowsthatextinctionswillmostlikelyprunealargepercentageofuniquespeciesfromthebirdfamilytree.Losingtheseuniquespecieswillmeanalossofthespecializedrolesthattheyplayinecosystems.Ifwedonottakeactiontoprotectthreatenedspeciesandpreventextinctions,thefunctioningofecosystemswillbethrownintodisorder.”Inthestudy,theauthorsusedadatasetofmeasurementscollectedfromlivingbirdsandmuseumspecimens,totalling9,943birdspecies.AlthoughthedatasetusedinthestudywasabletoshowthatthemostuniquebirdswerealsoclassifiedasthreatenedontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,itwasunabletoshowwhatlinksuniquenessinbirdstoextinctionrisk.JaromeAlisaid,“Onepossibilityisthathighlyspecializedorganismsarelessabletoadapttoachangingenvironment,inwhichcasehumanimpactsmaydirectlythreatenspecieswiththemostunusualecologicalroles.Moreresearchisneededtodivedeeperintotheconnectionbetweenuniquetraitsandextinctionrisk.”12.Accordingtoresearchers,whatmaythelossofuniquebirdsleadto?A.Thereductionofcertainresearch.B.Thedamagetoecosystemfunction,C.Thedevelopmentofecologicaltourism.D.Thebetterlivingenvironmentofhumanrace.13.Whatmaytheunderlinedword“prune”meaninparagraph3?A.Cutout. B.Pickup. C.Getin. D.Addto.14.Whatdoresearchersneedtoexploreinthefuture?A.Human’simpactsonuniquebirds.B.Thepartsuniquetraitsplayinbirds’life.C.Linksofuniquenessinbirdstoextinctionrisk.D.Theapproachestopreventingbirds’extinction.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SomebirdswithspecialphysicaltraitsB.KeyrolesuniquebirdsplayinecosystemsC.MeasurestoprotectthreateneduniquebirdsD.Moreuniquebirdsathigherriskofextinction〖答案〗12.B13.A14.C15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。研究发现，拥有独特特征的鸟类面临更高的灭绝风险，其消失可能对生态系统功能造成严重影响，保护这些濒危物种至关重要，以维持生态平衡。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.(失去这些物种及其在环境中发挥的独特作用，如种子传播、授粉和捕食，可能会对生态系统的功能产生负面影响。)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，独特鸟类的消失可能会导致对生态系统功能的破坏。故选B。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“JaromeAli,aPhDcandidateatPrincetonUniversitywhocompletedtheresearchatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Ourstudyshowsthatextinctionswillmostlikely

prunealargepercentageofuniquespeciesfromthebirdfamilytree.Losingtheseuniquespecieswillmeanalossofthespecializedrolesthattheyplayinecosystems.Ifwedonottakeactiontoprotectthreatenedspeciesandpreventextinctions,thefunctioningofecosystemswillbethrownintodisorder.”(普林斯顿大学的博士候选人JaromeAli在伦敦帝国理工学院完成了这项研究，他说：“我们的研究表明，灭绝很可能会从鸟类家谱中……很大比例的独特物种。失去这些独特的物种将意味着失去它们在生态系统中发挥的特殊作用。如果我们不采取行动保护濒危物种，防止物种灭绝，生态系统的功能将陷入混乱。”)

