北京市西城区2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题

PAGEPAGE13北京市西城区2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题本试卷共13页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)I.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanthinktheweatherwillbelikeintheafternoon?A.Cloudy. B.Rainy. C.Sunny.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inacinema. C.Inasupermarket.3.Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?A.Tostudyfurther. B.Togetexperience. C.Tofindanewjob.4.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Tobookaservice. B.Toaskaboutadelivery.C.Toarrangeameeting.其次节:（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Whatisthewoman?A.Abusdriver. B.Acollegestudent. C.Ashopassistant.6.Howmuchwillthewomansavewithadiscount?A.50dollars. B.30dollars. C.20dollars.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.WhichagegroupcanapplyfortheholidayEnglishcourses?A.10to13. B.13to16. C.16to19.8.WhyaretheteenagersputwiththeEnglishfamilies?A.Tohavethembetterfollowcollegerules.B.Tohelpthemreducetheirlivingexpenses.C.TogivethemmorechancestolearnEnglish.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whatmakesafilmgreat.B.Whichfilmtheyprefer.C.Howafilmismade.10.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotogetherthisweekend?A.Gotoatheatre.B.Workonareport.C.Watchafilmonline.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，依据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。TipstoStayHealthyDuringChallengingTimesMaintainaroutineYouwillfeelbetterand11betterwhenyoufollowaroutine.12Itisatreatmentfordepressionandanxiety.Youcancertainlybenefitmentallyandphysicallyfromit.Spendingtimeina13environmentappearstobeaneffectivewaytoreducestress.14Dosomethingyouenjoy—15,baking,oronlineshopping.II.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，驾驭其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

WhenItriedoutforthefootballteamduringthesummerbefore9thgrade,Ineverimaginedhowimportantthissportwouldbecomeinmylife.Footballisa16sport,attimesalmostpainful,andpracticesreally17ateam’sphysicalandmentallimits.Withouttrustinmyownabilityandastrongsenseofcommitment(投入),Iwouldneverhavemanagedtocontinueafteryearsofhardworkasaplayer,andwithcountless18.19thatgavemeagreatsenseofachievement.Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.Iwasprohibitedfromanyphysicalactivitiesforsixmonths.Aftergoing20aseriesofphysicaltreatments,Ireturnedtothefieldasateamcaptain.Ipracticedharderthanevertomakeupformy21InSeptember,duringmyjunioryear,mynamewasmentionedinthelocalnewspaperasthekeydefensivelinemenontheteam.Afterplayingafantasticseason,Iwasgiventhe22ofMostValuablePlayer.23,myskillsinfootballdonotmagicallyextendtoothersports.Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.Ihadtohavefour24.SinceIcouldnotusemyrightarmfortwomonths,Ihadtolearnhowtowriteandeatusingmylefthand.

