选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　Back to the past

英语大一轮复习Unit3Backtothepast选择性必修第三册内容索引抓关键高考热点过基础知识排查提能力主题写作><PART01过基础知识排查1.breadth

n.宽度；广泛2.voyage

n.航海，航行，航天 vi.航行，远行3.fleet

n.舰队；捕鱼船队；车队4.navigate

vt.航行；导航 vi.导航compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规log n.航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.&vt.伐木dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；

解散route n.路线，路途；途径，渠道leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露n.漏洞regardless adv.不顾，不加理会shore n.岸，滨subsequent adj.随后的，后来的captain n.船长，机长；上校；队长kingdom n.王国；管辖范围royal adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的tomb n.坟墓facilitate vt.使便利，促进available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的prison n.监狱minister n.大臣，部长phrase n.成语，习语；短语，词组format n.总体安排，设计；版式shelf n.(pl.shelves)(书架等的)架子，搁板contrary adj.相反的，相对应的；截然不同的hell n.地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况aboard prep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)rub vt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦washroom n.洗手间，厕所uniform n.制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的eagle n.雕dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷 n.雷，雷声deck n.甲板，舱面meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动chaos n.混乱，杂乱inchaos 混乱中navy n.海军，海军部队hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出plot n.阴谋；故事情节 vi.&vt.密谋infamy n.臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶sink vi.&vt.(sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低pray vi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告praytosbforsth 为某事祈求某人prayforsth 为……祈祷episode n.一段经历，片段；一集textile n.纺织品；(textiles)纺织业reform vt.改进，改良，改革 n.改革，改良output n.产量，输出量cloth n.织物，布料shift n.改变，转移；轮班 vi.&vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变·shiftfrom...to... 从……转移到……·nightshift 夜班cottage n.小屋，村舍strengthen vt.&vi.加强，增强→strong

adj.强壮的→strength

n.力气；力量；强项harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony

n.和谐；融洽proof n.证据，证明→prove

vt.证明；检验；显示linking

v.证明是influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence

n.影响(力)；有影响力的人或事vt.影响financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance

n.金融；财政depart vi.&vt.离开，起程→departure

n.离开，起程departfor... 起程去……shortage n.不足，短缺→short

adj.短的；不足的；矮的→shorten

vt.缩短；减少vi.缩短；变短·ashortageof... ……短缺·beshortof... 缺乏……56literary adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature

n.文学；文献；著作extensively adv.广阔地；广泛地→extensive

adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的；广博的exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception

n.例外adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳vi.领养，收养→adopted

adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption

n.收养；采纳，采用comparison n.比较；对比→compare

v.比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作comparewith... 与……相比compare...to... 与……相比，把……比作61pack vt.&vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；

包装n.包，包裹；小盒，小包→package

n.包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子vt.将……包

装好；包装·packup 收拾行李，整理行装·apackof... 一包/盒……62violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→violent

adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence

n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情63freeze vi.&vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing

adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的→frozen

adj.呆住的；冻结的；冷冻的；冻僵的64bleed vi.(bled，bled)失血，流血→blood

n.血，血液；血统→bleeding

n.流血；失血memorial n.纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→memorize

vt.记住，背熟；记忆→memory

n.记性，记忆力；回忆onbehalfof(＝present) 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了regardlessof 不顾；不管allowfor 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算

在内sortout 理顺，整理；把……安排好contraryto 与……相反haveanimpacton 对……有影响passon 传递；传下去getintouchwith 和……取得联系deliveraspeech

