亚太经合组织:2024年亚太地区自然和冒险旅游报告_第1页
亚太经合组织:2024年亚太地区自然和冒险旅游报告_第2页
亚太经合组织:2024年亚太地区自然和冒险旅游报告_第3页
亚太经合组织:2024年亚太地区自然和冒险旅游报告_第4页
亚太经合组织:2024年亚太地区自然和冒险旅游报告_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩160页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1b

REPORT

NATURE-BASED

TOURISMAND

ADVENTURETOURISMIN

THEAPECECONOMIES

APECTOURISMWORKINGGROUPJuly2024

APECProject:TWG012024S“Reportonthemainadventureandnaturetourismex-periencesandproductsinAPECeconomies”

Producedby:

ViceMinistryofTourismofMinistryofForeignTradeandTourismofPeru(MINCETUR)

Withthesupportfrom:

SanIgnaciodeLoyolaUniversity(USIL),Peru

For:

Asia-PacificEconomicCooperationSecretariat

35HengMuiKengTerrace

Singapore119616

Tel:(65)68919600

Fax:(65)68919690

Email:info@

Website:

Coverpicture

ParqueArqueológicodeChoquequirao©ChristianJara/PROMPERÚ

©2024APECSecretariatAPEC#224-TO-01.4

Theterms‘national’,‘nation’,‘country’,

or‘state’usedinthetextareforthepurposesofthisreportanddonotimplythepoliticalstatusofanyAPECmember

economy

Preface

T

hetourismsectorhasdemonstratedremarkableresilienceintheface

ofthepandemic.AccordingtotheUNWTO(2024),internationaltourismhasalreadyrecovered88%ofitspre-pandemiclevelsin2023andisexpectedtofullyrecoverin2024.TheAsia-Pacificregionhasreached65%ofitspre-pandemiclevels,whiletheAmericashavereached90%.

ThisscenariopresentsasignificantopportunityfortouristdestinationsintheAPECregiontoenhancetheircompetitivenessbydiversifyingtheirtourismactivitiestopositivelyimpacttheirlocalcommunities.Thenature-basedtourismandadventuretourismsectorsareemergingmarketsfordifferenteconomies.Inlightofthis,throughthisreport,theAPECTourismWorkingGrouphasproposedtosupportDriver3oftheAPEC’sPutrajayaVision2040,namely,Strong,Balanced,Secure,Sustainable,andInclusiveGrowth.Thisreportisdesignedtoassistinplanning,developing,andmanagingsustainabletourismproductsthatwillencourageeconomicgrowthandregionalcooperation.

TheobjectiveofthisreportistoexaminethepotentialofnatureandadventuretourisminAPECeconomiesandprovidevaluableinformationthatwillassistinstrengtheningthesector’sdevelopment.Thesharingofexperiencesandbest

practicesbetweeneconomiescanfacilitatetheachievementofthisgoal.

ThisdocumentwasmadepossiblethankstothegeneroussupportofAustralia;HongKong,China;Malaysia;NewZealand;Peru;andtheUnitedStates,whichprovidedcasestudies.WewouldalsoliketothanktheAPECTourismWorkingGroup(TWG)formanagingtheproductionofthisreport.

46

TrekkingAusangate,Vinicunca©ChristianJara/PROMPERÚ

Acknowledgment

TheMinistryofForeignTradeandTourismofPeru(MINCETUR)wouldliketothankthefollowinginstitutionswhocontributedtothispublication:

