新高考英语三轮冲刺查缺补漏专题01阅读解析版

专题01阅读理解目录01挑战真题·查知识漏洞02回顾教材·补知识漏洞回顾知识体系回顾核心考点易混易错归纳03知识通关演练Passage1（2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals？Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First，heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle，thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks，Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina."Ecologicaldesign"isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，"hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair."1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？______A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks？______A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou？______A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.4.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork？______A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】C、D、B、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.（当约翰•托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。）以及第二段中Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.（在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又继续观察自然并提出问题。）可知，前两段介绍了约翰经常观察自然，善于思考，喜欢刨根问底。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.（他决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西。）以及第四段中Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!（生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来!）可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.（他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。）可知，清洁福州的运河水是生态机器实际应用的一个例子。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。）可知，约翰工作的基础，即原理，是自然可以自我修复。故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了善于思考的约翰•托德利用自然可以自我修复的原理，发明了生态机器。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。Passage2（2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivateasustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitudeandthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.5.Whatisthebookaimedat？______A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.

B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.

D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter"inparagraph3mean？______A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.7.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone？______A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.8.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo？______A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【答案】B、A、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.（这本书的目标是阐述数字极简主义的理由，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教授你如何采用这种哲学。）可知，本书旨在倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivities...youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivities（此过程要求您远离可选的在线活动……然后，您将添加少量精心选择的在线活动）可知，此处表示先清理在线活动，之后再根据需要进行选择，declutter意为"清理"。结合选项，A.Clear-up.清理；B.Add-on.补充；C.Check-in.登记；D.Take-over.接管。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter...You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.（在第一部分的最后一章，我将指导你完成你自己的数字整理……你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱。）可知，本段介绍了在本书第一部分的最后一章，作者会以实操案例来教授读者如何实现数字清理。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。）可知，作者建议读者根据实际需要，把本书第二部分提供的实践视为一种工具。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一本倡导数字极简主义的书籍，内容包括极简生活的优点，以及从实际操作方面教授我们如何形成这种生活方式。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。回顾知识体系回顾核心考点阅读理解做题步骤题文同序先看题干；确定关键词带着关键词，去文中准确定位；结合题干问题，对比文本和选项；细节理解题，同义替换是答案。英语阅读，明明每个单词都认识，每个小短句也熟悉，就是连起来不知道什么意思；每个选项都像是对的，最后的生死二选一总是出错，完美避开正确答案，到底是哪一步出现了问题？考点一：例证题1.当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。2.返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。3.搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。▶▶注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。4.找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)▶▶要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。考点二指代题1.返回原文，找出出题的指代词。2.向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。考点三词汇题“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。②确定该词汇的词性③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案▶▶注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。隐蔽型词汇题题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。四、句子理解题1.返回原文找到原句。2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。3.一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。▶▶思路：对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。五、推理题“最近原则”1.标志：learn,infer,imply,inform2.看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。3.依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。4.推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)▶▶注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。六、主旨题“串线摘帽”即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。1.主旨题的标志：mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle2.串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的3.小心首段陷阱。4.主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：①局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;②范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。5.逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。七、作者态度题1.标志：attitude2.应精确理解四个选项的含义3.不要掺杂自己的观点。4.可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately,excessively,toomany5.举例的方式。6.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结构。7.做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。八、判断题1.看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。2.每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。3.要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。九、细节题看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案重点题型中的几个问题词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。正确答案的特征1.正确答案经常与中心思想有关。2.正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。3.正确答案经常运用的原则是：①原文原词。用原文原词作为正确选项。②同义替换。常见方法有：对原文中的关键词进行同义替换，如把useup换成runoutof;把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把修饰语important变换成ofimportance;改变原文句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。③信息归纳。用精炼的语言概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确选项。。4.从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some.5.正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。错误答案的特征1.文不对题。是原文信息，但不是与题目对应的内容。2.张冠李戴。细节与原文一致，但把本来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。3.无中生有。符合常识，但原文未提及。4.偷梁换柱。与原文信息极其相似，但在关键信息处改变了或所指对象等从而改变具体内涵5.扩缩范围。如原文用almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,转换。usually等词对信息加以限制，干扰选项则改变了限定范围。6.颠倒是非。与原文信息大相径庭甚至完全相反。7.正误参半。内容部分正确，部分错误。易混易错归纳【易错题01】细节理解题1.（2022全国甲卷）AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.【答案】C【错误分析】首先，抓不住题干细节，不能迅速定位到文中对应段落进行有效精准翻译，同时对文中长难句翻译时不会有效断句和提取主干。【解题思路】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。【易错题02】推理判断题1.（2022新高考I卷）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureLateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】A【错误分析】根据已给信息进行综合归纳计算能力欠缺，只注重字面单一意思，不能有效运算推理。【解题思路】推理判断题。根据“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。【易错题03】主旨大意题1.Askingforhelpisasignofstrengthratherthanweakness.InAmericanculture,theindependentindividualisseenastheirideal.AstheUniversityofMissouriatSt.LouisstatesonitswebsiteundertheheadingKeyAmericanValues,“Americanshavebeentrainedsinceveryearlyintheirlivestoconsiderthemselvesasseparateindividualswhoareresponsiblefortheirownsituationsinlifeandtheirowndestinies.”Thevaluealsomakesthemthinktheycandoeverythingthemselves,andmakesthemfeelbadlyaboutaskingforhelpwhentheyneedit.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhatkeyAmericanvaluesare.B．WhyAmericansrefusetoaskforhelp.C．Askingforhelpisasignofstrength.D．Americansareresponsiblefortheirlife.【答案】B【错误分析】不会正确分析文章结构，主旨句通常位于段首，无法对上下文进行长难句划分并合理翻译。【解题思路】段落大意题。本段第一句指出了本文的主旨大意，但是接着话锋一转，讲到在美国，由于受到传统文化的影响，人们一般都不愿求助于人，本段主要解释了“美国人为什么一般都不愿求助于人”这个问题。Passage1(2024年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷)Peoplemayforminaccurateimpressionsaboutusfromoursocialmediaposts，findsnewCornellUniversityresearchthatisthefirsttoexamineperceptions（认知）ofourpersonalitiesbasedononlineposts.

