Pri Tzker Architecture Prize 普里兹克建筑学奖获奖建筑设计作品集REM KOOLHAAS 3

1/1PriTzkerArchitecturePrize普里兹克建筑学奖获奖建筑设计作品集REMKOOLHAAS333dreamoftotalflexibilitytheygiveofftheauraofchangemoreoftenthantheypossesstherealityofitbutitcansurelybesaidthattheyaredesignedtobeopentosocialandprogrammaticevolution.Koolhaassdesireasanarchitectistodesignthestage,nottowriteallofthelinestobespokenonit.YetitcanbetooeasytotalkaboutKoolhaasintheseterms,andtobegintothinkofhimalmostasananti-architect.Ifhewerethat,however,hewouldneverhavewonthePritzker.Hisarchitectureistheantithesisofneutral,anditcouldnotbefartherfromcasual.IfhisworkdoesnotaspiretotheeleganceofMies,heiseverybitasobsessiveaboutdetail,andalotmoreconcernedaboutthenatureofwhatgoesoninhisbuildings.Heisprofoundlyinterestedinprograms;indeed,heseestheprogramwhatactuallyhappensinabuildingasaprimarygeneratorofitsform.KoolhaasembarkedonalongstudyoflibrariesandwhattheymightmeaninthedigitalagebeforedesigningthenewpubliclibraryforSeattle;hehasstudiedshoppingandconsumerismbeforetakingontheprojectofcreatinganewgenerationofretailstoresforPrada.HisPradadesignsarebasedonthenotionthatthestoreisincreasinglybecomingaplaceofevents,aplaceoftheater;heistakingthisonestepfurtherandmakingthestoreliterallyanenvironmentforperformances.Foranarchitectwhoisfarfromaformalist,Koolhaasiscreatingformsofundeniableimportance.InSeattle,heistrustinginapowerfulformofcoppermeshinaglassfaadetocreateaphysicalspaceexcitingenoughtomakethelibrary,onceagain,akindofcommonroomforalargercommunity.Here,asinsomuchofhiswork,heisusingarchitecturetocreaterealspacethatwillbecompellingenoughnotjusttoexistintheageofvirtualspace,buttoennobleit.ModelforTresGrandeBibliothequeParis,FranceHecticPictures34DutchHouse,NetherlandsPhotobyHansWerlemanPhotoKida35ConceptsketchbyRemKoolhaasfortheDutchHouse,Netherlands36KunstalRotterdam,Netherlands(thispageandopposite)3738NexusHousingFukuoka,Japan(thispageandopposite)PhotobyKawano39PhotobyKawano40FACTSUMMARYSelectedCompletedProjectsBiographicalNotesBirthdateandPlace:1944Rotterdam,TheNetherlandsEducationArchitecturalAssociationSchoolLondon,UKHarknessFellowshipCornellUniversityInstituteforArchitectureandUrbanStudiesNewYork,NewYorkAwardsandHonors1974ProgressiveArchitectureAwardwithL.Spear1986RotterdamMaaskantPrize,TheNetherlands1987JapanDesignFoundationAward1991Prixd’ArchitectureforVilladall’Ava,Paris,France1992TheBestBuildinginJapanforHousing,Fukuoka,JapanfromtheArchitecturalInstituteofJapanAntonioGaudiPrizeforLilleUrbanismProject1993TheGettyCenter,VisitingScholarCulturalFoundationMadridAward1997AmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA)BookAwardforS,M,L,XL1999L’equerred’argentfortheMaisonBordeauxPrizeforIntensiveSpaceUsebytheDutchGovernmentforAlmeremasterplanRietvaldprizeforEducatoriumUtrechtTeachingPositions1975InstituteforArchitectureandUrbanStudies,NewYorkSchoolofArchitecture,UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles,California1976ArchitecturalAssociation,London,UK1988-89TechnicalUniversity,Delft,Netherlands1991-92RiceUniversity,Houston,Texas1990-HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MassachusettsExhibitions1978TheSparklingMetropolis-GuggenheimMuseum,NewYork1988RecentWorks-MaxProtechGallery,NewYorkOMA1972-1988,ArchitekturMuseum,Basel,SwitzerlandDeconstructivism(groupexhibition)-MuseumofModernArt,NewYork1989OMA:TheFirstDecade-BoymansMuseum,Rotterdam,NetherlandsFindeSiecle,OMAatIFA-IFA,Paris,France1990OMARecentProjects-Collegiod’Arquitectes,Barcelona,SpainEnergieen(groupexhibitionwithCindySherman,AnselmKiefer,SigmarPolke,JennyHolzer)-StedelijkMuseum,Amsterdam,NetherlandsRemKoolhaas,OMAinLille-MuseedeBeauxArts,Lille,France1994-95RemKoolhaasandthePlaceofPublicArchitecture-MuseumofModernArt,NewYork;WexnerMuseum,Columbus,Ohio;andTokyo,Japan1995EuralillePoser-Exposer-travellingexhibition1997NewUrbanism:PearlRiverDelta-DocumentaX,Kassel,Germany1998Living(Vivre)-ArcenReve,Bordeaux,France1999CitiesontheMove(groupexhibition)-HaywardGallery,London,UKLiving(extended)attheICA,London,UKBooks1978DeliriousNewYork:aRetroactiveManifestoforManhattan-NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.Reprintedin1994by010Publishers,Rotterdam,andtranslatedintoGermanin1999,Arch+Verlag.1995OMA,S,M,L,XL-incollaborationwiththeCanadiangraphicdesigner,BruceMau.0101987NetherlandsDanceTheatreTheHague,Netherlands1989PatioVillaRotterdam,Netherlands1991ByzantiumAmsterdam,NetherlandsNexusHousingFukuoka,JapanVilladall’AvaParis,France1992KunsthalRotterdam,Netherlands1993DutchHouseNetherlands1994EuralilleMasterplanLille,FranceLilleGrandPalaisLille,France1997EducatoriumUtrecht,Netherlands1998MaisonBordeauxBordeaux,France19992ndStageTheatreNewYork,NY1992-Souterrain,ParkingGarage,TramStationsandTramTunnel,Netherlands1994-Almere,citycenter,NetherlandsParkingGarage,Almere,Netherlands1996-MCA-UniversalExpansion,LosAngeles,CAChasse-terrain,urbanmasterplan,Breda,NetherlandsCarreBuilding,Breda,Netherlands1997-SchipholLogisticParc,NetherlandsNetherlandsEmbassy,Berlin,GermanyIITUniversityBuilding,Chicago,IL1998-‘tPaardPoppodium,TheHague,NetherlandsHausumdieSchenkung,Berlin,Germany1999-AmsterdamAirportintheSea,NetherlandsBlok6,Cinema,Almere,NetherlandsMABTower,Rotterdam,NetherlandsPublicLibrary,Seattle,WACasadaMusica,Porto,PortugalWorksinProgressSelectedArchitecture/Urbanism/LandscapeProjects1982ParcdelaVillette(competition)Paris,France1983WorldExposition1989(study)Paris,France1987Planforthenewtown(competition)MelunSenart,France1991LeGrandAxe(competition)Paris,FranceUrbanDesignForum(study)Yokohama,Japan1993AirAlexander(study)NewUrbanFrontiers1995A4Highwaycorridor(study)NetherlandsAirportCity(study)Seoul,Korea1996AirportCity(study)Schipol,Amsterdam,Netherlands41SelectedCompetitions1978ExtensionofParliament(2ndPrizeexaequo)TheHague,Netherlands1986CityHall(juryselection)TheHague,Netherlands1988NetherlandsArchitecturalInstituteRotterdam,Netherlands1989FerryTerminal(1stPrize)Zeebrugge,BelgiumFrankfurtAirportOfficeComplex(1stPrize)Frankfurt,GermanyBibliothequedeFrance(honorablemention)Paris,FranceZKM(1stPrize)Karlsruhe,Germany1991PalmBayHotelConferenceCenterAgadir,Morocco1992TwoBibliotheques(1stPrize)Jussieu,France1994CardiffBayOperaHouse,UKTateGalleryLondon,UKMetroDadeCenterfortheArtsMiami,FL1996LuxorTheatreRotterdam,Netherlands1997ExtensionoftheMuseumofModernArtNewYork,NY1998IITUniversityBuilding(1stPrize)Chicago,IL1999CasadeMusica,Porto,Portugal1996Hyperbuilding(study)Bangkok,ThailandMasterplanforUniversalCity(study)LosAngeles,CA1997HanoiNewTown(study)Vietnam1998SchipholPostAirportCity(study)Amsterdam,Netherlands1999Dutchtown,amasterplanaccordingtoOMA,NetherlandsArchitecturalInstitute(NAI),RotterdamModelforSeaterminal,Zeebrugge,Belgium4243HecticPicturesEducatoriumUtrecht,Netherlands(thispageandopposite)44(thispageandopposite)VilladallAvaParis,FranceESTO45HecticPictures46PatioVillaRotterdam,Netherlands47HISTORYOFTHEPRITZKERARCHITECTUREPRIZEThePritzkerArchitecturePrizewasestablishedbyTheHyattFoundationin1979tohonorannuallyalivingarchitectwhosebuiltworkdemonstratesacombinationofthosequalitiesoftalent,vision,andcommitment,whichhasproducedconsistentandsignificantcontributionstohumanityandthebuiltenvironmentthroughtheartofarchitecture.IthasoftenbeendescribedasarchitecturesmostprestigiousawardorastheNobelofarchitecture.TheprizetakesitsnamefromthePritzkerfamily,whoseinternationalbusinessinterestsareheadquarteredinChicago.Theyhavelongbeenknownfortheirsupportofeducational,religious,socialwelfare,scientific,medicalandculturalactivities.JayA.Pritzker,whofoundedtheprizewithhiswife,Cindy,diedonJanuary23,1999.Hiseldestson,ThomasJ.PritzkerhasbecomepresidentofTheHyattFoundation.Heexplains,AsnativeChicagoans,it’snotsurprisingthatourfamilywaskeenlyawareofarchitecture,livinginthebirthplaceoftheskyscraper,acityfilledwithbuildingsdesignedbyarchitecturallegendssuchasLouisSullivan,FrankLloydWright,