TheMinistryofForeignTradeandTourismofPeru(MINCETUR),PeruJune2024

7b

Contents

Preface5

Acknowledgment7

AbbreviationsandAcronyms11

1.Introduction13

2.Methodology16

2.1.ApproachandObjective16

2.2.DataCollection16

2.3.Casestudies16

3.Travel&TourismsectorintheAPECEconomies19

3.1.ContributionofT&TtotheGDP19

3.2.Internationaltouristarrivals20

3.3.Inboundtourismexpenditure21

3.4.Domestictrip22

3.5.Domestictourismexpenditure23

3.6.Employmentinthetourismsector24

4.Nature-BasedTourismandAdventureTourism-RepresentativeCases27

4.1.Australia27

a.Background27

b.MainPoliciesandRegulations27

c.Demand29

d.MainTourismProducts33

e.Lessonslearnedandchallenges34

4.2.HongKong,China37

a.Background37

b.Mainpolicies37

c.Demand38

d.Maintourismproducts39

e.Outcomes/Lessonslearned/Bestpractices40

f.Challenges41

4.3.Malaysia42

a.Background42

b.Mainpoliciesandregulations44

48

c.Demand44

d.MainTourismProducts47

e.Lessonslearnedandoutcomes47

f.Challenges48

4.4.NewZealand50

a.Background50

b.Mainpolicies,regulations,orstandards52

c.Challenges54

4.5.Peru58

a.Background58

b.Mainpolicies,regulations,orstandards62

c.Demand65

d.MainTourismProducts67

e.Outcomesandlessonslearned68

f.Challenges69

4.6.TheUnitedStates70

a.Background70

b.Mainpolicies,regulations,orstandards70

c.Demand74

d.Maintourismproducts75

e.Outcomes/Lessonslearned/Bestpractices75

f.Challenges76

5.Conclusionsandrecommendations77

5.1.Conclusions77

5.2.Recommendations78

6.References79

7.Annexes81

7.1.Requiredinformation81

Tables

Table1:ContributionoftravelandtourismtotheGDP

oftheparticipatingAPECeconomies(2019-2023)19

Table2:Internationaltouristarrivals(inmillion)oftheparticipatingAPEC

economies(2019-2023)20

Table3:Inboundtourismexpenditureoftheparticipating

APECeconomies,inUSD(2019-2023)21

Table4:DomestictripsoftheparticipatingAPECeconomies(2019-2023)22

Table5:Domestictourismexpenditureoftheparticipating

APECeconomies,inUSD(2019-2023)23

Table6:Employmentinthetourismsectoroftheparticipating

APECeconomies(2019-2023)24

Table7:Expenditureandaveragespendonnature-basedtrips(USD)33

Table8:ContributionoftravelandtourismtoMalaysia’sGDP(2019-2022)44

Table9:Malaysia:domestictourismexpenditureinUSD(2019-2023)46

410

AbbreviationsandAcronyms

ATTAAdventureTravelTradeAssociationFYFinancialyear

GDPGrossDomesticProductNBTNature-basedtourism

NPSNationalParkService(TheUnitedStates)PAProtectedArea

SMEsSmallandmedium-sizedenterprises

SDGUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoalsT&TTravelandTourismindustry

TWGTheAPECTourismWorkingGroup

UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationUNWTOUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganization

VFRVisitingfriendsorrelatives.VRVirtual

11b

412

CastleRock,PorongurupNationalPark©TourismAustralia

1.Introduction

Thetourismindustryplaysasignificantroleintheglobaleconomy.Despitethechallengesposedbyborderclosuresduetothepandemic,thetourismsectorisestimatedtocontributeUSD3.3trilliontotheworld’sGDPin2023.

However,theaftermathoftheglobalpandemichasleftmanyeconomieswithaweakeconomicenvironment,posingcomplicationsfortourismgrowth.Inapositiveoutlook,theUnitedNationsTourismPanelofExpertshasprojectedanimprovementintheglobaltourismsector,asdetailedintheWorldTourismBarometerpublication.(UNWTO,2024)

Giventheaboveinformation,itisreasonabletoassumethattourismisanever-growingsectorthatcanrecoverfromtheglobalcrisisandstillmakesignificantnumbers,whichwillcontinuetoaddtotheglobaleconomy.Oneofthereasonstheindustryhasbeenabletothrivedespiteitschallengesisitsinterdisciplinaryandinterconnectednature.

