2020版高考英语总复习（课标版） 教师用书 教材复习导与练 选修八 8-1Unit 1 A land of diversity

选修八

Unit1Alandofdiversity

Stepl课前准备——单元考点自查自测

L词汇分层级识记过关2.语境活用填写过关3.经典句式

背诵仿写过关4.类词巧积累事半功倍

（一）分门别类攻单词——识形辨意•拓展应用

阅1.hardshipn.困苦;苦难2.percentagen.百分比（率）

读

3.aircraftn.飞行器；飞机人种的；种族的

知4.racialadj.

意5.mournv.哀悼;悼念6.authorityn.权威（力）；（似）当局；官方

词

汇7.miserableadj.痛苦的；悲惨的8.fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的

9.insertvt.插入;嵌入10.illustratevt.说明；阐明

1.bymeans（手段；方法）of2.standforjustice（公平）

3.occur（发生）tosb.4.finditnowhere（至1］处都无）

5.皿f（租用）acar6.brake（杀lj车）suddenly

7.slip（滑倒）down8.educationalreform（改革）

9.grasp（抓住；掌握）thespirit10.aneconomicboom（繁荣）

［词汇拓展］［拓展应用1

1.punishvt.处罚;惩罚fpunishmentn.处罚；惩罚1.ThePresidentandVicePresidentareelectedtogether

2.electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人felectionn.选举everyfouryearsinanationwideelection,（elect）

3.applyvt.申请fapplicantn.申请人—applicationn.2.Themajorityoffreshmenareeagertochange

申请theirmajorsafterenteringcollege,accordingtoa

4.indicate”.标示；指出；表明;暗示findicationn.提示；表recentsurvey,（major）

词

性明3.Apparently,shetooknonoticeoftheapparent

拓

5.distinctadj.清晰的；明显（确）的fdistinctionn.差别；区mistakesintheaccident,（apparent）

展

词分;卓著4.Alltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletter

汇

6.customn.风俗；习惯fcustomern.顾客—customsn.海andatthesametimeshouldhandintheir

关;关税applicationsbeforeMay6th.（apply）

7.majoradj.主要的；主修的〃.主修；专业仇主修；专攻5.Ifacustomerwantstobringthegoodshebuys

-*majorityn.大多数；大半fminorityn.少数abroadbacktoinland,hehastopaysome

8.apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的fapparentlycustomswhenhepassesthroughthecustoms,

adv.显然地；显而易见地（custom）

单复数意义不同的名词2.带后缀-ing的名词3.话题词汇集锦（地理）

①custom（风俗）fcustoms（海关）①crossing十字路口①continent儿陆地；大洲；大陆

②manner（方式）-*manners（礼貌）（Dtraining训练②boundaryn.边界

③paper（纸）fpapers（文件）③feeling感觉③urbanadj.城市的

④art（艺术）farts（文科）④wedding婚礼©mountainousadj.多山的

⑤arm（手臂）farms（武器）©marketing促销⑤altituden.海拔

⑥brain（脑袋）-*brains（脑力）⑥spending花销⑥horizonn.地平线

（二）写用结合记短语——译写短语•语境活用

短语填写语境串记

Inthehistory*theChineseimmigrationinto

1.occurtosb.某人突然想到

Californiadatesbacktothe1850s.①Agood/great

A2.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

manyChinesewenttoCalifornia②bymeansofshipfor

组3.bymeansof用...办法;借助

moneyorjobs.Aftertheirarrival,theyhadto③makea

4.agreat/goodmany许多

lifethere,forwhichtheysufferedalot.

Inthelateryears*①themajorityofimmigrants

1.backtoback背靠背fromChina②teamedupwiththelocalAmericansto

B2.takein吸收；欺骗；理解；包括buildtheirnewhomes.Thehard-workingChinese

组3.themajorityof大多数immigrantsgradually③tookinAmericanEnglishand

4.teamupwith与...合作或一起工作theyworkedhard.Theydidreallymakeagreat

contributiontothedevelopmentofAmerica.

1.applyfor申请;请求得到Nowmanypeoplegoabroad.They①applyforjobs

C2.markout用线画出范围；标出……界线thereaftertheyovercomethedifficultyoflanguages.

组3.keepup坚持;维持;沿袭（风俗;传统等）Foryearstheyhave②keptuptheircustomsto③liveon

4.liveon继续生存;继续存在inothercountries.