Anannlysisofonlinestatusupdatesfoundgreatdifferencebetweenhowviewerssawtheauthorsacrossarangeofpersonalitytraits，andtheauthors'self-perceptions.

ViewersratedtheInternetusersonaverageashavinglowerself-esteemandbeingmoreself-revealing，forexample.thantheusersratedthemselves.Statusupdatescontainingphotos，videosorlinksinadditiontotextfacilitatedmoreaccurateassessmentsthanthosewithjusttext.theresearchersfound.

Overall，theysaid，thestudyshedslightonthedynamicprocessbywhichacyberaudiencetriestomakesenseofwhowearefromisolatedfragments（碎片）ofsharedinformation，jointlyconstructingourdigitalidentity.

"Theimpressionpeopleformaboutusonsocialmediabasedonwhatwepostcandifferfromthewayweviewourselves."saidQiWang，professorofpsychologyanddirectoroftheCulture&CognitionLab."Amismatchbetweenwhoweareandhowpeopleperceiveuscouldinfluenceourabilitytofeelconnectedonlineandthebenefitsofengaginginsocialmediainteraction."

TheCornellresearchersbelievetheirstudyisthefirsttoinvestigateaudienceperceptionsofsocialmediausersthroughtheirposts.Onplatforms，usersoftensharefragmentarypersonalnarrativeswhileinteractingwith"friends"theymayknowonlyalittleorsometimesnotatall.

Interestingly，thestudyfoundthatonlinestatusupdatesgeneratedperceptionsofusersthatwereconsistentwithculturalstandardsinofflinecontextsconcerninggenderandethnicity—eventhoughviewerswereblindtotheiridentities.

Wangsaidthefindingscouldhelpdevelopersdesigninterfacesthatallowpeopletoexpressthemselvesmostauthentically.

"Ifpeople'sviewofusisverydifferentfromwhoweactuallyare，orhowwewouldliketobeperceived，"Wangsaid，"itcouldharmoursociallifeandwell-being."1.Whatmayyouronlinepostsleadto？______A.Authenticdigitalidentity. B.Viewer'smisjudgmentofyou.

C.Lesssocialmediainteraction. D.Makingmoreonlinefriends.2.Whichofthefollowingwillleastrevealyourpersonality？______A.Alinkwithtext. B.Apurevideopost.

C.Aplaintextpost. D.Atextpostwithphotos.3.Whowillbemostinterestedinthesefindings？______A.Onlinewebviewers. B.Internetbloggers.