Globally,thetourismindustryhashadtoadapttoanumberofdifferenttrendsthathaveemergedovertime.AreviewofATTA’s2023trendsrevealedthatgreenandsustainabletripsandhighlyinvolvedphysicalactivity(trekking,hiking,etc.)haveemergedassignificantpost-pandemictouristtrends.Insummary,nature-basedtourism(NBT)andadventuretourismhavebecometwoofthemostpromisingtourismtypes.(ATTA,2023)

Furthermore,itisimportanttonotethattheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)currentlystronglyinfluenceoursector.Oneofthemainobjectivesoftourismistocontributetoachievingthesegoalsby2030bypromotingresponsibleandsustainabletourismpractices.

Ifmanagedcorrectly,NBTgrowthcanbecrucialinsustainabledevelopment,benefitingallstakeholders(tourists,providers,thedestination,etc.).Concurrently,adventuretourismcaneffectivelypromotebio-culturalofferingswhilebeingprofitable.

13b

Notably,NBTrepresentsapproximately20%ofthetourismsectorandmarket.Furthermore,adventuretourismisanticipatedtogrowtoavalueofuptoUSD1+trillionby2030,withanestimatedgrowthrateof15.2%from2022to2030.(GrandViewResearch,2022)

Morespecifically,thegrowthofnature-basedandadventuretourismindifferenttypesofnaturallandscapesandwithenormousbiodiversitywithinAsia-Pacificeconomieshassignificantlyimpactedthetourismsector.Additionally,

theseeconomieshavebeenaddressingchallenges

suchasmaintainingappropriatepreservation

practiceswhilemanagingtourismtransitthroughthedestination’ssites,controllingover-tourisminareaswherethecarryingcapacitywillnotallowitbeforeitdamagestheenvironment,andstillgeneratingbenefitsforthelocalcommunitiesinvolvedandthetourismproviders.

Inthissense,thisreportanalyseshowdifferentAPECeconomieshavedealtwiththedevelopmentofnature-basedandadventuretourism.Itconsidersthecurrentcontext,background,andprospectsofthissector.ItpresentscasestudiesofAustralia;HongKong,China;Malaysia;NewZealand;Peru;andtheUnitedStates.Thesecasestudiesaimtoguidejointeffortstoenhancethefurtherdevelopmentofthesetwoimportanttypesoftourismworldwidewhileencouragingresponsibletourismpracticestowardsamoresustainablesectoroverall.

14

15b

RotoruaZipline,Rotorua

©GraemeMurray/TourismNewZealand’sVisualLibrary

2.Methodology

2.1.ApproachandObjective

Thisreportwascompiledusingaqualitativeapproachtoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofthecurrentstateofnature-basedandadventuretourismintheAPECregion.Thereportaimstoclarifythesector’spotentialandlimitations,offeringvaluableanalyticalinsights.

2.2.DataCollection

TheinformationincludedinthisreporthasbeencollectedthroughaformdevelopedinAnnex1.Allparticipantswereencouragedtoprovideanswersbasedonofficialdataanddocumentsrelatedtothedevelopmentofnature-basedandadventuretourismintheireconomies.ThedatacollectionprocesstookplacebetweenMarchandApril2024.

2.3.Casestudies

ThisreportpresentssixcasestudiesontheeconomiesofAustralia;HongKong,China;Malaysia;NewZealand;Peru;andtheUnitedStates.Theparticipatingeconomieshaveagreedtoparticipateinthisprojectandsubmittedtheirresponses.

