北京卷03-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷（解析版）

2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷三（北京卷）本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：学问运用（共两节，30分）第一节完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。(2023届北京市丰台区高三一模)Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedinitthateveryone____1____hispassionforsports.Healsodevelopeda____2____attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.“Mom,Iwantasocceruniform,hebeggedhismother.“OK,”saidhismother,“butyouneedtohave___3___.”Thedayspassedby,buthegotno___4___fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.However,Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowtoachieveitasearlyaspossible.Asparklingideastruckhismind.Hecould___5___oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded(责怪)?Thoughanxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheT-shirt.Healsotook___6___toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit.Itwasaremarkablepieceofwork.“Jerry!Whatareyoudoing?”hismothersuddenlyappeared.“Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,Ithought.”Hewas___7___tofacehismother.Butoutofhisexpectation,hismother____8____himforhisworkignoringthemistake.ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.“It’sOK,”saidMom.“Ifwehadfulfilledyoureverywant,yourinborn____9____wouldhavebeenhidden.Youwouldn’thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.Thataddstoyour_____10_____toachieveyourgoal,”shesaid.“Thankyou,Mom.”Heranplayfully.1.A.controlled B.sensed C.supported D.expected2.A.thirsty B.realistic C.cautious D.selfish3.A.confidence B.motivation C.inspiration D.patience4.A.decision B.response C.judgment D.recognition5.A.purchase B.exchange C.paint D.sew6.A.interest B.energy C.courage D.care7.A.eager B.surprised C.afraid D.relieved8.A.appreciated B.blamed C.rewarded D.thanked9.A.taste B.fondness C.talent D.fear10.A.willpower B.honesty C.responsibility D.tolerance【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C6.D7.C8.A9.C10.A【解析】本位为一篇记叙文。叙述了Jerry宠爱足球竞赛，因此想要得到一件足球服，但是妈妈答应他后，很长时间都没有兑现，因此他就在一件T恤上画画来设计自己的足球服。被妈妈发觉了，妈妈夸奖了他为此付出的努力。1考查动词词义辨析。句意：他如此沉醉于竞赛，以至于每个人都感受到了他对运动的宠爱。A.controlled把握；B.sensed感受到；C.supported支持；D.expected期望。依据前文“Jerrywassoabsorbedinit”可知，Jerry如此沉醉于这次竞赛，因此四周的人都感受到了他对运动的宠爱，故选B。2考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他也渴望得到一件足球服。A.thirsty渴望的；B.realistic现实的，真实的；C.cautious谨慎的，当心的；D.selfish自私的。依据前文“hispassionforsports”可知，他宠爱运动，因此他对得到一件足球服产生了渴望的态度，故选A。3考查名词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈说道：“好的，但是你需要有急躁”。A.confidence信念；B.motivation动力；C.inspiration灵感，鼓舞；D.patience急躁。依据前文“Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.”可知，无论他想要什么，都会让父母马上给他买，故此处他妈妈答应给他买球服，但要求他要有急躁，故选D。4考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是几天过去了，他的父母没有任何回应。A.decision打算；B.response回应；C.judgement评论，推断；D.recognition辨认，识别。依据后文“Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.”可知，他的幻想好像要破灭了，故此处表示没有从父母那里得到任何回应，故选B。5考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可以在他的一件T恤上画，画出一件球服，但是他又担忧妈妈看到会责怪他。A.purchase购买；B.exchange交换；C.paint画画；D.sew缝。依据后文““Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,Ithought.””的提示可知，此处表示他可以自己在一件T恤上作画，故选C。6考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也很当心地避开颜色染到另一面。A.interest爱好；B.energy能量；C.courage士气；D.care当心，护理。依据空后“toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit.”可知，此处指他很当心地作画，故选D。7考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不敢面对他的妈妈。A.eager渴望的；B.surprised惊异的；C.afraid可怕的；D.relieved如释重负的。