C.Computerrepairmen. D.Socialmediadevelopers.4.WhatdoesWangthinkoftheresultoftheresearch？______A.Profitable. B.Meaningless. C.Useful. D.Unpractical.【答案】D、C、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Peoplemayforminaccurateimpressionsaboutusfromoursocialmediaposts，findsnewCornellUniversityresearchthatisthefirsttoexamineperceptions（认知）ofourpersonalitiesbasedononlineposts.（康奈尔大学的一项新研究发现，人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象。该研究首次基于在线帖子调查了人们对我们性格的看法。）和第二段Anannlysisofonlinestatusupdatesfoundgreatdifferencebetweenhowviewerssawtheauthorsacrossarangeofpersonalitytraits，andtheauthors'self-perceptions.（对在线状态更新的分析发现，观众对作者各种性格特征的看法和作者的自我认知之间存在巨大差异。）可知你在网上的帖子会让你交到更多的网友。故答案为D。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Statusupdatescontainingphotos，videosorlinksinadditiontotextfacilitatedmoreaccurateassessmentsthanthosewithjusttext，theresearchersfound.（研究人员发现，除了文本之外，包含照片、视频或链接的状态更新比只有文本的状态更新更有助于进行更准确的评估。）可知一篇纯文本的帖子最不会暴露你的个性。故答案为C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Wangsaidthefindingscouldhelpdevelopersdesigninterfacesthatallowpeopletoexpressthemselvesmostauthentically.（王说，这些发现可以帮助开发者设计界面，让人们最真实地表达自己。）可知社交媒体开发者对这些发现最感兴趣。故答案为D。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后两段Wangsaidthefindingscouldhelpdevelopersdesigninterfacesthatallowpeopletoexpressthemselvesmostauthentically."Ifpeople'sviewofusisverydifferentfromwhoweactuallyare，orhowwewouldliketobeperceived，"Wangsaid，"itcouldharmoursociallifeandwell-being."（王说，这些发现可以帮助开发者设计界面，让人们最真实地表达自己。"如果人们对我们的看法与我们的真实身份或我们希望被人如何看待的看法大相径庭，"王说，"这可能会损害我们的社会生活和福祉。"）可知王认为研究的结果很有帮助。故答案为C。

Passage2(2024年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷)Firstestablishedin2000tohelpthousandsofworkingdonkeysinIsraelandthePalestinianTerritories，thecharitySafeHavenforDonkeyshasbegunworkingwithanEgyptianpartnerorganisation，theBridgeFoundation，toprovidecaretothedonkeysintheElSafregionofEgypt.

Thousandsofdonkeysandmulesworkinthebrickkilns（砖窑）inEgypt，ofwhichthereareapproximately1.000，carrying1.4to1.6tonnesofbricksandmovingatanintensepacetopreventunfiredbricksfromcrackingintheheat.Duetoalackofexpertveterinary（兽医）care，manyoftheseanimalsaresufferingintensepainfromharnesswounds，beatings，teethandhoofissuesandparasiticdiseasesspreadbyflies.

NowacollaborationbetweenUKcharitySafeHavenforDonkeysandEgyptiancommunitydevelopmentcharitytheBridgeFoundationisprovidingmuch-neededrelieftotheseanimals.Theprojectincludesamobileveterinaryclinicwhichtreatscommoninjuriesandinfectionsandtrainsownersonhowtobestlookaftertheirdonkeysandmules.

SafeHavenforDonkeysCEOAndyFoxcroftsaid，"Currently，nootheranimalwelfarecharityprovidesveterinaryinterventionsintheseparticularkilns，hencetheneedforSafeHaven'sexpertise，ontheground.treatingsickandinjuredanimalsandprovidingtrainingforownersandlocalprofessionals（vetsandfarriers）.Thisfirstyearisvitalaswehopetomakealastingimpactbyreducingtheunnecessarysufferingofworkinganimals.whichsadly.isalltoocommonafeatureinthebrickkilns."

SafeHavenforDonkeys'work，whichhelpsanestimated10.000animalsayear.ismadepossiblebycharitabledonationsthatfundthetreatmentandtrainingthattheyoffer.YoucandonateatsafehavenA.5.Whatcausesthesufferingsofthedonkeys？______A.Theneedsofkilnsandtheirowners'cruelty.

B.Lackofexpertadviceandfoodshortage.