416

GantheaumePoint,Broome

©TourismAustralia

17b

18

418

IslandhoppingTungPingChau©HongKongTourismBoard

3.Travel&TourismsectorintheAPEC

Economies

ThischapterprovidesanoverviewoftheperformanceoftheTravelandTourism(T&T)industryintheAPECeconomiesincludedinthisreport.Tounderstandthecontextofnature-basedtourismdevelopment,itisessentialtoknowthemainindicatorsofthetourismsectorineacheconomy.TheindicatorsincludethecontributionoftheT&TsectortotheGrossDomesticProduct(GDP),thenumberofinternationaltouristarrivals,inboundtourismexpenditure,domestictrips,domestictourismexpenditure,andemploymentinthetourismsector.

3.1.ContributionofT&TtotheGDP

TourismrepresentsasignificantproportionofGDPformanyeconomies.However,thissectorhasdeclinedfollowingtheclosureofbordersduringthepandemic.Fortunately,thesenumbersshowedrecoverytowards2022and2023,withhopesofcontinuingtoincreaseandsurpassingpre-pandemiclevels.

Table1:

ContributionoftravelandtourismtotheGDPoftheparticipatingAPEC

economies(2019-2023)

Economy

2019*

2020

2021

2022

2023P/

Australia

3.1%

2.4%

1.4%

1.5%

2.5%

HongKong,China

3.6%

0.40%

0.10%

0.40%

N.A.

Malaysia

15.9%

14.1%

12.8%

14.0%

N.A.

NewZealand

5.6%

5.4%

3.4%

3.1%

3.7%

Peru

3.9%

1.5%

1.7%

2.3%

2.5%

TheUnitedStates

3.0%

1.5%

2.2%

N.A.

N.A.

N.A:Notavailableinformation

*ValuesforAustraliaarebyfinancialyear.E.g.2019representsFY2018-2019.Source:APECeconomies

19b

WhileeconomieslikeAustralia;NewZealand;Peru;andtheUSAaveraged4%withpre-pandemicnumbers,HongKong,Chinatourismactivitydroppedsignificantly.Incontrast,Malaysia’stourismactivity(includingretailtrade,foodandbeverageservices,etc.)contributedmoresignificantlytotheeconomy’sGDP,withover15%.Thisfigureonlydroppedtoover12%mid-pandemic,whichisstillaboveaverageforparticipantswhohavealreadyrecoveredfromtheglobalcrisis.

3.2.Internationaltouristarrivals

InlinewiththeobservedtrajectoryinGDPfigures,alleconomiesreachedapeakinnumbersby2019.However,thefollowingyearswitnessedasignificantdecline,withmostparticipantsexperiencingalossofover70%oftheirinternationaltouristarrivalsin2020andreachingtheirlowestnumberin2021.

Table2:

Internationaltouristarrivals(inmillion)oftheparticipatingAPEC

economies(2019-2023)

Economy

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023P/

Australia

9.5M

1.8M

0.2M

3.7M

7.2M

HongKong,China

55.9M

3.6M

91.4K

604.6K

34.0M

Malaysia

26.1M

4.3M

0.1M

10.0M

20.1M

NewZealand

3.8M

0.9M

0.2M

1.4M

2.9M

Peru

4.3M

0.8M

0.4M

2.0M

2.5M

TheUnitedStates

79.4M

19.2M

22.2M

50.8M

N.A.

N.A:NotavailableinformationSource:APECeconomies

Regardingproportionaldecline,HongKong,Chinasufferedthegreatestreductioninnumbersbetween2021and2022,followedbyMalaysia;Australia;andNewZealand.Followingtheimplementationoftravelrestrictionsinpreviousyears,allparticipantsexceptHongKong,China,hadrecoveredby2022,reachingtheonemillionmarkagainandcontinuingtogrow.Theiraimistoexceedthepeaknumbersseenin2019.

420

3.3.Inboundtourismexpenditure

Inlinewiththeprevailingtrend,theadventoftheCOVID-19pandemicwillcontinuetoresultinadeclineinmostindicators,includinginboundtourismexpenditure.