25lifemustgoon.Iknewthatmyownpresenteffortswoulddecidemyfuture,soI26thestricttrainingprogramtobuildstrengthandimproveflexibilityinmy27.Afteraneight-monthrecovery,Iwasbackoutonthefieldplayingfootball,thesportI28.Inthissense,theworldoffootballhastaughtmeanimportantlifelesson:29andcommitmentmakewhatseemsimpossible30.ThislessonfromfootballisonethatIknowtranslatesthrougheverypartoflife.16.A.tough B.popular C.typical D.dynamic17.A.set B.control C.test D.require18.A.mistakes B.adventures C.accidents D.injuries19.A.performance B.position C.moment D.advantage20.A.with B.over C.through D.into21.A.valuable B.lost C.extra D.regular22.A.pride B.choice C.name D.honor23.A.Unfortunately B.Similarly C.Happily D.Gradually24.A.practices B.tryouts C.seasons D.operations25.A.But B.Or C.So D.And26.A.examined B.changed C.provided D.completed27.A.shoulder B.hand C.leg D.foot28.A.explore B.avoid C.love D.support29.A.Knowledge B.Belief C.Experience D.Opinion30.A.enjoyable B.possible C.sensible D.responsibleIII.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABigProblems,SimpleSolutionsInventionsareimprovinghealthandwell-beingincommunitiesaroundtheworld.SpeakersatrecentTEDeventshavesharedsimpleandinexpensivesolutionsthatcansolveeverydayproblems.FUELBRIQUETTES（燃料砖）Inthedevelopingworld,smokefromindoorcookingkillsmorethan2millionchildreneachyear.Infact,it’sthenumberonecauseofdeathofchildrenunderfive.AmySmith,founderofD-LabattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),discoveredawaytomakeasafecookingfuel.Thematerialsheusesisalsofreeandplentiful:farmwaste.Smithinventedalow-costdevicethatturnsfarmwasteintofuelbriquettes.Thesebriquettesproducesmokethatislessdangerousthanthesmokefromotherfuel.Theyalsoburnhotterandlastlonger.Farmerscanmakethesebriquettesfromreadilyavailablewaste.Thisinventionhasaneconomicbenefit,too.Farmerscanbuythedevicefor$2andsellbriquettestheydon’tuse.Smithestimates(估算)thatthiscanincreaseafarmer’sincomeby$500amonth.DISASTERSHELTERS Over31millionpeopleworldwidelosetheirhomeseveryyearduetonaturaldisasterssuchashurricanesandearthquakes.Afterthesedisasters,manypeopleliveinterribleconditions—intentsorinlargestadiumswithnoprivacy.GraphicdesignerMichaelMcDanielinventedinexpensiveandtemporaryhousingforpeopleinthesesituations.CalledtheReactionEx,thesesheltersaresmall,one-roomhousesthatcomfortablyholduptofourpeople.They’remadefromaplasticthatisstrong,recyclable,andsuperlight.Infact,they’resolightthattheycanbeliftedbyhandandareveryportableaswell.McDanielhopesthathisinventionwillprovideanaffordablesolutiontohelppeoplerebuildtheirlivesafteranaturaldisaster.31.Thekeygoaltoinventthefuelbriquettesisto________.A.increasefamilyincomeB.makefulluseoffarmwasteC.getfreeandplentifulcookingfuelD.protectkidsfromdangerouscookingsmoke32.Whatarethefeaturesofdisastershelters?A.Lightandaffordable. B.Heavyandrecyclable.C.Bigandcomfortable. D.Smallandbreakable.33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplaindesignmethods. B.Tointroducenewinventions.C.Toreportresearchfindings. D.Toadvertiselatestproducts.BCompassionmaybesomethingthatoneisbornwith,butactuallybeinggoodatcaringforothersrequiresexperienceandacertainsetofskills.AnearlyopportunitytodevelopandpracticetheseskillscamewiththebirthofmybrotherwhenIwasin5thgrade.Althoughittookgreatpatiencetodealwithasmallchild,Ifounddeepjoyinsomethingsosimpleaswatchinghimgrowdaybyday.

NotonlydidIenjoytakingcareofmylittlebrother,butIvolunteeredattheOrganizationforSpecialNeedsFamilies(OSNF)inmyneighborhoodsoIcouldapplyandfurtherdevelopmychildcareskills.IwaspartneredwithMatthew,a10-year-oldwithcurlyblondhairandblueeyes.Hedidn’tlookdifferentfromotherkids,buthehaddifficultycontrollinghisemotions,especiallyanger.Hisbiggestproblemwasthathecouldn’tgotothetoilethimself.EverydayIhadtocleanuphismessifhepoopedinhispants.Itwasjustlikethe“goodolddays”withmylittlebrotherbeforeIsuccessfullytoilet-trainedhim.