发表演讲declarewaron/against 对……宣战，向……宣战7677Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas，withalmost28,000peopleonboard，whichwasasplendidscene.(which引导非限制性定语从句)船队有船200余艘，载有近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。78Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.(who引导限制性定语从句)凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。79On3August1492，hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.(with复合结构)1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。80Themajorcontributionofthisgreatexploreristhathe“discovered”theNewWorld.(that引导表语从句)这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convincedadj.确信的；深信的→convincingadj.令人信服的convince·convincesbofsth使某人相信某事convincesbtodosth说服/劝说某人做某事·beconvincedof/that...相信……1n.负荷，负载；承载量；大量，许多vt.&vi.装上，装入load2·loadsof＝aloadof大量，许多takealoadoffone’smind打消某人的顾虑·load...with...用……装载……load...into/onto...把……装到……里/上去vt.承认；认可；感谢→acknowledgementn.承认；确认；感谢acknowledge3acknowledge...tobe/as...承认……是/为……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承认做了某事Itisacknowledgedthat...大家公认……vi.&vt.坚持说，坚持认为；坚决主张/要求·insiston/upon(sb/sb’s)doingsth坚持(某人)做某事·insistthat...(1)坚持认为，坚持说……(从句用陈述语气)；(2)坚决要求……[从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)do”]。insist4n.恐慌；惊慌vi.&vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌panic5·inpanic惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中getintoapanic陷入恐慌·panicsbintodoingsth使某人惊慌地做某事vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishedadj.感到惊讶的→astonishingadj.令人惊讶的→astonishmentn.惊讶，惊奇astonish6·beastonishedtodosth对做某事感到惊讶beastonishedat/bysth对某事感到惊讶·inastonishment吃惊地toone’sastonishment令人吃惊的是·地点状语从句在句子中作状语，表示地点，主要由where，wherever等

引导；·where引导地点状语从句，意为“在/到……的地方、位置”；

wherever意为“无论何地”；·注意区别地点状语从句和定语从句。Today，theUSSArizonalieswhereitsank：inthemiddleofthePacificOcean.如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。where引导地点状语从句71.我深信我能胜任报纸上刊登的那份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IamgreatlyconvincedthatIamqualifiedforthejobadvertisedinthenewspaper.2.①尽管我有大量的功课要做，但我仍会花一些空闲时间做运动，以便我能保持健康和精力充沛。(话题写作之学校生活)Eventhough

，I’llspendsomefreetimehavingsportssothatIcankeepfitandenergetic.②得知装载货物的船没有沉后，我们所有人都感到如释重负。(读后续写之心理描写)Knowingthattheship

didn’tsink，allofus

.Ihaveloads/aloadofschoolworktodo(which/thatwas)loadedwithgoodsfeltaloadtakenoffourminds3.①孔子是中国古代最伟大的教育家之一，出生在山东曲阜。(2023·全国甲，短文投稿)Confucius，____________________________________________________

，wasborninQufu，ShandongProvince.②大家都知道，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。(读后续写之升华句)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(whichis)acknowledgedas/tobeoneofthegreatestancienteducatorsinChinaItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatlifeconsistsof/ismadeupofnotonlysunshinebutalsostorms.4.妈妈坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之情绪描写)

，hereyestwinklingwithexcitement.Mominsistedthatwe(should)gocampinginthenextvillage5.①麦克冲进车里，砰地关上车门，惊恐地浑身发抖。(读后续写之动作链描写)Macrushedintothecar，slammedthedoorand_____________________

.②简陷入恐慌，她的心跳动得如此剧烈，以至于她感觉快要窒息了。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Jane

，andherheartbeatsoviolentlythatshefeltnearlychoked.trembledalloverinpanicgotintoapanic6.令我惊讶的是，我在写作比赛中获奖了，我激动得一句话也说不出来。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)①

，IgotawardedinthewritingcontestandIwastooexcitedtoutteraword.②

IgotawardedinthewritingcontestandIwastooexcitedtoutteraword.(主语从句)TomyastonishmentWhatastonishedme/mademeastonishedwasthat7.我们应该对生活采取积极的态度，所以我们要勇敢地从跌倒之处站起来。(读后续写之情感升华)Weshouldadoptapositiveattitudetowardslifeso___________________

.weshouldstandupbravelywherewefalldownⅠ.阅读单词1.navigatevt.航行；导航vi.导航2.episoden.一段经历，片段；一集3.subsequentadj.随后的，后来的4.captainn.船长，机长；上校；队长词汇默写________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________n.肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘n.乡村风景画；风景，景色n.展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席n.画布，油画；帆布adj.想法相同的，志趣相投的n.环境，背景；情节背景Ⅱ.重点单词1.

vt.&vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量2.

vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散3.

vi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说4.

n.路线，路途；途径，渠道5.

n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.&vt.(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措loaddismissinsistroutepanic6.

adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的7.

vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动8.

vi.&vt.下沉，沉没；坐下；降低9.

vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n.漏洞10.

vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水availabledragsinkleakdiveⅢ.拓展单词1.