依据前文“Hecould___5___oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded(责怪)?”可知，他担忧他的母亲会责怪他，故此处表示他可怕面对他的母亲，故选C。8考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是出乎意料的是，他的母亲嘉奖了他，且没有在意这个错误。A.appreciated观赏，感谢；B.blamed责怪；C.rewarded嘉奖，奖赏；D.thanked感谢。依据后文“ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.”可知，她很观赏儿子在T恤上画画的这个想法，故选A。9考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如我们完全满足了你想要的一切，你内在的天赋就会被埋没。A.taste品尝；B.fondness宠爱；C.talent天赋；D.fear可怕。依据空后的“wouldhavebeenhidden”可知，此处指天赋会被埋没，故选C。10考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也就增加了你实现目标的毅力。A.willpower毅力，意志力；B.honesty诚恳；C.responsibility责任；D.tolerance急躁，忍耐力。依据前文“Youwouldn’thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.”可知，此处指这些事就增加了实现目标的毅力，故选A。其次节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)A阅读下面短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIwassevenyearsold,Icaughtacoldandhadtostayathome.Myparentshadtowork,somyneighborcameovertolookafterme.Shereadmanydifferentbookstome____11____(patient),includingadventuressetinancienttimes,travelstories,familydramas,historicalnovels,etc.Tomyjoy,____12____(listen)toeachbookmademefeellikewatchingamovie,butbetterbecausebooksgavemuchmoredetailsthanmovies.Shestartedmyinterestinreading.Nextyear,aftergraduatingfromcollege,I____13____(have)ajobteachingEnglish.IhopethatIcantransfertheloveofreadingtomystudents.【答案】11.patiently12.listening13.willhave##amgoingtohave【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读爱好。11考查副词。句意：她急躁地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。12考查非谓语动词。句意：让我兴奋的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，由于书比电影供应了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。13考查时态。句意：明年，高校毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。依据时间状语Nextyear可知，用一般将来时。故填willhave/amgoingtohave。B阅读下面短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。BeijingOlympicPark,also____14____(know)astheOlympicGreen,islocatedinChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,withatotallandareaof11.59squarekilometers.ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”isthecenterpieceofthepark,____15____theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.TheNationalAquaticsCenteror“WaterCube”hostedtheswimming,divingandsynchronizedswimmingevents.Itwastransformed____16____the“IceCube”forthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicandParalympicGames,anddetachablecurlingtrackswerebuiltontheswimmingpooltohostcurlingevents.【答案】14.known15.where16.into##to【解析】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。14考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。依据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语BeijingOlympicPark与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。15考查定语从句。句意：有名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。依据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。16考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建筑了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶竞赛。依据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，转变为”，表达为betransformedinto/to。故填into/to。C阅读下面短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WorldEnvironmentDay(WED)isadayweallneedtoputinour____17____(diary).IthappensonJune5everyyearandshouldbeoneofthemostimportantdaysoftheholidaycalendar.WED____18____(create)in1972bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn’tsuchabigissuebackthen.Butitisoneofthehottesttopicsintheworldtoday.WEDhelpsraiseworldwideawarenessofthethreatstoourenvironment.