”可知，划线词与“Losingtheseuniquespecies”同义，则意为“

切掉，删掉，删除”，“cutout”可以解释划线词，即灭绝很可能会从鸟类家谱中去除很大比例的独特物种。故选A。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“JaromeAlisaid,“Onepossibilityisthathighlyspecializedorganismsarelessabletoadapttoachangingenvironment,inwhichcasehumanimpactsmaydirectlythreatenspecieswiththemostunusualecologicalroles.Moreresearchisneededtodivedeeperintotheconnectionbetweenuniquetraitsandextinctionrisk,”(JaromeAli说：“一种可能性是高度特化的生物适应不断变化的环境的能力较差，在这种情况下，人类的影响可能直接威胁到具有最不寻常生态作用的物种。需要更多的研究来深入研究独特特征和灭绝风险之间的联系。”)”可知，未来研究人员需要探索鸟类的独特性与灭绝风险的联系。故选C。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Anewstudyfindsthatbirdspecieswithextremeoruncommoncombinationsoftraitsfacethehighestriskofextinction,ThestudyledbyresearchersatImperialCollegeLondonfindsthatthemostuniquebirdsontheplanetarealsothemostthreatened.Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.(一项新的研究发现，具有极端或罕见特征组合的鸟类面临着最高的灭绝风险。由伦敦帝国理工学院的研究人员领导的这项研究发现，地球上最独特的鸟类也是最受威胁的。失去这些物种及其在环境中发挥的独特作用，如种子传播、授粉和捕食，可能会对生态系统的功能产生负面影响。)”可知，研究发现，拥有独特特征的鸟类面临更高的灭绝风险，其消失可能对生态系统功能造成严重影响，保护这些濒危物种至关重要，以维持生态平衡，因此D项(更多独特的鸟类面临更高的灭绝风险)适合作为标题，故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WonderingwhatyoucandotocelebrateEarthDayonApril22?We’vemadealistoffunandenvironmentally-consciousEarthDayactivitiestohelpraiseawarenessandmakeadifference.Walkorrideyourbike.___16___Eachdaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommittowalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalkingorbiking,tryenvironmentally-consciouspublictransportationlikebuses,trains,orshuttles.Carryreusableplasticorclothbags.Mostplasticbagsareusedforabout10-20minutes,onlytoendupinalandfillforhundredsofyears.___17___Sousereusablegrocerybagswhenyougotothesupermarketorwhenyou’rebuyingitemsatanystore.___18___Youcandothisasanindividualorjoinacommunitygroup.Manylocalenvironmentalgroupsorganizebiggereventswhereyoucanjoinateamandclearroadways,highways,andneighborhoodstreetsoflitter,soseeifyourlocalcommunityishostinganything.Takingamomenttopickupanylitteryouseeasyou’reoutandaboutonEarthDayishelpfulandeasytodo.AttendalocalEarthDayevent.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself!___19___Anymoneyraisedcangotowardsalocalenvironmentalrestorationprojectorgroup.Turnofflightswhenyou’renotusingthem.Turnofflampsandoverheadlightswheneveryouleavearoomoryourhouse.Electricityoftencomesfromfossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.___20___A.Pickuplitterinyourcommunity.B.Joinavolunteeractivitytohelpacommunity.C.Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmtotheenvironment.D.Sincehumansuse4trillionplasticbagsayear,thisisabigproblem.E.SousingaslittleelectricityaspossibleisagreatwaytohelptheEarth.F.Landfillsarealreadyoverflowing,sotrytoavoidaddingtothatsituation.G.It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheEarth.〖答案〗16.C17.D18.A19.G20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章为想庆祝地球日的读者介绍了一些可以参与的活动。【16题详析】由下文“Eachdaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommittowalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalkingorbiking,tryenvironmentally-consciouspublictransportationlikebuses,trains,orshuttles.(每天可以发挥作用，但如果你能致力于在未来更经常地步行或骑自行车，那就更好了！如果你每天上下班的路程太远，不适合步行或骑自行车，试试环保的公共交通工具，比如公共汽车、火车或班车)”可知，此段落的主题是不使用汽车，鼓励步行或骑自行车出行，以减少对环境的影响，故C选项“Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmtotheenvironment.(一天不使用汽车可以减少对环境的危害)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。【17题详析】由上文“Carryreusableplasticorclothbags.Mostplasticbagsareusedforabout10-20minutes,onlytoendupinalandfillforhundredsofyears.(携带可重复使用的塑料袋或布袋。大多数塑料袋使用大约10-20分钟，最终被扔进垃圾填埋场数百年)”可知，本段强调使用可重复使用的袋子的重要性，本空要介绍与“使用的塑料袋”有关的话题，故D选项“Sincehumansuse4trillionplasticbagsayear,thisisabigproblem.(每年人类使用4万亿个塑料袋，这是一个大问题。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。【18题详析】由下文“Youcandothisasanindividualorjoinacommunitygroup.Manylocalenvironmentalgroupsorganizebiggereventswhereyoucanjoinateamandclearroadways,highways,andneighborhoodstreetsoflitter,soseeifyourlocalcommunityishostinganything.Takingamomenttopickupanylitteryouseeasyou’reoutandaboutonEarthDayishelpfulandeasytodo.(你可以作为个人或加入一个社区团体。许多当地的环保组织组织了更大的活动，你可以加入一个团队，清理道路、高速公路和附近街道上的垃圾，所以看看你当地的社区是否会举办任何活动。花点时间捡起你在地球日外出时看到的垃圾，这很有帮助，也很容易做到)”可知，本空要说跟“捡拾垃圾”有关的话题，故A选项“Pickuplitterinyourcommunity.(在你的社区里捡垃圾。)”能引起下文，适合作为段落主题句，符合题意。故选A。【19题详析】由上文“AttendalocalEarthDayevent.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself!

(参加当地的地球日活动。看看你的社区是否正在举办环境博览会。如果你的社区没有这样的计划，考虑自己创建一个！)”可知，本空要谈论这一天的特殊意义，故G选项“It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheEarth.(这是一个完美的一天，可以聚在一起庆祝地球的有趣和教育。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。【20题详析】由上文“Turnofflightswhenyou’renotusingthem.Turnofflampsandoverheadlightswheneveryouleavearoomoryourhouse.Electricityoftencomesfromfossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.