vt.承认；认可；感谢→

n.承认；确认；感谢2.

adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→

n.影响(力)；有影响力的人或事vt.影响3.

adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→

n.金融；财政acknowledgeacknowledgementinfluentialinfluencefinancialfinance4.

adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→

n.文学；文献；著作5.

adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→

n.例外6.

vt.&vi.加强，增强→

adj.强壮的→

n.力气；力量；强项literaryliteratureexceptionalexceptionstrengthenstrongstrength7.

n.比较；对比→

v.比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作8.

vi.&vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→

adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的→

adj.呆住的；冻结的；冷冻的comparisoncomparefreezefreezingfrozen9.

vi.失血，流血→

n.血，血液；血统→

n.流血，失血10.

adj.友好和睦的；协调的→

n.和谐；融洽bleedbloodbleedingharmoniousharmonyⅣ.核心短语1.

发表演讲2.

对……有影响3.

对……宣战，向……宣战4.

和……取得联系5.

传递；传下去deliveraspeechhaveanimpactondeclarewaron/againstgetintouchwithpassonⅠ.词形变化填空1.Youngpeoplehaveagood

andtheycan

whattheyarelearningwithease.(memory)2.Thereistoomuch

inthefilm，sowemustcutthe________sceneswhenitisshownonTV.(violent)3.MrWhitewasthe

sonofMrsGreen，who

him20yearsago.Thankstoher

，MrWhitecouldreceiveagoodeducationandbecomeanengineer.(adopt)语境运用memorymemorizeviolenceviolentadoptedadoptedadoption4.Forlackof

，noonecan

himtobeinnocent.(proof)5.Allthepeoplepresentatthesportsmeetingwere

atthe

newsthatsuchalittleboydefeatedhisadultopponentinoneround.(astonish)6.Iwas

ofherinnocenceandthereasonsshegavewere

.(convince)proofproveastonishedastonishingconvincedconvincing7.Itisbelievedthatsome

personsdohaveagreat

onmanyordinarypeopleinsomeaspects.(influence)8.—Couldyoupleasetellmethe

timeofmyflight?—Sorry，IonlyknowtheflighttoNewYorkisdueto

intenminutes.(depart)influentialinfluencedeparturedepartⅡ.选词填空1.

thefactthatitwasthefirsttimethattheyhadmadebreakfast，thefoodtasteddelicious.2.IwaspleasedthatIwasselectedtoattendtheceremony____________ourschool.3.Theweatherwasquite

myexpectations，anditwasreallyfreezing.onbehalfof，regardlessof，allowfor，contraryto，sortoutRegardlessofonbehalfofcontraryto4.Thelabhasrecentlybeenupdatedto

moreadvancedcourses.5.Uponarrivingatthedestination，Ibeganto

myaccommodation.allowforsortoutonbehalfof，regardlessof，allowfor，contraryto，sortoutⅢ.经典句型仿写1.我在一家旅行社做过兼职，积累了相关经验，这帮助我适应与不同的人相处。(which引导非限制性定语从句)Ihaveaccumulatedrelevantexperiencebyworkingpart-timeinatravelagency，

.whichhelpsmeadjusttogettingalongwithdifferentpeople2.这种新药的发现对患有心脏病的人非常重要。(who引导限制性定语从句)Thediscoveryofthenewdrugisofgreatimportancetopeople_________

.3.在男孩的带领下，我们最终找到了他的房子。(with复合结构)Wefinallyfoundhishouse，

.whosufferfromhearttroublewiththeboyleadingus4.事实是她正是我们要寻找的人。(that引导表语从句)Thetruthis

.5.你最好在你有问题的地方做个标记。(where引导地点状语从句)You’dbettermakeamark

.thatsheistheverypersonwearelookingforwhereyouhaveproblemsⅣ.语法填空文中加颜色词汇为本单元词汇Between1405and1433，ZhengHe1.

(make)sevenvoyagesonbehalfoftheMingDynasty.Hisships2.

(load)withchina，silk，teaandother3.

(treasure)asgiftsforforeignrulersinmorethan30countriesandregions.ZhengHe’ssevenvoyageshadagreatimpact4.

Chinaanditsneighbours.ZhengHe’saccomplishmentsarenow5.

(wide)acknowledgedandheisrememberedasoneofChina’smost6.