AlthoughIwasnevergoingtobeabletotoilet-trainMatthew,Iwasabletochangehislifeinanotherway.Wehadswimmingthreetimesaweek,butMatthewwashopelesslyafraidofthewater.Atfirst,Matthewjustsatonthestepsofthepoolanddidnothing.Ipushedhimslowlydownthestairsuntilhewasatlaststandingintheshallowestpartofthepool.Thenextday,Ipushedhimalittlefurtherintothewater.Bythethirdday,hecompletelytrustedmetotakehimintothepool.Maybemylargesizealsohelpedgivehimasenseofsecurity.Hedidnothavetobeafraidofanythingwhena200-poundguywasholdinghimtight.IfeltsoproudasIsawhimstandingthereinthepool,happilyplayingwithotherkidsinthewater.TheOSNFadultleaderstoldmethatIwastheonlyvolunteerwhohadbeenabletotakecareofMatthewwell.IthinkwhatmadethedifferenceisthebeliefIhadinMatthew,likehowIhadalwaysbelievedinmylittlebrother.HelpingMatthew“grow”toovercomehisfearofwatermademerealizethingsdonothappenovernight.Realmagicisaresultofpatience,andmiracleshappenwhenonebelievesinthem.34.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttakingcareofhisbrother?A.Tired. B.Joyful. C.Proud. D.Stressed.35.TheauthorvolunteeredatOSNFbecausehewantedto________.A.useandimprovehischildcareskillsB.createafriendlyneighborhoodC.changethelivesofotherkidsD.getsomeworkexperience36.Withtheauthor’shelp,Matthewfinallycould________.A.controlhisemotions B.playwithhisfriendsC.poopinthetoilet D.standinthepool37.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmatteredmostwhenhehelpedMatthew“grow”?A.Hislargesizeandstrongbody.B.Hisexperienceandknowledge.C.HispatienceandtrustinMatthew.D.Hiswillingnesstotakecareofhisbrother.C SocialNetworkingSites:AreTheyChangingHumanCommunication?ItishardlynewsthatpeopleareusingtheInternettocommunicatewithothersmoreandmore.Somepeoplefearthatsomedaywewillnolongerfeeltheneedtotalktooneanotherfacetoface.However,somerecentstudiessuggestthatpeoplecommunicate,orstayintouch,evenmorethantheyusedto.Whicheversideyoufallon,whatisclearandwithoutadoubtisthathumancommunicationhaschangedinthe21stcentury.Butresultsofrecentscientificstudiesmayhaveusreconsiderjusthowmuchournewcommunicationformshavechangedourworld.InJune2008,aBritishpsychiatrist,HimanshuTyagi,warnedthatcommunicatingonsocialnetworkingsitescouldhaveanegativeeffectonthegenerationofpeoplebornafter1990.ThisgenerationhasneverknownaworldwithouttheInternet.TyagisaysthatthesepeopleusetheInternettocommunicatewithotherssomuchthattheymayhavetroubleformingrealrelationships.TyagiisconcernedthatpeoplemaystartandendrelationshipsovertheInternet.DescribingtheInternethesaid,“It’saworldwhereeverythingmovesfastandchangesallthetime,whererelationshipsarequicklyendedattheclickofamouse.”Anotherpsychologist,Dr.AricSigman,warnedofthephysicaleffectsthatcomewithusingsocialnetworkingsites.Hesuggeststhatthereductionintheamountoftimewespendinteracting(互动沟通)withpeoplefacetofacecouldhavebiologicaleffectsonthehumanbody.Theresultsofhisstudysuggestthat,withoutrealpersonalinteraction,thebodydoesnotreactthesamewayitwouldifpeopleweremeetingfacetoface.Asaresult,immuneresponses,evenhormonelevels,canbechanged.Thesechangesmayleadtothedevelopmentofillnesses,suchascancer.Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.Theresultsofonestudyshowthatusingsocialnetworkingsiteshasincreasedtheself-esteem(自尊心)ofyoungadults.Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.Inadditiontoscientificstudies,therearemanywhofeelthatthebenefitsofsocialnetworkingsitesoutweighthepossiblenegativesides.Manypeople,especiallythosewhospendalotoftimeathome,forvariousreasons,findtheInternetalifeline.Theyareabletocommunicatewithmanypeopleusingthesesites.Perhapsthekeytothisnewcommunicationstyleisself-controlandcommonsense.IfsomeonespendsallofhistimeontheInternet,andneveractuallyseesfriendsfacetoface,thatseemslikeanunhealthywaytolive.ButifsomeonespendstimeontheInternet,someofwhichisspentarrangingmeetingsfor“real”timetogether,thenitseemsalmostcomplementary(互补的).Balanceisthekeytokeepingcommunicationaliveandwellinthe21stcentury.38.WhichofthefollowingideasmayHimanshuTyagiagreewith?A.Socialnetworkingsitesharmpeopleofallages.B.TheInternetweakensyoungpeople’srelationships.C.TheuseoftheInternetimprovespeople’simmunesystem.D.Theonlineworldpushespeopletoliveafasterandbetterlife.39.WhatisDr.AricSigman’smajorconcernaboutusingsocialnetworkingsites?A.Itwillstoptheface-to-faceinteraction.B.Itreducestheself-esteemofyoungadults.C.Itmaycausesomeserioushealthproblems.D.Itmakespeoplefeellessconnectedwithothers.40.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweigh”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Aregreaterthan. B.Areheavierthan.C.Aremoreeffectivethan. D.Aremoredifficultthan.41.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?A. B.C. D.CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点）C:ConclusionDAttheheartofpsychologyisunderstandingbehavior,andunderstandingbehaviorhasmuchtodowithunderstandingthebrain.Neuroscientists(神经系统科学家)havebecomemoreefficientatmappingthebrainandhavegainedmoreunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandworks.Truly,differencesinbehaviorasweageandbetweengenders,aremostlikelyexplainedbythephysicalstateofandchangesinourbrains. Aroundtheageof12,itisbelievedthattheareasofthebrainthatareusedmostwillbestrengthenedandcellsinthebrainthatarenotusedtendtodie.Whatyoudowithyourbraininyourteenyearsprobablydecideshowyourbrainwillworkfortherestofyourlife.IfateenspendsendlesshourswatchingTV,theneuralconnectionsthathelpthebrainprocessTVarewhatwillbestrengthened.Itisclear,therefore,thathowyoungpeoplespendtheirtimeisofgreatimportance. Surprisingly,anddifferentfromearlierbeliefs,thebrainisstilldevelopingevenintheearlytwenties.Areasofthebrainthatarerelatedtoemotion,decisionmaking,reasoning,andproblemsolvingarestillnotfullydeveloped.Thismaygosomewaytowardexplainingwhycaraccidentratesinyoungpeoplearesignificantlyhigherthanthoseamongolderpeople.Youngpeopledon’thavethenecessaryskillstomakecomplexjudgmentswhiledriving. Therearealsodifferencesinthewaybrainsdevelopwhenitcomestogender.Itappearsthatgirlsarereadytoprocessmorechallenginginformationearlierthanboys,withtheareaofthebrainresponsibleforthisactivitypeakingattheageof14to16inboys,afulltwoyearslaterthangirls.Inaddition,studieshaveshownthatgirlsandboysprocesslanguageinputindifferentpartsoftheirbrains.Girlstypicallytendtodobetterthanboysinlanguage,whichmeansthattheyhavemorebrainmatterresponsibleforlanguageskills. Thiskindofresearchraisesimportantquestionsabouthowboysandgirlsshouldbetaughtinschooltomaximize(使最大化)theirlearning.Forexample,theideaofsingle-sexeducationshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsideration.Expertssaythatwewoulddowelltorevisitthetimingofthesubjectstaughtinschool,assomepartsofthebraindevelopbeforeothers.Additionally,whatweunderstandabouttheteenagebrainshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsiderationwhenlawsarebeingmadewithregardtotheminimum(最低的)drivingage.42.Accordingtothepassage,youngpeoplearemorelikelytohavecaraccidentsbecause_______.A.theyfailtorealizetheimportanceofskillsB.theydon’thavethenecessaryskillsindrivingC.certainareasintheirbrainsarenotfullydevelopedD.theirbrainstendtobeinfluencedbytheiremotions43.