Table3:

Inboundtourismexpenditureoftheparticipating

APECeconomies,inUSD(2019-2023)

Economy

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023P/

Australia

20.6B

5.1B

0.9B

8.3B

16.8B

HongKong,China

32.8B

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

22.9B

Malaysia

18.1B

2.6B

0.5B

5.9B

14.9B

NewZealand

10.2B

10.5B

0.8B

1.1B

6.5B

Peru

4.7B

1.0B

1.0B

2.9B

3.3B

TheUnitedStates

239.0B

84.2B

84.1B

165.4B

N.A.

N.A:NotavailableinformationSource:APECeconomies

Asanticipated,followingastrongperformancein2019,allparticipatingeconomiesexperiencedasignificantdeclineininboundtourismexpenditurein2021.However,therewasanotablerecoveryin2023,withthesectorcontinuingtogrow.

21b

3.4.Domestictrip

Theanalysishighlightstheimportanceofdomestictravelpatternsasakeymetricinthetourismsector.Despiteadeclinecausedbythepandemic,theyremainakeyindicatoroftourism’senduringrelevancetothebroadereconomiclandscape.

Table4:

DomestictripsoftheparticipatingAPECeconomies(2019-2023)

Economy

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023P/

Australia

365.8M

236.7M

242.5M

309.6M

333.8M

HongKong,China

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

Malaysia

332.4M

147.0M

72.4M

207.8M

N.A.

NewZealand

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

22M

27M

Peru

48.5M

14.3M

16.4M

27.1M

37.1M

TheUnitedStates

2.3B

1.6B

N.A.

2.2B

N.A.

N.A:NotavailableinformationSource:APECeconomies

Itshouldbenotedthatthisindicatormaybemeasureddifferentlyforparticipanteconomies.Thismayindicatethatsomeeconomiescategorisedomestictravelintermsofdaytripsandovernighttrips,asisthecaseinAustralia,whileotherscategorisetheindicatoraccordingtothetypeofdomestictravel,suchasleisureorbusiness,asindicatedbytheUSA.

Nevertheless,theseclassificationsdonotimpedetheanalysisoftheinformation,giventhatthepandemichasdemonstratedthatthesenumbersareequallysusceptibletothesameforceaction.Thefiguressignificantlydecreasedin2021,representingoneofthisindicator’smostsignificanthistoricaldrops.However,therewasanotablerecoveryin2022.

422

3.5.Domestictourismexpenditure

Thecentralityofdomesticallygeneratedtourismincomeliesinitsimmediateterritorialimpact.Despitethechallengesposedbythepandemic,therecoveryofthismetrichasoutpacedthatofinboundtourismexpenditure.Thishighlightstheintrinsicvalueofthedomestictourismmarketanditscapabilitytoplayapivotalroleintheeconomicrecoveryoflocalcommunitiesinthewakeofcrises.

Table5:

DomestictourismexpenditureoftheparticipatingAPECeconomies,

inUSD(2019-2023)

Economy

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023P/

Australia

70.3B

41.4B

51.9B

85.6B

93.5B

HongKong,China

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

Malaysia

21.6B

8.4B

3.7B

13.4B

14.9B

NewZealand

14.2B

14.2B

14.9B

15.0B

16.0B

Peru

5.9B

1.4B

2.1B

3.6B

4.9B

TheUnitedStates

N.A

N.A

N.A

N.A

N.A

N.A:NotavailableinformationSource:APECeconomies

Thisindicatorshowsthatmostparticipatingeconomiesexhibitedasimilartrendtothosepreviouslyhighlighted.However,itisnoteworthythatAustralia,whilestillexperiencingadeclineindomestictourismexpenditurein2020,hasalreadybeguntorecoverandhassurpasseditspre-pandemiclevelsin2022.Incontrast,othereconomieshavecontinuedtodecreasetheirdomestictourismexpenditure,withareboundonlyoccurringin2023.Theyarecurrentlyattemptingtomatchthelevelsachievedin2019.