日积月累记短语

L“名词+to+名词”短语一览2.'%.+out”结构的短语荟萃3.“v.+iiT结构短语集锦

①hearttoheart心连心地①markout标出...界线①takein包括;欺骗；理解

②backtoback背靠背②workout锻炼②fitin适应；找到时间

③facetoface面对面地③turnout结果是③breakin强行闯入

④mouthtomouth□对口地④cutout删去④cutin插嘴;插队

⑤kneetoknee促膝地⑤makeout理解；辨认出⑤givein屈服；投降

⑥shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地⑥comeout出版；开花⑥turnin上交

（三）仿写活用练句式——经典句型•仿写背诵

经典原句句式归纳仿写造句

1.Thatiswhytoday

over40%of

1.他迷恋电脑游戏，

Californiansspeak

Spanishasafirstor那就是他不得不辍

学的原因。

secondlanguage.Thatiswhy...“那就

这就是今天有超过Heisaddictedto

是为什么……”。

40%的加利福尼亚人computergames,and

把西班牙语作为第thatiswhyhehasto

一或第二语言的原dropoutofschool.

因。

2.1tisbelievedthatItisbelieved2.（2017•江苏卷）在未

beforelongthemixthat...“据认为/相来的一年，中国经济

ofnationalitieswill信……”，其构成有望中速发展。

besogreatthatthere为：It+be+过去分Itishopedthat

willbenodistinct词+that从句。China'seconomyisto

majorracialorgrowatamedium

culturalgroups,butspeedinthecoming

simplyamixtureofyear.

manyracesand

cultures.

人们认为，要不了多

久，多种国籍的混合

将会非常之大，以至

于不可能存在明显

的主要的种族或文

化群体，而只是多种

族和多文化的混合

体。

Step2课堂探究——核心考点点点突破

1.重点难点考点学通练透2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野3.方

法规律技巧权威点拨4.面面俱到打创高效课堂

第一时段Warmingup&Reading

1.majorityn.大多数；大半

［教材原句］OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,the

majoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachthe

Catholicreligiontothenatives.

在首批移居加利福尼亚州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士,

他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。

(l)a/themajorityof...大多数....

inthe/amajority占多数

(2)minorityn.少数

inthe/aminority占少数

(3)majorn.&.V.主修；专业

majorin主修...；以....为专业

单句语法填空

①Whatshehasjustsaiddoesn'tcorrespondwiththeviewsof

the(major).

(2)Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajority

ofthecommitteemembers(be)againstit.

(3)1graduatedfromChongqingNormalUniversityandmajored

informationmanagement.

©Inthegeneralpopulation,right-handedpeopleare

themajority.

［答案］①majority②are③in©in

［方法规律］themajorityof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动

词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集

合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若

集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。

2.electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人

［教材原句］BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethe

thirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadya

multiculturalsociety.

到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是

一个有着多种文化的社会了。

(l)electsb.(as/tobe)+职位

=sb.beelected(as/tobe)+职位(职位前无冠词)

(2)electionn.选举

单句语法填空

①(2015•陕西卷)Besides,Ihavesuchagoodcommandof

EnglishthatI(elect)asassistanttomyEnglishteacher.

②IfIamluckyenoughtowinthe(elect),thefirst

thingIwilldoistoenrichourstudents'after-classactivities.

(3)SomepeoplethoughtthatJoewasluckyenough

(elect)astheteamleader.Butinmyopinion,hewasmore

wisethanlucky.

用elect/choose/select的适当形式填空

©Itisdifficulttobetweentwosuchnicehouses.

⑤Helookedthroughthesuitsandthecheapestone

forme.

⑥TheyfinallymadethedecisiontoMarkastheir

newmonitor.

［答案］①amelected②election③tobeelected④

choose⑤selected⑥elect

［思维发散］choose指在“两个或多个之中”选择其一，其

后通常跟from或betweeno

elect指“通过选举选出“。

select通常是指在“同类事物中选择最好的或最合适的”。

3.liveon继续存在;继续生存；靠...生存

［教材原句］Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrants

liveonintheirnewhome.

移民者的习俗和语言在他们的新家得以延续。

livewith忍受；忍耐

liveupto符合；不辜负

livethrough经历过；经过...之后还活着

liveby...靠...(手段、方式)生活

liveout实践；度过

livea...life过着...的生活

单句语法填空

①Thepoorcoupleliveasmallincome.

②Youhavetolearntolivestress.

