群文读与练10- 高三英语一轮复习

太空遮阳伞1Scientistshavefloatedtheideaofusingagiantspace“umbrella”asasolarshield(护罩)toprotecttheEarthfromtoomuchsunlightandhelpreduceglobalwarming.2IstvánSzapudi,anastronomerattheUniversityofHawaiiInstituteforAstronomy,hadthebrightideaoftyingthehugeshieldtoacapturedasteroid(小行星)soitwouldhaveacounterweight(平衡物).ThiswouldpreventitfromfallingbacktotheEarthbecauseoftheforcesofgravityorblowingawayinspace.3Hesaidstudiesusingthisapproachcouldstartnowtocreateaworkabledesignthatcouldreduceclimatechangewithindecades.“InHawaii,manyuseumbrellastoblockthesunlightastheywalkaboutduringtheday.Iwasthinking,couldwedothesamefortheEarthandtherebyreducetheapproachingdisastersofclimatechange?”MrSzapudisaidontheUniversityofHawaii'swebsite.4Inhispaper,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,MrSzapudiexplainedthatoneofthesimplestwaystolowertheglobaltemperatureistoshadetheEarthfromjustasmallpartoftheSun'slight.5Thisideahasbeenthoughtofbefore,butthelargeamountofweightneededtomakeashieldmadeprevioussuggestionstooexpensivetobuild.6MrSzapudifoundthatplacingatiedcounterbalancetowardstheSuncouldreducetheweighttoapproximately3.5milliontonnes—about100timeslighterthanotherideas.UsingtheasteroidwouldpreventhavingtolaunchmostofthemassfromEarth.Withnewer,lightermaterials,theweightoftheshieldcouldbereducedevenfurtheranditwouldbefasterandcheapertobuildandlaunchthanothershielddesigns.7Today'slargestrocketscanonlyliftabout50tonnestolowEarthorbit,soMrSzapudi'ssuggestionwouldstillbequitechallenging.However,hisapproachmakestheideamoreprobable,evenwithtoday'stechnology,whilepriorconceptswerecompletelyunachievable.ReadingCheck1.Whatisthefunctionofthegiantshield?A.Toseeknewasteroids.B.Toflowinspacesteadily.C.Toreduceglobalwarming.D.Toimprovetheforcesofgravity.2.Whatenvironmentalproblemcouldthegiantshieldhelpsolve?A.Climatechange.B.Globalpollution.C.Lowertemperature.D.Unbalancedrockets.3.WhatinspiredMr.Szapudi'sidea?A.Scientistscancaptureasteroidsinspace.B.Peopleuseumbrellastoblockthesunlight.C.Newer,lightermaterialswereinventedrecently.D.Today'stechnologydevelopsmorequicklythanever.4.Whathaspreventedthisscientificsuggestionfrombeingtriedbefore?A.Anasteroid.B.Public'sdoubts.C.Heateddebates.D.Highcosts.LanguageStudyDifficultsentenceinthetextIstvánSzapudi,anastronomerattheUniversityofHawaiiInstituteforAstronomy,hadthebrightideaoftyingthehugeshieldtoacapturedasteroidsoitwouldhaveacounterweight.夏威夷大学天文研究所的天文学家IstvánSzapudi有一个聪明的想法，那就是把巨大的护罩绑在被捕获的小行星上，这样它会有一个平衡物。【点石成金】本句是一个并列句，so连接两个并列分句。1Agroupofclamsrecentlycaughtpeople'sattentionafteranarticlewaspostedbyChinaScienceCommunicationonline.Althoughtheseclamsareusuallyregardedasnothingmorethandeliciousfood,theyworktomonitorthelocalwaterqualityinPoland.2GrubaKaśkapumpingstation,whichstandsintheRiverWisla,helpsprovidemillionsoflitersofwaterforWarsaw,thecapitalofPoland.However,oneparticularconcernforthewaterqualityhasbeenheavymetals,andresearcherssoughthelpfromnaturetosolvethisproblem.3Clamsaresensitivetopollutantsintheirenvironmentastheyfilterwatertofeedonmicroorganisms.Theyshuttheirshellsimmediatelyafterdetecting“dangerous”water.4Basedonthis,researchersselectedeightclamsatatimeandrecordedthenaturalopeningoftheirshells.Aftertheclam“employees”becomeaccustomedtothelocalwater,theyareplacedinaspeciallydesignedcontainer.Withsensorsstuckontotheirshells,theclamsareconnectedtoasystemthatrecordshowwidetheshellsareopen.Iffourormoreclamsclosetheirshellsatthesametime,analarmwillbetriggeredandthewatersupplywillbeshutdown.Theresultisreliablebecausethecreaturesareconsideringmanydifferentfactorsatthesametime,accordingtoZMEScience.5Animalshavelongbeenhelpersforhumanactivities.FarmersinnorthQueensland,Australia,havebeenorderingdifferentspeciesofdungbeetlestohelpcleanupcattledung,accordingtoABCNews.Asthenumberofcattlegrows,theirwasteincreases,leadingtoanenormouspopulationoffliesandaworseningenvironment.Dungbeetles,however,takethewasteandburyit.Thisway,theyhelpimprovesoilquality.6Similarly,cockroachesareusedtodealwithkitchenwasteatseveralfirmsinChina,accordingtoareportofTheBeijingNewsin2018.About300millioncockroachesarefed15tonsoffoodwasteonadailybasis,andtheythemselvesareagoodproteinresourceforlivestock.ReadingCheck1.Whydidresearchersturntonatureforhelp?A.Tosolvethefoodshortage.B.Todetectheavymetalssooner.C.Toimprovethewaterquality.D.Toattractpeople'sattention.2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thereasonforthestudy.B.Theresultoftheresearch.C.Thepurposeofthestudy.D.Theprocessofthestudy.3.Howcandungbeetleshelpfarmers?A.Bydealingwithcattle'swasteproperly.B.Bycleaningupfoodwasteregularly.C.Bydigestingandburyingthewasteofflies.D.Byusingkitchenwastetoimprovesoilquality.4.Whichstatementcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?A.Threekindsofamazinganimals.B.Animals,goodhelpersofhumans.C.Aspecialwaytotestwaterquality.D.Animals,farmorethantastyfood.LanguageStudyⅠ.Text-centeredchunksnothingmorethan只不过；仅仅seekhelp寻求帮助besensitiveto对……敏感atatime一次becomeaccustomedto习惯于……；适应……cleanup清理；清除leadto导致onadailybasis每天Ⅱ.DifficultsentenceinthetextWithsensorsstuckontotheirshells,theclamsareconnectedtoasystemthatrecordshowwidetheshellsareopen.蚌壳上粘贴的传感器将河蚌与记录蚌壳开启程度的系统连接到一起。【点石成金】本句中，Withsensors...shells是with的复合结构；that引导的是定语从句，先行词为asystem；how引导的是宾语从句。米娜餐厅的第一语言1Mina'sRestaurantintheSongzhuangsuburbofBeijingisdistinctivenotonlyforitsimpressivelyquietatmosphereandfrequentlyseenartistsbutforitsdeafwaiters.2SignlanguageisthefirstlanguageatMina'sRestaurant,andeventhoughmostemployeesaredeaf,therestaurantrunsingoodorderservingSichuan-styledishes.Since2008whenitfirstopened,Mina'sRestauranthasprovidedjobsformorethan60hearing-impairedpeople,whichhelpstosolvetheproblemofdeafpeople'semployment.3Theownersareacouplewithkindhearts—MiNaandSuQing.SuwasaTVdirectorandhadmadeadocumentaryfilmcalledTheAgeofSignLanguage,withMi,hiswife.Miusedtobeacostumedesignerandartauctioneer.Sheisnowacooktaughtbyherfather.“SuQingandIhavedoneawiderangeofjobs,butshootingfilmsanddocumentariesiswhatweenjoyandkeepdoinginoursparetime,”Misaid.Itlaterbecamethereasonforopeningtherestaurant.4“It'salongstory,”Mirecalled,describingtheexperienceofSu'seldestbrother,whobecamedeafasaresultofdrugmisusewhenhewasyoung.Hisparentscouldnotpayenoughattentiontotheboyafterhelosthishearing.Theyhadnoideahowtoraiseadeafchild.Su,however,remainedongoodtermswithhisbrother,andevenlearnedsignlanguagebyhimself,whichenabledhimtounderstanddeafpeople.5Heremainedcuriousaboutthesilentworld,sowhenhelatergotthechancetoshootadocumentary,heimmediatelydecidedtomakeoneaboutthisuniquegroupofpeople,andTheAgeofSignLanguagewasborn.“AtthattimeIwasyoungandboldenoughtotryanythingnewinBeijing,soImadeupmymindtoopenarestaurant,”Misaid.“IhadneverthoughtabouthiringdeafemployeesuntilSuproposedtheidea.”6Thecouplebelievedartistswouldbethemajorityoftheircustomers,asmanyofthemliveinSongzhuang.“Artistsseemmoretolerantofothers,soIacceptedhisidea,”Misaid.Whentherestaurantwasopenedin2008,theyhadonlyfourdeafwaiters.Overthepast14years,around60deafpeoplehaveworkedthere.ReadingCheck1.WhyisMina'sRestaurantuniqueinBeijing?A.Itisownedbyartists.B.Itemploysdeafwaiters.C.Itrunsingoodorder.D.ItservesSichuan-styledishes.2.WhatcanweknowaboutMina'sRestaurantaccordingtothetext?A.Employeesofitarealldeaf.B.Itprovidesjobsfordeafpeople.C.Itmadepeopleunderstandthedeaf.D.Employeesofitallusesignlanguage.3.WhatinspiredSuQingtomakeadocumentary?A.Hisloveforcooking.B.HisjobasaTVdirector.C.Hisinterestinartauctions.D.Hiscuriosityaboutthesilentworld.4.WhatisMI’sattitudetotheideaofhiringdeafemployees?A.Uncaring.B.Negative.C.Supportive