高一英语译林版2020必修第三册同步课件25Grammar（II）不定式全解与练习

Grammar&Usage(II)To-infinitivesasattributives

andadverbialsofresultUnit2

Naturaldisasters非谓语动词非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.名称语法功能主语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√Tohaveahealthydietkeepsusfit.Tofinishyourhomeworkontimeeverydayisyourduty.1.不定式作主语形式主语Itkeepsusfittohaveahealthydiet.Itisyourdutytofinishyourhomeworkontimeeveryday.熟记以下句型：Itis+adj.+todosth.Itis+a/an+n(pleasure,pity,crime,honor…)+todosthItis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.Itis+adj(表人品的)+ofsb.+todosth.Ittook(sb)sometime/courage/wisdom…+todosth.Itisnouse/good/useful/useless/awasteoftime+doingsth.Practicemakesperfect每天阅读是很有用的。对她来说获得这个奖是一个巨大的荣誉。从超市买菜比从菜农那里买要贵。It'smoreexpensivetobuyvegetablesfromsupermarketsthanfromfarmers.Itisusefultoreadeveryday.It'sagreathonorforhertowinthisaward1.__________ismydream_____________(travel)tothemoonbyspaceship.2.Itisanhonor_________(get)thegoldmedalintheOlympics3.Itisnecessaryforus_______(be)constantlyremindedofourshortcomings.4.Itisnogood_____________(pretend)toknowwhatyoudon’tknow.5.Ittookthemfiveyears___________(build)thebridge.IttotraveltogettobetobuildpretendingPracticemakesperfect2.不定式作宾语Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.熟记以下单词：decide，determine，wish，plan，want，manage，try，afford，promise，arrange，desire，pretend，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，fail，agree，forget，prefer，...1.Weagreed__________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.2.Mr.Smithdetermined________(go)tothecinema.3.Whenhisfathercamein,hepretended________________(study).4.Ifinditinteresting___________(learn)Maths.5.Heconsideredithisduty_________(care)aboutthehomelesskids.6.Wethinkitnecessary____________(increase)thesalary.

tomeettogotobestudyingtolearntocaretoincrease注意：不定式作某些特殊动词的宾语时，常用it作形式宾语,而把真宾语不定式和动名词放在句末。think/consider/find/feel/make/beilieve+it+adj/n+todosthPracticemakesperfect3.不定式作表语Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.Mywishistobeadoctor.Forhim,thefirststepistofindanofficejob.Themainpurposeofthemeetingwastoelectanewmanager.我的愿望是成为一名医生。对于他来说，第一步就是找一个办公室的工作。这次会议的主要目的是选一名新经理。4.不定式作定语Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowis

important.IamsobusyIhavenotimetowritealetter.Ineedapentowritewith.不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。5.不定式作宾语补足语Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.常接不定式作宾补的词有：ask,encourage,force,permit,urge,direct,enable,invite,order,want,wish等(1)My

mom

encouraged

me________(improve)my

writing

skills.(2)Heoften

makes

his

little

sister

________(cry).toimprovecry考点归纳：1.感官动词+宾语+宾补see,watch,observe,lookat,notice hear listento feelsee+sbdosthsbdoingsthsthdoneIsawher________(read)anEnglishpoemyesterday.Shewasseen__________(read)anEnglishpoemyesterday.He________(see)tocrosstheroad.I________(see)sawhimcrosstheroad.Iheardher________(sing)asongwhenIpassedbyherroom.Iheardasong_________(sing)byalittlegirlyesterday.readtoread看见某人做了某事看见某人正在做某事看见某事被做wasseensawsingingsung2.使役动词+宾语+宾补:haveletmake⑴havesbdosth:havesb/sthdoingsth:havesthdone:使某人做某事使某人/某物一直做某事使某事被做⑵makesbdosth:makeoneselfdone:使某人做某事使某人自己被…Ihadmycar______(wash)lastweek.I’mverybusy.Ihavealotoffiles________(type).Jimoftenmakeshissister________(cry),butthismorninghewasmade__________(cry)byhissister.Theplaceisnoisysoheshoutedtomakehimself________(hear).You’dbetternothavethelight________(burn)alldaylong.Ihavehadmybike___________(repair),andI'mgoingtohavesomebody______(repair)myradiotomorrow.crytocryheardwashedtotypeburningrepairedrepairPracticemakesperfect总结:动词+宾语(sb.)

+todosthadvise allow ask beg

cause encourageexpect forbid get intend invite likelove order persuadeprefer permit require teach tell want warn wish6.不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.Igotupearlysoastogettoschoolontime.Hewassocarelessastoleavehiscarunlocked.7.不定式作结果状语常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词…astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastoclosethedoor,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.8.不定式作原因状语Afterthestrongstorm,wewereveryamazedtoseethatourhousewasingoodconditionandourgrandparentswereverydelightedtoknowthatweweresafeandsound.Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。10.不定式的省略现象，即用动词原形的情况不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词

have,make,let后作宾语补足语时。Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。Wedidnothingbut/exceptwait.

不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。

WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.

11.不定式后动词的省略1.动词love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。2.句式

wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式要保留不定式后的be或have。

---Areyouasailor?---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

---Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?---No,butIshouldhave(finished).

不定式口诀本领最多不定式，主表宾补定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。用时千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