(3)Theoldmanlivedsellingvegetables.

④Thelittlegirllivedtheearthquake.

［答案］①on②with③by©through

4.bymeansof通过；用...办法；借助...

［教材原句］Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedthe

BeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridge

whichexistedinprehistorictimes.

科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大

陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

bythismeans用这种方法

byallmeans尽一切办法；务必

bynomeans决不；一点也不(放句首时，句子用部分倒装

语序)

单句语法填空

①I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans

(be)theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.

②Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknown

meansofsigns.

(3)Thisisbymeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.

©Everypossiblemeans(try),andwefind

onlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.

⑤Allpossiblemeans(try),andwefind

onlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.

［答案］①is②by③no④hasbeentried⑤havebeen

tried

［知识顾问］means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若

all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若

every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

5.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生

［教材原句］Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremained

inCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.

有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，

尽管困难重重。

(l)cometolife苏醒；变得活跃

live/leada...life过着...生活

comebacktolife苏醒过来；恢复生气

bring...backtolife使...苏醒过来；给....活力

(2)make/earna/one'sliving谋生

单句语法填空

①TheysettleddowninCanadaandmadelifefor

themselves.

(2)Thevillage,whichhadseemeddeserted,immediatelycame

________life.

(3)Shehadtolookforpart-timejobstheseyearstomakea

________(live).

完成句子

©Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallenging

andyouwilltrytoforyourself.

在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你

会努力习惯新的生活方式。

句型转换

⑤Happyisthemanwhocanmakealivingbyhishobby.

-Happyisthemanwhocanbyhishobby.

［答案］①a②to③living©makealife⑤makealife

6.why引导表语从句

［教材原句］Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCalifornians

speakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.

那就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一

或第二语言的原因。

(l)This/Thatiswhy…这/那就是……的原因。

①Thedeadlineisdrawingnear.weare

verybusy.

最后期限要到了。这就是我们很忙的原因。

(2)This/Thatisbecause…这/那是因为...

②Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.about

seventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约71%都被水

建辛聿

d复皿有O

(3)Thisisthereasonwhy...这就是...的原因；Thereason

why...isthat..........的原因是....，why引导的是定语从句。

③Thereasonthestudentsfavorthebookis

theycancarryitwiththemwherevertheygo.

学生们喜欢这本书的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带

它。

［答案］①That'swhy②That'sbecause③why;that

ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinCalifornia,no

onereallyknows.However,1.____________islikelythat

NativeAmericansmade2.lifethereand

werelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyears

ago.Scientistsbelievethatthesefirstsettlerscrossedthe

BeringStraitintheArctictoAmerica3.___________

meansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.

Inthe16thcentury,afterthe4.___________(arrive)of

Europeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.Thousands

werekilledorforcedintoslavery.However,somesurvived

theseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNative

Americans5.___________(live)inCaliforniathaninany

otherstate.

SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly

16thcentury,6.___________theyfoughtagainstthe

nativepeopleand7.____________(take)theirland.Two

centurieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsof

SouthAmerica.Of8.___________firstSpanishtogoto

California,the9.___________(major)werereligious

men,10.____________ministrywastoteachtheCatholic

religiontothenatives.

［答案］Lit2.a3.by4.arrival5.living6.when

7.took8.the9.majority10.whose

第二时段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage

1.occurvi.发生;出现

［教材原句］Itoccurredtomethathemightbeinterestedin

theproblemwehaddiscussed.

我突然想起他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。

sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事

Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起...

Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事

单句语法填空

①AgoodideaoccurredmewhenIwokeupthis

morning.

②Itoccurredtome(phone)himaboutit.

句型转换

③ItoccurredtomethatIshouldgotoattendameetingwhenI

wasabouttogohome.

—ItoccurredtometoattendameetingwhenIwas

abouttogohome.

［答案］①to②tophone③togo

2.indicatevt.指出;标示;指明，表明；暗示

［教材原句］Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethat

youarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.

尽量使用以上表达方式来表明你在认真地听你的同伴讲话。

(Vindicatesth.tosb.向某人指出某物

indicatethat...示意；表明

(2)indicationn.指示；象征；预示

Thereissome/noindicationthat...

有/无迹象表明...

单句语法填空

©Research(indicate)thatmenfinditeasiertogive

upsmokingthanwomen.

②Therewasno(indicate)thatshehadstolenthe

jewelry.

(3)1askedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshop

oppositeme.