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Earlierbeliefsshowthebrainisstilldevelopingintheearlytwenties.B.C.D.Gendermakesnodifferencewhenitcomestothephysicalstateofthebrain.44.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.single-sexeducationmaybenefitteenagersB.thetimewhenschoolstartsshouldbeputoffC.lawmakerswilllowertheminimumdrivingageD.thenumberofsubjectsinschoolmightbechanged45.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AgeandtheBrain B.GendersandtheBrainC.MappingtheBrain D.TheDevelopingBrain第Ⅱ卷（共65分）I.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子,每个单词只能用一次。contributionconfidentrelieveinspireindependentrepresentsatisfaction46.Itisveryimportantforcollegestudentstolearntolive______andmanagetimeappropriately.47.Redisacolorwhichusually______goodluckandhappinessinChineseculture.48.ZhongNanshanwonthehighesthonorofthecountrybecausehehadmadegreat______.49.______50.Paul’sexperiencewasdefinitely______andmanyteensfollowedhisexample.51.Naturally,shypeoplemightnothaveenough______tostartupconversationswithstrangers.52.Thecoachseemsquite______withtheplayers’wonderfulperformanceinthecompetition.II.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

53.Theyreachedanisland___________isfamousforavarietyofplants.54.Shedidn’tlikehorsebackridingbecauseshewas___________(scare)ofbeingthrownoffthehorse.55.Thisisthescientist___________achievementsarewellknown.56.___________isdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.57.Theexpertsaretryingtheirbesttofindoutways___________(solve)theproblem.58.Myfriend___________hasmadefantasticprogressinEnglishwillgiveussometipsonEnglishlearning.59.___________(protect)theendangeredanimals,thegovernmenthassetupsomenaturereserves.60.Inthelastfewyears,manyhigh-speedrailsystems___________(build)inChina.61.Dr.Smithsaidhe___________(give)aspeechonhowtoreducestressthenextweek.62.TheDragonBoatFestival___________(celebrate)onthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth.III.完成句子（共5小题;第63、64题每题2分,第65、66、67题每题3分,共13分）依据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。63.Joe正努力在数学方面跟上其他同学。（keepupwith）________________________________________________________________64.她确定报名参与一个艺术社团。（signup）________________________________________________________________65.假如不放弃，你的努力会得到回报。（payoff）________________________________________________________________66.你最好写下这个号码，以免遗忘。（incase）________________________________________________________________67.一进教室，一幅画就吸引了我的目光。（catchone’seye）________________________________________________________________IV.阅读表达（共4小题;每小题2分,共8分）阅读下面的短文和问题，依据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清晰，结构正确，书写工整。Ialwaysdreamedofpullingoffthesurpriseprank(玩笑)ofalifetime.Well,thankstoalittledetermination,someluck,andthepoweroflove,mydreambecameareality.MyfamilyisCanadian,althoughmysisterstudiedinAustralia.ShewasgraduatingjustbeforeChristmas,butbecausemyschoolschedulewasbusy,Iwouldnotbeabletomakeitdownintimeforhergraduation.Shewasunderstandablydisappointed,andIfeltguiltythatIcouldn’tbethereforheronthismostspecialoccasion.WhileIwastalkingtomyteachertheweekbeforethebigevent,ImentionedthatIwouldbemissingmysister’sgraduation.Surprisingly,shecommented,“Well,ifyouwanttogo,Ihavenoproblemwithit,sogoahead!”Icouldn’tbelievemyluck!Inearlyjumpedforjoy.Immediately,Icalled