C.Heavyworkandshortageofpropercare.

D.Watershortageandtheheatofbrickkilns.6.HowwillSafeHavenforDonkeyshelptheworkingdonkeys？______A.Offeringrelieftothem. B.Providingtrainingforthem.

C.Rescuingthemfromhardwork. D.Monitoringthosebrickkilns.7.WhatdoesAndyFoxcroftexpectSafeHavenforDonkeystodo？______A.Bringaboutmoreprofessionalvets.

B.Treatsickandinjuredanimalswell.

C.Provideprofessionaltrainingforowners.

D.Shiftworkinganimals'situationlastingly.8.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph？______A.Tocallfordonations. B.Tosummarizethearticle.

C.TointroduceSafeHaven. D.TopraisetheworkofSafeHaven.【答案】C、A、D、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中Thousandsofdonkeysandmulesworkinthebrickkilns（砖窑）inEgypt，ofwhichthereareapproximately1.000.carrying1.4to1.6tonnesofbricksandmovingatanintensepacetopreventunfiredbricksfromcrackingintheheat.Duetoalackofexpertveterinary（兽医）care，manyoftheseanimalsaresufferingintensepainfromharnesswounds，beatings，teethandhoofissuesandparasiticdiseasesspreadbyflies.（数千头驴和骡子在埃及的砖窑中工作，其中约有1000头。它们携带1.4至1.6吨的砖块，并以惊人的速度移动，以防止未烧制的砖块在高温下破裂。由于缺乏专业的兽医护理，这些动物中的许多都因挽具伤口、殴打、牙齿和蹄问题以及苍蝇传播的寄生虫病而遭受剧烈疼痛。）可知，繁重的工作和缺乏适当的护理导致那些驴的痛苦。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段NowacollaborationbetweenUKcharitySafeHavenforDonkeysandEgyptiancommunitydevelopmentcharitytheBridgeFoundationisprovidingmuch-neededrelieftotheseanimals.（现在，英国慈善机构"驴的避风港"和埃及社区发展慈善机构"桥梁基金会"正在为这些动物提供急需的救助。）可知，驴的安全避难所通过向工作的驴提供救济来帮助它们。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段SafeHavenforDonkeysCEOAndyFoxcroftsaid，"Currently，nootheranimalwelfarecharityprovidesveterinaryinterventionsintheseparticularkilns，hencetheneedforSafeHaven'sexpertise，ontheground.treatingsickandinjuredanimalsandprovidingtrainingforownersandlocalprofessionals（vetsandfarriers）.（驴的安全避难所首席执行官AndyFoxcroft表示："目前，没有其他动物福利慈善机构在这些特定的窑炉中提供兽医干预，因此需要安全避难所的专业知识，在当地饲养生病和受伤的动物，并为主人和当地专业人员（兽医和蹄铁匠）提供培训。）可知，AndyFoxcroft希望"驴的安全避难所"能持久地改变工作动物的处境。故选D。

（4）写作意图题。根据最后一段SafeHavenforDonkeys'work，whichhelpsanestimated10.000animalsayear，ismadepossiblebycharitabledonationsthatfundthetreatmentandtrainingthattheyoffer.YoucandonateatsafehavenA.（驴工作的避风港每年帮助大约10000只动物，这是因为慈善捐款为它们提供的培训和培训提供了资金。您可以在safehavenA上捐款。）可知，最后一段的写作意图是呼吁大家捐赠。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是慈善机构SafeHavenforDonkeys为在埃及砖窑劳作的驴提供庇护。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。Passage3（2024年江苏省宿迁市高考英语一模试卷）Countlessstorieshaveportrayedthedeepconnectionbetweenhumansandhorses，suchasclassicliteraryworksBlackBeautyandTheChroniclesofNarnia.However，theextenttowhichhorsescomprehendtheirhumancompanionsremainsamystery.Recentresearchhasshownthathorsescandistinguishbetweenhumanexpressionsofhappinessandsadnessconveyedthroughfacialmovementsorvocaltones.

Theresearchersbrought28horsesintoaroomonebyone，eachwearingheartratemonitorsastheiractionswererecorded.Thehorsefacedtwoscreensplayingtwodifferentvideos：oneshowedahappypersonandtheotherasadperson.Avoicewasplayedatthesametime，soundinghappyorsad.