(不用灯的时候把灯关掉。当你离开房间或你的房子时，关掉灯和顶灯。电力通常来自导致气候变化的化石燃料)”可知，本空要总结节约用电的好处，故E选项“SousingaslittleelectricityaspossibleisagreatwaytohelptheEarth.(因此，尽可能少地使用电力是帮助地球的好方法。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep___21___,spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient___22___.Spear’sinterestinChinabeganduringcollegewhenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinese___23___.Hisinterest___24___whenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater.Hesaysthatitwas___25___thatledhimtosettlebeneaththeGreatWall.Inthe1990s,heandhiswifediscoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyuafterachanceto___26___LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.Asanarchitect,Spearusedhisexpertisetorenewhisdreamhouse,whichcamewith___27___viewsoftheGreatWall.Moreover,thearchitectexploredwaysofsupportingruralresidents.In___28___ofhiscontributions,SpearwasgiventheGreatWallFriendshipAwardbytheBeijinggovernmentin2014.“TheGreatWall___29___meinmanywaystothisveryday,”hesayswhenaskedifhisarchitecturalwork___30___inspirationfromtheimpressivestructure.However,hestressesthat___31___aGreatWallstyledoesn’tmeanbuildingdefence,butratherthathisapproachconcernsdesignsthatecho(与……有共同特征)thewall,butdon’t___32___it.SpearseesplentyofpossibilitiesinChina,drivenbysignificantinternaldemandandagrowingfocuson___33___historicalstructures.HisloveforChinais___34___alive.“___35___ofmyheartisintheUSandalwayswillbe.ButtherestisinChinaandIlovelivinghere.IlikeChina,”hesays.21.A.wiser B.further C.faster D.higher22.A.wonder B.area C.image D.figure23.A.explorer B.reminder C.guide D.specialist24.A.deepened B.fastened C.applied D.addicted25.A.ignorance B.duty C.fortune D.goal26.A.goafter B.comeacross C.arguewith D.callout27.A.political B.challenging C.various D.odd28.A.effort B.recognition C.advantage D.change29.A.signals B.signs C.inspires D.proves30.A.warns B.responds C.approaches D.draws31.A.instructing B.influencing C.following D.promoting32.A.copy B.compare C.replace D.record33.A.preserving B.spotting C.containing D.selecting34.A.normally B.extremely C.regularly D.naturally35.A.Joy B.Shape C.Pain D.Part〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.B29.C30.D31.C32.A33.A34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文的体裁是记叙文。本文讲述了JimSpear对中国、特别是长城的热爱和他在中国的生活经历，包括他如何与妻子相遇、如何在中国定居、他的建筑设计工作以及他对中国的深厚感情。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，沿着长城行走是一生一次的梦想，但JimSpear更进一步，在过去的18年里，他住在这个古老奇迹下面的一个村庄里。A.wiser更明智；B.further更远；C.faster更快；D.higher更高。根据上文的“WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep”和下文的“spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient”可知，沿着长城行走是一生一次的梦想，JimSpear不止是沿着长城行走，而是更进一步，在过去的18年里，他住在这个古老奇迹下面的一个村庄里。故选B。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，沿着长城行走是一生一次的梦想，但JimSpear更进一步，在过去的18年里，他住在这个古老奇迹下面的一个村庄里。A.wonder奇迹，好奇；B.area区域；C.image图像；D.figure人物。根据上文的“WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany”和“spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient”可知，JimSpear住在长城下面的一个村庄里，即长城下面这个古老奇迹下面的一个村庄里。故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Spear对中国的兴趣始于大学期间，当时他参加了一位中国专家教授的课程。A.explorer探险家；B.reminder提醒者；C.guide导游，指导者；D.specialist专家。根据上文的“whenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinese”可知，大学期间他参加了一个课程，所以可推知是一位中国专家教授的课程。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1980年，当他遇到他的未婚妻唐时，他的兴趣加深了，并在两年后结婚。A.deepened加深；B.fastened固定；C.applied应用；D.addicted上瘾。根据下文的“whenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater”和“Hesaysthatitwas______thatledhimtosettlebeneaththeGreatWall.”可知，他的兴趣比在大学时加深了，导致最后定居在长城脚下。故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说是运气让他在长城下定居下来的。A.ignorance无知；B.duty责任；C.fortune幸运；D.goal目标。根据下文的“Inthe1990s,heandhiswifediscoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyuafterachanceto______LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.”可知，他和妻子偶然遇到了李丰泉，李丰泉试图卖给他一件T恤，后来他们在慕田峪找到了未来的家。所以他觉得是运气让他在长城下定居下来的。故选C。【26题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：上世纪90年代，他和妻子偶然遇到了李丰泉，李丰泉试图卖给他一件T恤，后来他们在慕田峪找到了未来的家。A.goafter追求；B.comeacross偶遇；C.arguewith与……争论；D.callout大声叫喊。根据下文的“LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.”可知，李丰泉试图卖给他一件T恤，可推知他们以前不认识，所以他们是偶然遇到。故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名建筑师，