____19____peoplecandothatdayistostartchanginglifestylestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Manyenvironmentalagenciesorganizeeventsbasedondifferentthemeseachyear.Theseeventsencouragebothgovernmentsandlocalcommunitiestoworktogether____20____(handle)environmentalproblems.【答案】17.diaries18.wascreated19.What20.tohandle【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。17考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，依据形容词性物主代词our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。18考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。依据时间状语in1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填wascreated。19考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开头转变生活方式来削减碳脚印     。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。20考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓舞政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填tohandle。其次部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023届北京市东城区高三一模）Everyyear,young,talented,andambitiousnatureconservationistsfromallovertheworldshoottheirshotfortheFutureForNature(FFN)Award,anhonorableinternationalaward.TheFutureForNatureaimsto:·Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.·Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.·Helpwinnerstoraisetheirprofile,extendtheirprofessionalnetworkandstrengthentheirfundingbasis.Benefits·Thewinnerseachreceive50,000eurosandmaymaketheirowndecisiontospendthemoneyintheserviceofnatureconservation.·FFNoffersthewinnersaplatformandbringstheirstoriestotheattentionofconservationists,financiersandawideaudience,allowingthemtoincreasetheirimpactandgainmoreaccesstofunds.·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners,dedicatedpeoplewhoformacommunityofpeoplewiththesameinterest.FFNoffersthemtheopportunitytomeeteachotherandcontinuetolearnwitheachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.QualificationsThecandidate：·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.·Isabletoexplainhis/herconservationworkinfluentEnglish(writtenandspoken)·Hasachievedsubstantialandlong-termbenefitstotheconservationstatusofoneormoreanimalorplantspecies.·Mustbedeterminedtocontinuehis/herconservationwork,astheawardaimstostimulatethewinner’sfuturework.Itisnotan“endofcareer”prize.AdditionalRemarksForthe2023FutureForNatureAward,weareagainsearchingfornaturalleaders,whohaveproventhattheycanmakeadifferenceinspecies’survival.Fromallapplications,6to10nominees(被提名者)willbeselected.Theseapplicantswillbeaskedtoprovideadditionalinformation,whichwillbeusedtoselectthefinalawardees.Ultimately,threeinspiringwildlifeheroesareselectedasthewinners.ApplicationProcess:ApplyonlinethroughtheApplyNowlink.ApplicationDeadline:May1st,2023.21.WhichisoneoftheaimsoftheFutureForNature?A.Toaidmoregreengroups. B.Tofundacademiceducation.C.Toinspireconservationefforts. D.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness.22.Thewinnerswillgetthechanceto________.A.consulttopspecialists B.meetlike-mindedpeopleC.benefitthelocalcommunity D.promoteself-createdplatforms23.Toapplyforthe2023FutureForNatureAward,candidatesmust________.A.meettheagerequirement B.applyviamailbythedeadlineC.turnintheapplicationinEnglish D.provideadditionalpersonalinformation【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍自然的将来奖(FFN)的目的，好处，资格和申请候选人等相关信息。21细节理解题。依据小标题TheFutureForNatureaimsto:中的“·Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.(嘉奖和资助在爱护野生动植物物种方面做出突出努力的个人)”和“·Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.