Whenthepictureandvoicedidn'tmatch—forexample，ifthevoicewassadbutthepictureshowedahappyperson—thehorseseemedpuzzledandlookedforalongertime，comparedtotheonethatdidmatch，asifitknewsomethingdidn'tmakesense."Youcouldimaginethattheyhaveaparticularboxintheirmindlabeled'humansadness'containingthecharacteristicsofbothasadfaceandasadvoice，andthatwhenwearesad，theyexpectwhatwesaytomatchhowwelook，"saidDoctoralResearcherOceaneLiehrmannoftheUniversityofTurku，inFinland.

Theresearchersalsosawthathorsesweremoreattentivetothescreendisplayingthehappyface.Theylookedatitmoreoftenandforalongertimeandtheirheartratesincreasedwhentheyheardahappyvoiceanddecreasedwhentheyheardasadvoiceaswell.

Itispossiblethatthehorsesmighthaveassociatedhappyhumanexpressionswithpositivememoriesfromtheirpast.Anothertheoryisthatseeingahappypersoncouldactuallymakeahorsefeelhappier—aprocessknownasemotionalcontagion."Wedon'tknowwhetherhorsesthemselvesunderstandwhatitistobesad.Itispossiblethattheylearnitmeanssomethingforahuman，"saidLiehrmann.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment？______A.Bycomparingdifferenthorses'expressions.

B.Bymonitoringhorses'oddbehaviorinthelab.

C.Bysummarizingthecharacteristicsofthehorses.

D.Byobservinghorses'reactiontohumanemotions.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresultoftheresearch？______A.Horseshadapreferenceforhappypeople.

B.Horsesweretoonervousaboutthevideos.

C.Horsesrecognizedpeople'sidentityquickly.

D.Horseslookedexcitedatavoiceofsadness.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"contagion"probablymeaninthelastparagraph？______A.Support. B.Influence. C.Outbreak. D.Control.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.HumansImpactHorsesHugely

B.HorsesDislikeSorrowfulPeople

C.HumansandHorsesInteractClosely

D.HorsesKnowWhenYouareHappy【答案】D、A、B、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Theresearchersbrought28horsesintoaroomonebyone，eachwearingheartratemonitorsastheiractionswererecorded.Thehorsefacedtwoscreensplayingtwodifferentvideos：oneshowedahappypersonandtheotherasadperson.Avoicewasplayedatthesametime，soundinghappyorsad.（研究人员将28匹马逐一带入一个房间，每匹马都戴着心率监测器，记录下它们的动作。马面对着两个屏幕，屏幕上播放着两个不同的视频：一个是快乐的人，另一个是悲伤的人。同时响起了一个声音，听起来或高兴或悲伤）可知，研究人员通过观察马对人类情绪的反应进行实验。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Theresearchersalsosawthathorsesweremoreattentivetothescreendisplayingthehappyface.Theylookedatitmoreoftenandforalongertimeandtheirheartratesincreasedwhentheyheardahappyvoiceanddecreasedwhentheyheardasadvoiceaswell.（研究人员还发现，马对显示笑脸的屏幕更关注。当他们听到快乐的声音时，他们的心率会增加，而当他们听到悲伤的声音时，他们的心率会降低）可知，研究结果表明马更喜欢快乐的人。故选A。

（3）词句猜测题。根据最后一段Anothertheoryisthatseeingahappypersoncouldactuallymakeahorsefeelhappier—aprocessknownasemotionalcontagion.（另一种理论是，看到一个快乐的人实际上会让马感到更快乐——这一过程被称为情绪影响。）可知，故划线词意contagion思是"影响"。A．Support支持；B．Influence影响；C．Outbreak爆发；D．Control控制。故选B。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Recentresearchhasshownthathorsescandistinguishbetweenhumanexpressionsofhappinessandsadnessconveyedthroughfacialmovementsorvocaltones.（最近的研究表明，马可以区分人类通过面部动作或声调表达的快乐和悲伤）可知，文章主要说明了研究开展的经过以及研究发现马更喜欢快乐的人。D选项HorsesKnowWhenYouareHappy"马知道你什么时候高兴"是最合适的文章标题。故选D。

这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，马可以区分人类通过面部动作或声调表达的快乐和悲伤。文章主要说明了研究开展的经过以及研究发现马更喜欢快乐的人。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。Passage4（2024年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷）AteveryweddingIattendedthispastyear，theeventspacehasbeendecorate