23b

3.6.Employmentinthetourismsector

Tourismsignificantlycontributestoaneconomy’semploymentlandscape,benefitingawiderangeofsectors,includingpassengertransport,foodandbeverageservices,visitoraccommodation,travelagencies,andhandicrafts.

Table6:

EmploymentinthetourismsectoroftheparticipatingAPECeconomies

(2019-2023)

Economy

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023P/

Australia

0.75M

0.40M

0.42M

0.64M

0.65M

HongKong,China

232.7K

49.0K

22.5K

29.6K

N.A.

Malaysia

3.56M

3.45M

3.52M

3.60M

N.A.

NewZealand

0.37M

0.36M

0.24M

0.21M

0.31M

Peru

1.4M

0.69M

0.83M

1.0M

1.15M

TheUnitedStates

9.9M

5.5M

7.4M

N.A.

N.A.

N.A:NotavailableinformationSource:APECeconomies

Thelabourforceformostparticipatingeconomiesexperiencedasignificantdeclinein2020.However,therewasapositiverecoveryin2021,withthelabourforcecontinuingtogrowinthefollowingyears.Although,NewZealand’sperformanceonthisindicatordiffersfromtheoveralltrend.Afteragradualdeclineuntil2022,thecountry’slabourforcegrewagainin2023.

424

25b

KayakenLlachón,LagoTiticaca©FernandoLópez/PROMPERÚ

Denham,SharkBay©TourismAustralia

4.Nature-BasedTourismandAdventure

Tourism-RepresentativeCases

4.1.Australia

a.Background

Australiaisinternationallyrenownedforitspristinenaturalenvironmentsandprotectedareas,withnature-basedtourismemergingasasignificantmarketsegmentforAustraliantourism.Visitors’participationinnature-basedtourismactivitieshasgrownbyanaverageof9%from2014to2019,accompaniedbya10%yearlyincreaseinvisitorexpenditureduringthesameperiod.Asconsumerinterestinnature-basedexperiencescontinuestosurge,Australiaiswell-placedtocapitaliseonthisgrowingdemandwhileimplementingnatureprotectionmeasurestoensuretheindustry’slong-termsustainability.

b.MainPoliciesandRegulations

TheAustralianTradeandInvestmentCommission(Austrade)isthefederalgovernmentagencyresponsiblefortourismpolicy,programs,andresearch.TourismAustraliaisthegovernmentagencyresponsibleforattractinginternationalvisitorstotheeconomy.Moreover,allstateandterritorygovernmentsinAustraliaincorporatetourismintotheirportfolios,andstateandterritorytourismorganisations(STOs)arecommittedtoattractingvisitorstotheirrespectivejurisdictions.

THRIVE2030isAustralia’slong-termstrategyforsustainablevisitoreconomygrowth.Thestrategyisfocusedonsevenpriorityareasandincludes66actionsforgovernmentsandthetourismsector.Thisincludesactionsthatsupportthegrowthofnature-basedtourism,forexample,throughthedevelopmentofhigh-qualityproductsandexperiences,includingFirst

27b

428

Nationsexperiences,andthedevelopmentofpublicinfrastructureinnationalparksandWorldHeritageAreas.

TheAustralianGovernmentthroughtheNaturePositivePlanisreformingitsenvironmentallegislationonthreebasicprinciplesofcleardomesticstandardsofenvironmentalprotection,improvingandspeedingupdecisions,andbuildingtrustandintegrity.Thiswillimpactfutureinvestmentanddevelopmentoftourisminfrastructureandproducts,includingdomesticparksandprotectedareas.

Furthermore,eachofAustralia’seightStateandTerritoryGovernmentshasitsownvisitoreconomystrategy,withmanyprioritisingthedevelopmentofnature-basedtourism.Forinstance,Victoria’sExperienceVictoria2033strategyidentifiesnature-basedtourismasakeyprioritytodrivinggrowth.Otherstategovernmententitieshavealsodevelopedstrategiesfordevelopingnature-basedtourismproducts,includingQue

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论