(激励获奖者保持他们的敬业精神)”可知，FFN的目标之一是激励爱护工作，故选C。22细节理解题。依据小标题TheFutureForNatureaimsto:中的“·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners,dedicatedpeoplewhoformacommunityofpeoplewiththesameinterest.FFNoffersthemtheopportunitytomeeteachotherandcontinuetolearnwitheachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.(FFN正在建立一个不断壮大的赢家家庭，由具有相同爱好的人组成一个社区。FFN为他们供应了彼此见面的机会，并连续相互学习，以便尽可能高效和有效地连续为自然而战)”可知，获胜者将有机会生疏志同道合的人。故选B。23细节理解题。依据小标题Qualifications中的“Thecandidate:·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.(候选人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前诞生)”可知，要申请2023年自然将来奖，候选人必需符合年龄要求。故选A。B(2023届北京市石景山区高三一模)Imagineasimplebloodtestthatcouldflagmostkindsofcancersattheearliest,mostcurablestage.Liquidbiopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor(肿瘤)wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.Bloodtestscouldavoidtheneedforsurgeonstocuttissuesamplesandmakeitpossibletorevealcancerhidinginplacesneedlesandscalpelscannotsafelyreach.Theycouldalsodeterminewhattypeofcanceristakingroottohelpdoctorsdecidewhattreatmentmightworkbesttodestroyit.Liquidbiopsiesarenotyetinhand,becauseitishardtofinddefinitivecancersignalsinatubeofblood,butprogressinrecentyearshasbeenimpressive.LastyearthejournalSciencepublishedthefirstbigprospectivestudyofaliquidbiopsyforDNAandproteinsfrommultipletypesofcancers.Thoughfarfromperfect,thebloodtestcalledCancerSEEKfound26tumorsthathadnotbeendiscoveredwithconventionalscreenings.LiquidbiopsiescanrelyonavarietyofbiomarkersinadditiontotumorDNAandproteins,suchasfree-floatingcancercellsthemselves.Butwhatmakesthesearchdifficult,AnaRobles,acancerbiologistoftheNationalCancerInstitute,explains,isthat“ifyouhaveanearly-stagecancerorcertaintypesofcancer,theremightnotbealotoftumorDNA,”andtestsmightmissit.Theidealbloodtestwillbebothveryspecificandverysensitivesothateventinytumorscanbefound.Totacklethischallenge,CancerSEEKlooksforcancer-specificmutations(突变)on16genes,andforeightproteinsthatarelinkedtocancerandforwhichtherearehighlysensitivetests.Simpledetectionisnottheonlygoal.Anidealliquidbiopsywillalsodeterminethelikelylocationofthecancersothatitcanbetreated.“Mutationsareoftensharedamongdifferentkindsofcancer,soifyoufindtheminblood,youdon’tknowifthatmutationiscomingfromastomachcancerorlungcancer,”saysAnirbanMaitra,acancerscientistattheAndersonCancerCenter.Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.Onthenearerhorizonareliquidbiopsiestohelppeoplealreadydiagnosedwithcancer.Lastyearthegovernmentapprovedthefirsttwosuchtests,whichscanfortumorDNAsodoctorscanselectmutation-targeteddrugs.Scientistsareworkingonbloodteststodetectthefirstsignsofcancerrecurrence(复发)inpatientswhohavecompletedtreatment.Thisworkismovingfast,butdoesitsavelives?ThatisthequestioncompaniessuchasThriveandGrailmustanswerfortheirbroadlyambitiousscreeningtests.“Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.24.Accordingtothepassage,liquidbiopsiesareexpectedtoA.flagcanceranddeterminethetreatmentB.detectcancersignalsfromasampleofbloodC.takeimagesoftumorsandpreventpotentialcancersD.showtypesofcancerbymeasuringtheamountofproteins25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Signsofcancerrecurrencearenotdetectable.B.Differentkindsofcancerhavedifferentgenemutations.C.BiomarkersaremuchmorereliablethantumorDNAandproteins.D.Organ-specificcancerswillbeidentifiedthroughchangesingeneexpression.26.Theauthorismostlyconcernedaboutwhether.A.liquidbiopsiescandiscovertumorsconventionalscreeningscan’tfindB.liquidbiopsiescanimprovetheapplicationofmutation-targeteddrugsC.liquidbiopsiescanhelpsavethelivesofthosewithcancerD.liquidbiopsiescanbedevelopedforcancerprevention【答案】24.B24.D26.