［答案］①indicates②indication③to

3.hiren.&vt.租用；雇用

［教材原句］Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(Peter

andTerri)andhiredacar.

(我)和同住一个旅馆的一对夫妇(彼得和泰莉)合作租了一辆

车。

(l)onhire出租

forhire可供出租

(2)hiresth.out(tosb.)把...租出去(给某人)

单句语法填空

①Therearemanybicycleshireinthisarea.

②Therearethreesmallboatsavailablehire.

③Davidusedtohirehiscarsometimeswhenhe

didn'tneedithimself.

［答案］①on②for③out

4.teamupwith与...合作或一起工作；相称

［教材原句］Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(Peter

andTerri)andhiredacar.

(我)和同住一个旅馆的一对夫妇(彼得和泰莉)合作租了一辆

车。

keepupwith品艮上

catchupwith赶上

putupwith忍受；容忍

endupwith以...结束

单句语法填空

①Jackpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthanteamup

anyoneelse.

②Thecoatandskirtteamverywell,althoughthey

weren'tboughtasaset.

用teamupwith,keepupwith,putupwith和endupwith的

适当形式填空

(3)Shealwaysstaysuplatetostudyinorderto

theothers.

©It'stoodelightfulofyoutobesonicetohim,and

allhistiresomestories.

⑤Thepartyasongthateveryonewasfamiliar

with.

⑥Ineedtoyourfirminabusinessproject.

Couldyouputmethroughtoyourboss?

［答案］①with②up③keepupwith④putupwith

⑤endedupwith⑥teamupwith

5.markout画线；标出...界线；规划

［教材原句］There'safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfor

tourists.

有一个极有吸引力的为旅游者标明的车道。

(l)bemarkedwith...标i己着...；被标上...i己号

markdown记下；减价；打折；给低分

markoff使与众不同；画线分隔；划开

markwith...以...为标记；以...表明

markup提价；涨价

(2)uptothemark达到要求；符合标准

单句语法填空

①Markyourmistakes,andfindoutwhatcausesyou

tomakethesemistakes.

②Thespecialparkingspace(mark)outwithwhite

linesisdesignedforemergencyuse.

③Theysetatrapforhimbyputting(mark)money

intothedrawer.

©Theoldmantreasuredapackage(mark)withthe

namesandthedate.

［答案］①out②marked③marked©marked

6.takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留；改小

［教材原句］It'sa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamous

touristspots.

这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景

点。

写出下列句中takein的含义

①TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,Scotlandand

NorthernIreland.

②Thefarmertookinthelosttravelersforthenight.

③Womenareoftentakeninbyproductsforlosingweight.

④Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheteachersaidinclass.

⑤Itissaidthatblacktakesinmoreheatthanwhite.

⑥ThedresswasbigsoIhadtotakeinatthewaist.

［答案］①包括②留宿；收留③欺骗④理解⑤吸收

⑥改小

Georgearrivedearlyinthemorningbybus.He

wentstraighttothehotelanddroppedhisluggage,then

hewentexplore.Thefirstthingwasarideoncablecar.

FromtopofthehillhegotaspectacularviewofSan

语(FranciscoBayandthecity.Buildingin1873,itissaid

短

境whatthecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrew

文

串Hallidie,whowaswantedtofindabetterformof

改

考transportthanhorse-drawntrams.Apparent,hehad

错

点)beenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidenttooccur,

inwhichatramslippeddownthehilldraggingthe

horseswithit.Therewassomeindicationwaswhy

AndrewHallidiedecidedtodevelopthenewtransport.

Withsomanyexploring,hewasexhaustingandhada

rest.

［答案］

Georgearrivedearlyinthemorningbybus.Hewentstraightto

thehotelanddroppedhisluggage,thenhewentexplore.Thefirst

exploring

thingwasarideonAcablecar.Fromtopofthehillhegota

a

spectacularviewofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.Buildingin

Built

1873,itissaidwhatthecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrew

that

Hallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthan

horse-drawntrams.Apparent>hehadbeenshockedwhenhesawa

Apparently

terribleaccidenttooccur,inwhichatramslippeddownthehill

draggingthehorseswithit.TherewassomeindicationAwaswhy

that

AndrewHallidiedecidedtodevelopthenewtransport.Withso

manyexploring,hewasexhaustingandhadarest.

muchexhausted

Step3课后演练——知识能力链接高考

I.单句语法填空

1.(2018^全国卷^)Formswillbeavailableinschooland

onlineforthem(indicate)theirchoicesandreturnto

school.