(influence)explorers.madewereloadedtreasuresonwidelyinfluentialChristopherColumbuswasborninItaly.Whenhewasyounghelovedsailingandshowedgreatinterestingeography,7.

inspiredhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman.In1492，hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeships8.

(carry)about90crewmen.Themajor9.______________(contribute)ofthisgreatexploreristhathe“discovered”theNewWorld.Hisvoyagesopened10.

newchapteroftheAgeofExploration.whichcarryingcontributiona返回><第二部分抓关键高考热点pack1.Twothousandstudentswhocametoattendthelecturepackedtheschoolhall.

2.Theworkerspackedtheglassesandmarkedoneachbox“ThisSideUp”.

A.n.包裹；背包B.n.纸包，纸盒C.n.一群D.vt.把……打包；把……装进(箱子)

E.vt.塞满，挤满________ED3.Weavoidapackofjournalistswaitingoutside.

4.Wesawmanyclimberscarryingsomefoodanddrinksintheirpacksontheirback.

5.Theboyplannedtobuyhisfriendapackofgumasabirthdaygiftusinghischange.

A.n.包裹；背包B.n.纸包，纸盒C.n.一群D.vt.把……打包；把……装进(箱子)

E.vt.塞满，挤满____________C

AB1.Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesinkandputintheothersliceofbread. (2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)2.Thelittlegirlwhostayedathomealonefrozewithterrorasthedoorslowlyopened.________________________________n.洗涤槽，水槽v.停住不动，惊呆返回><PART01提能力主题写作(2023·全国甲)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.人物简介及事迹；2.意义或启示。历史完成句子1.说到被广泛认可的历史人物，我不得不提范仲淹。(acknowledge，限制性定语从句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.范仲淹被认为是中国宋代有影响力的作家和政治家，因其对社会的巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。(influential，who引导非限制性定语从句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.他坚持不遗余力地进行一系列改革，使他的国家繁荣起来。(insist)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.他采取了一项改革教学方式的政策，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。(adopt，which引导非限制性定语从句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完成句子5.给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学，激励我做一个正直的人。(what引导主语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.范仲淹是中国优秀的历史人物，完全值得我们钦佩和尊敬。(exceptional，such...that...)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完成句子把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________组句成篇TheHistoricalFigureinChinaWhenitcomestothehistoricalfigurethatiswidelyacknowledged，IhavetomentionFanZhongyan.FanZhongyan，whoisacknowledged/consideredas/tobeaninfluentialChinesewriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty，ishighlyappreciatedforhisgreatcontributionstosociety.Heinsistedonsparingnoefforttocarryoutaseriesofreformstomakehiscountryprosperous.What’smore，headoptedapolicytoreformthewayofteachingsystem，参考范文whichhadafar-reachingimpact/influence/effectontheChineseeducationalsystem.Whatimpressesmemostishisfamousphilosophyoflife，whichinspiresmetobeamanofintegrity.FanZhongyanissuchanexceptionalhistoricalfigureinChinathathefullydeservesouradmirationandrespect.参考范文教材语料整合亮词[情感描写]

harmoniousadj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的panicn.惊恐，恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌violentlyadv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地[动作描写]

convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说insistvi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊freezevi.&vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵bleedvi.失血，流血教材语料整合美句1.ZhengHe’ssevenvoyageshadafar-reachingimpactonChinaanditsneighbours.InthecountriesandregionswhereZhengHesetfoot，legendshavebeenpassedonaboutthisgreatexplorer.(人物描写)2.ThemenaboardthewarshipUSSArizonastretchedandrubbedtheireyes.(动作描写)教材语料整合美句3.Themenwenttothewashroom，dressedintheiruniformsandsatdowntobreakfast.(动作描写)4.Asbombsthunderedallaround，cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.Russellfelthisbloodfreeze，buthequicklycametohimselfandrusheduptothedeck.(场景＋动作描写)情感细节描写：哭泣(二)拓展语料积累单词1.mistyadj.泪眼模糊的2.wateryadj.眼泪汪汪的3.tearfuladj.眼含热泪的

4.crocodile-tearsn.鳄鱼泪，假哭词块1.beclosetotears快哭了2.withalumpinone’sthroat喉咙哽咽3.eyescloudwithtears泪眼模糊4.tearswellupinone’seyes热泪盈眶5.befilledwith/befulloftears热泪盈眶