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了液体活检检测肿瘤的争辩以及目前存在的一些不足之处。24细节理解题。依据第一段其次句“Liquidbiopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor(肿瘤)wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.(理论上，液体活检可以通过触摸、症状或成像能发觉之前检测出肿瘤)”可知，液体活检，如血样能够检测出肿瘤。故选B项。25推理推断题。依据第四段后二句“Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.(为了解决这个问题，一些新的液体活检查找基因表达的变化。Maitra指出，这种变化“更具器官特异性”)”可推想出，器官特异性的肿瘤将能通过基因表达上的变化被识别出。故选D项。26推理推断题。依据最终一段最终一句““Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.(“这些公司必需证明他们能够检测到早期癌症，更重要的是，早期检测可以对癌症生存率产生影响。”Maitra说道。)”推知，作者关怀的是液体活检是否有助于挽救癌症患者的生命。故选C项。C(2023届北京市朝阳区高三一模)Clownfishlivetheiradultlivesintheprotectivearmsofseaanemones,thesmallbrightlycoloredseaanimalsattachedontorockstohouseclownfish.Betweenbirthandadulthood,however,thefishhavetocompleteatreacherousjourney.Afterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseatofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,theyoungfishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths”bysensingtheunfriendlysmells.Withoceanacidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbegantowonderwhatmighthappentofish’ssenseofsmell.Myteamput300recentlyhatchedclownfishinourlab.Whenweintroducedafriendlyfishodor(气味),theydidnotreact.Butwhenweintroducedanenemyodor,theyswamaway.Wethenrepeatedtheexperimentwith300newhatchlingsfromthesameparentsinthemoreacidicwater-alevelwecanexpectbytheyear2100ifcurrenttrendscontinue.Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesametime,thefishseemedunabletomakeuptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsensechemicalsignalsbutcouldn’trecognizethemeaningofthem.Itisalwaystrickytosaythatbehaviorsseeninalabwouldalsobeseeninthewild.SowewenttoasandylakenearoneoftheGreatBarrierReef’snorthernislandstotesthowwild-caughtdamselfishwouldreacttoenemysmellsafterexposingthemtoacidicwater.Inatank,abouthalfofthemheldinwaterwithacidityexpectedby2050wereattractedtotheunfriendlyodorandhalfwerenot,yetnotoneheldinwateranticipatedby2100avoidedbeingattractedtotheenemyodor.Wethenletthemarkeddamselfishlooseinthelake.Thefishonceheldinthemostacidicwaterswamfartherawayfromtheirprotectivehome.Canfishadapt?Moststudieshavehabituatedfishtoliftedacidicconditionsoverafewdaysormonths-anextremelyshortlengthoftime.Theanimalsarenotgivenarealisticopportunitytoadapt.Yetsomescientiststhoughtthatfishmightescapetheangerofoceanacidification,inpartbecauseearlyresearchdoneinthe1980sshowedthatcertainanimalshadanastonishingabilitytoregulatetheirinternalchemistrytosurviveacidifiedwater.Butmaintainingnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferentchallenge.Ataminimum,confusioncouldplaceyetanotherstressoronfishalreadychallengedbyrisingwatertemperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,ifmanyoceancreaturesstarttobehavestrangely,entirefoodwebsandecosystemscouldcomecrashingdown.Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“treacherous”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Risky. B.Hurried.C.Mysterious. D.Helpless.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefishintheacidicwater?A.Theylosttheirsensestochemicalsignals.B.Theywerelesslikelytorespondtothreats.C.Theirbehaviorinthelabdisappearedinthewild.D.Theytendedtoseektheprotectionfromtheirhome.