［答案］toindicate

2.(2018•全国卷II)HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathis

face,somethingoccurredme.

［答案］to

3.(201)匕京卷)Well,thefutureis(apparent)now.

［答案］apparently

4.(2018•天津卷)But(distinct)thatweresharptous

aschildrenbecomeunclear.

［答案］distinctions

5.Shewas(hire)onthestrengthofhercomputer

skills.

［答案］hired

6.Thefirststepwilltakequitealongtimeandcanbynomeans

be(accomplish)overnight.

［答案］accomplished

7.Twentyheadof(cattle)wereeatinggrasson

thegrasslandwhenawolfcameover.

［答案］cattle

8.Themajorityoftheinterviewees(prefer)

watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.

［答案］prefer

9.—Ihearyou'vebeenlookingforajobrecently.

-Yes，I'mapplyingworkatthelibrary.

［答案］for

10.Anewlawhasbeenbroughtintodiscourage

(race)prejudice.

［答案］racial

n.单句改错

1.Alargepercentageofthishotel'sincomearefromthevisitors

tothelakenearby.

［答案］arefis

2.(2018•北京东城一模)Moresubwaylineswillbebuildingto

maketravellingeasyinBeijinginthecoming

years.

［答案］building-built

3.Emersonwouldalwaystakedownnewideasthatwere

occurredtohim.______________

［答案］去掉were

4.Weexpressourthoughtsinmeansofwordsandbody

language._____________

［答案］in—by

5.Agreatmanyofhouseswereknockeddowninthe

earthquake.___________

［答案］去掉of

6.TheywenttotheWestanddecidedtomakelifethere.

［答案］在make后加a

7.Atthemeeting,youngpeoplewereonthemajority.

［答案］onfin

8.Hewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany,andthenews

came,infact,asasurprise.

［答案］去掉第一个the

9.Weshouldgraspofeverychancetoopenmouthandspeak

English.

［答案］去掉of

10.TherewerealotofpeopleintheparklastSunday.Wehad

everywheretotakearest,sowegottired.

［答案］everywhere—nowhere

in.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子

1.镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计

划。(majority)

theplantobuildaplaygroundforchildren.

［答案］Themajorityofpeopleinthetownstronglysupport

2.唐纳德・特朗普被选为美国总统，实际上，这个消息一传

出来就给了人们一个惊喜。(elect)

DonaldTrump,

andthenewscame,infact,asasurprise.

［答案］waselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStates

3.那就是越来越多的中国人对学英语感兴趣的原因。(why

引导表语从句)

moreandmorepeopleinChinaareinterestedin

learningEnglish.

［答案］That'swhy

4.在很多学校，学生花在做作业上的时间很可能比以前少。

(likely)

，inmanyschools,thestudentsare

goingtospendlesstimeindoinghomeworkthantheyusedto.

［答案］Itislikelythat

5.人们普遍认为约百分之六十的女性在生完孩子后会返回

工作岗位。（it作形式主语）

about60percentofwomenwill

returntoworkafterhavingababy.

［答案］Itisbelievedthat

6.当我们赶到电影院的时候电影已经开始了。（bythetime）

Themoviehadalreadystarted.

［答案］bythetimewearrivedatthetheatre

高考题型分组训练

阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度

（限时:25分钟）

I.阅读理解

A

AteacherfromRelaxKidsinTamworth,theUK,usedtwoapplesto

showherstudentsthedamagingandoftenunseenconsequencesof

bullying.Andherpostaboutthepowerfullessonhasgoneviral.

RosieDuttonexplainedthatduringoneofherclassessheintroduced

tworedapplestothechildren.Whatthekidsdidn'tknowwasthatpriorto

thelesson,Duttonhadrepeatedlydroppedoneoftheapplesonthefloor.

Andyet,ontheoutsideatleast,bothappleslookedperfect."Ipickedup

theappleI'ddroppedonthefloorandstartedtotellthechildrenhowI

dislikedthisapple,andthatIthoughtitwasdisgusting,itwasahorrible

colourandthestemwasjusttooshort,“Duttonwrote.

Shethenencouragedthestudentstodothesame.Someofthe

childrenlookedatherlikeshewas“crazy”,butthestudentspassedthe

applearoundthecircle,callingitnames.

Continuingtheexercise,theteacherthenpassedthesecondapple

aroundthe