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theauthor’sstudyconfirmspreviousfindings.B.Fish’sadaptationtoacidicwaterisamatteroftime.C.Differentfishesbehavedifferentlytoaciditychange.D.Thechancesofrestoringfish’smindsareyettobeseen.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatDoDifferentStressorsDotoOceanCreatures?B.WhatDoesOceanAcidityMeantoOceanCreatures?C.HowDoesOceanAcidificationDestroytheEcosystem?D.HowDoOceanCreaturesAdapttoOceanAcidification?【答案】27.A28.B29.D30.B【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章通过科研团队对小丑鱼和小热带鱼的试验和争辩，说明白海洋酸化正在搅乱海洋生物的思维，对它们产生了较大的影响。27词义猜想题。依据第一段“Afterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseatofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,theyoungfishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths”bysensingtheunfriendlysmells.”（孵化后，它们游到大海中完成发育。成年后，幼鱼会游回来，在此期间，它们必需通过感知不友好的气味来避开“口墙”。）可知，小丑鱼诞生后要独自去大海中生活，成年后才能回来，这期间随时都有被其他生物吃掉的可能，有着较大的风险，可谓是一场有风险的旅程。故划线词“treacherous”表示“有风险的”。故选A。28细节理解题。依据其次段“Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesametime,thefishseemedunabletomakeuptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsensechemicalsignalsbutcouldn’trecognizethemeaningofthem.”（当我们同时引入友好和不友好的气味时，鱼好像无法下定决心，花同样的时间游向一种气味和另一种气味。他们可以感知化学信号，但不能识别它们的意义。）可知，鱼在酸性水中，不太能识别不友好的具有威逼性的气味。故选B。29推理推断题。依据第三段“Butmaintainingnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferentchallenge.”（但维持正常功能，如避开危急则是另一种挑战。）和最终一段“Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果好像是全都的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）可知，海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼的思维，使鱼很难避开危急，所以恢复鱼的思维的可能性还有待观看。故选D。30主旨大意题。依据第一段“Withoceanacidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbegantowonderwhatmighthappentofish’ssenseofsmell.”（随着全球范围内海洋酸化的趋势，科学家们开头想知道鱼类的嗅觉会发生什么。）和最终一段“Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果好像是全都的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）及全文内容可知，本文主要叙述了海洋酸化对海洋生物产生的影响。故选B。D(2022届北京市顺义区高三一模)Theideaofunpluggedrunningisgainingsteaminthefitnesscommunity,asrecentstudiesshowthatbeingaddictedtotrackingfitnessmetricscanleadtonegativemindsetsandoutcomes.EoinWhelan,aseniorlecturerinbusinessinformationsystemsattheNationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,exploresthepsychologybehindengagementwithsocialmediaandfitnesstrackingapps.“Peoplearegettingmoreenjoymentoutofgatheringthedataandanalyzingthatandsharingitwithotherpeople”,WhelantoldCNN,addingthatthereisabigelementofsocialcomparisonforthosewhousefitnesstrackingapps.“Peoplewillcomparethemselvestopeoplewhoarebetterthanthem,whoarerunningfasterorrunninglonger.Andultimatelyweknowthatmakesthemfeelbad.”Whelanalsonotedthatpeoplewhoareveryreliantonsmartwatches.fitnesstrackersorfitnessappsaremorelikelytoskiptheirworkoutifthebatteriesontheirtrackingdevicesaredead.It’slikewecan’tinterpretourownbodysignals.Wearebecomingverydependentonthetechnologytoactuallydothatforus.Whenyouasksomeoftheathletesasimplequestionlike“howdidyousleeplastnight?”theycan’tanswerunlesstheylookatthedata.Otherresearchesshowthattoomuchscreentime,includinglookingatoursmartwatchorfitnessapps,hasnegativeimpactsonmentalhealth.Theinformationpeoplegatherfromsmartwatchesandworkouttrackingappscancontributeto“informationoverload”problems.Havingaconstantflowofinformationduetotechnologycanleadtostress,anxiety,lossofsleep,depression,andmore.Themoreweallownotificationsandalertstobeckon(吸引)us,themorestressandanxietychemicalsarereleased,makingusonedgeandourmentalandemotionalsystemsarefloodedwithamessagethatsays,“checkmenow”.Someexpertsadvocateustocreatescreen-freezonesaswellastaking“techbreaks”,whereweseta15-or30-timerduringwhichwedon’tcheckourphone.Thetimelimittellsourbrainthatwecancheckthephonesoonandreducestheanxietyoffeelingwehavetocheckinallthetime.Runningwatch-freeisbeneficialformorethanjustthecasualjoggerorweekendwarrior.Someprofessionalsalsohavehadsuccesswithleavingtheirwatchesathome.WelshrunnerSteveJonesfamouslysetaworldrecordatthe1984ChicagoMarathonwithoutwearingawatch.Helatertoldjournalistshedidn'tevenknowhewasonworldrecord-paceuntilhecrossedthefinishline.It’snotallnegative,though.Otherstudiesshowtherearemanyupsidestousingfitnesstrackers.Whenusingthesetechnologies,somepeopletendtoexerciseforlongerandatahigherintensityaswell,whichisallgoodfortheirphysicalwell-being.Soditchingthedatamightnotbebestforeveryone.31.AccordingtoWhelan,whydopeopleinvolvethemselvesinfitnesstrackingapps?A.Becausetheyfailtointerprettheirownbodysignals.B.Becausetheywanttolearnfromthosewhoexercisebetter.C.Becausetheyskipworkoutwhentheirbatteriesrunout.D.Becausetheygainsatisfactionwhentheyseethedata.32.Whatcould“techbreaks”doforus,accordingtoWhelan?A.Theyenableourmindtorelaxforawhile. B.Theyallowustocheckourphoneatanytime.C.Theyexposeourmindtocrowdedinformation. D.Theyreleaseanxietychemicalsaffectingus.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ditching”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Tracking. B.Abandoning. C.Analyzing. D.Collecting.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Runningwatch-freegivespeoplemoremotivation.B.Professionalrunnersdonotwearawatchwhiletraining.C.Informationoverloadhasbadeffectsonourmentalhealth.D.Thesetbacksofrunningwatch-freeoutweighthebenefits.【答案】31.D32.A33.B34.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的争辩表明，沉迷于跟踪健身指标可能会导致消极的心态和结果。31细节理解题。依据其次段“Peoplearegettingmoreenjoymentoutofgatheringthedataandanalyzingthatandsharingitwithotherpeople（人们从收集数据，分析数据并与他人共享中获得了更多乐趣）”可知，人们在沉迷于跟踪健身指标应用软件中获得了更多的乐趣，得到了满足感。故选D。32细节理解题。依据第四段“Thetimelimittellsourbrainthatwecancheckthephonesoonandreducestheanxietyoffeelingwehavetocheckinallthetime（这个时间限制告知我们的大脑，我们可以很快查看手机并且削减我们始终看手机的焦虑感）”可知，techbreaks可以让我们削减焦虑感，从而让大脑休息。故选A。33词义猜想题。依据“Otherstudiesshowtherearemanyupsidestousingfitnesstrackers（其他争辩表明使用健康跟踪软件有很多好处）”可猜想ditchingthedatamightnotbebestforeveryone意思是“抛弃数据可能不是对每个人都是最好的”，故ditching意为“抛弃”，A.Tracking追踪；B.Abandoning抛弃；C.Analyzing分析；D.Collecting收集。故选B。34推理推断题。依据第四段“Havingaconstantflowofinformationduetotechnologycanleadtostress,anxiety,lossofsleep,depression,andmore（由于科技而不断地看信息可能导致压力，焦虑，失眠，抑郁以及更多）”可推断出，过多的信息对我们的精神健康有害。故选C。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。(2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模)Onceuponatime,wewereallquestion-askingexperts.Westartedaskingourparentsnumerousquestionsaskids.Bypreschool,ourinquiriesevenreachedthedepthsofscience,philosophy,andthesocialorder.Wheredoesthesungoatnight?Whydoesn’tthatmanhaveahomelikewedo?Whydorockssinkbuticefloats?____35____Whydoesthechild’surgetoaskquestionsgrowinactiveinsomanyadults?Animportantfactorishowthesocialenvironmentssurroundinguschangeasweage.Schoolstransformfromaplaceforaskingquestionstoonefundedbyourabilitytoanswerthem.____36____Andwerecognizethatsocietyrewardsthepeoplewhoproposetohavetheanswers.____37____Wecanbebraveraboutaskingquestionsinpublicandencouragingotherstopursuetheircuriosity,too.Inthatencouragement,wehelpcreateanenvironmentwherethosearoundusfeelsafetoaskquestions.Whenitcomestohowwephrasequestions,weareadvisedtoopenwit