MiesvanderRohe,andmanyothers.Hecontinues,In1967,weacquiredanunfinishedbuildingwhichwastobecometheHyattRegencyAtlanta.Itssoaringatriumwaswildlysuccessfulandbecamethesignaturepieceofourhotelsaroundtheworld.Itwasimmediatelyapparentthatthisdesignhadapronouncedaffectonthemoodofourguestsandattitudeofouremployees.WhilethearchitectureofChicagomadeuscognizantoftheartofarchitecture,ourworkwithdesigningandbuildinghotelsmadeusawareoftheimpactarchitecturecouldhaveonhumanbehavior.Soin1978,whenwewereapproachedwiththeideaofhonoringlivingarchitects,wewereresponsive.MomandDad(CindyandthelateJayA.Pritzker)believedthatameaningfulprizewouldencourageandstimulatenotonlyagreaterpublicawarenessofbuildings,butalsowouldinspiregreatercreativitywithinthearchitecturalprofession.Hewentontoaddthatheisextremelyproudtocarryonthateffortonbehalfofhismotherandtherestofthefamily.ManyoftheproceduresandrewardsofthePritzkerPrizearemodeledaftertheNobels.LaureatesofthePritzkerArchitecturePrizereceivea$100,000grant,aformalcitationcertificate,andsince1987,abronzemedallion.Priortothatyear,alimitededitionHenryMooresculpturewaspresentedtoeachLaureate.Nominationsareacceptedfromallnations;fromgovernmentofficials,writers,critics,academicians,fellowarchitects,architecturalsocieties,orindustrialists,virtuallyanyonewhomighthaveaninterestinadvancinggreatarchitecture.Theprizeisawardedirrespectiveofnationality,race,creed,orideology.Thenominatingprocedureiscontinuousfromyeartoyear,closinginJanuaryeachyear.Nominationsreceivedaftertheclosingareautomaticallyconsideredinthefollowingcalendaryear.Therearewellover500nomineesfrommorethan47countriestodate.Thefinalselectionismadebyaninternationaljurywithalldeliberationandvotinginsecret.TheEvolutionoftheJuryThefirstjuryassembledin1979consistedofJ.CarterBrown,thendirectoroftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C.;J.IrwinMiller,thenchairmanoftheexecutiveandfinancecommitteeofCumminsEngineCompany;CesarPelli,architectandatthetime,deanoftheYaleUniversitySchoolofArchitecture;ArataIsozaki,architectfromJapan;andthelateKennethClark(LordClarkofSaltwood),notedEnglishauthorandarthistorian.ThepresentjurycomprisesthealreadymentionedJ.CarterBrown,directoremeritusoftheNationalGalleryofArt,andchairmanoftheU.S.CommissionofFineArts,whoservesaschairman;GiovanniAgnelli,chairmanofFiat,ofTorino,Italy;AdaLouiseHuxtable,Americanauthorandarchitecturalcritic;JorgeSilvetti,chairman,DepartmentofArchitecture,HarvardUniversityGraduateSchoolofDesign;andLordRothschild,formerchairmanoftheNationalHeritageMemorialFund,andformerchairmanoftheboardoftrusteesoftheNationalGalleryinLondon.OtherswhohaveservedasjurorsovertheyearsincludethelateThomasJ.Watson,Jr.,formerchairmanofIBM;ToshioNakamura,anarchitecturewriterandeditorfromJapan;architectsPhilipJohnson,KevinRoche,FrankGehry,allfromtheUnitedStates,andRicardoLegorretaofMexico,FumihikoMakiofJapan,andCharlesCorreaofIndia.CarlosJimenez,aHoustonbaseddesignerandprofessorofarchitecture,whoisnotedforhisdeepknowledgeofarchitecturepastandpresent,wasannouncedtoserveonthejuryattheJerusalemceremony.BillLacy,architectandpresidentoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkatPurchase,aswellasadvisortotheJ.PaulGettyTrustandmanyotherfoundations,isexecutivedirectoroftheprize.PrevioussecretariestothejurywerethelateBrendanGill,whowasarchitecturecriticofTheNewYorkermagazine;andthelateCarletonSmith.Fromtheprize’sfoundinguntilhisdeathin1986,ArthurDrexler,whowasthedirectorofthedepartmentofarchitectureanddesignatTheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCity,wasaconsultanttothejury.48TelevisionSymposiumMarkedTenthAnniversaryofthePrizeArchitecturehaslongbeenconsideredthemotherofallthearts,ishowthedistinguishedjournalistEdwinNewman,servingasmoderator,openedthetelevisionsymposiumArchitectureandtheCity:FriendsorFoes?Buildinganddecoratingshelterwasoneofthefirstexpressionsofmanscreativity,butwetakeforgrantedmostoftheplacesinwhichweworkorlive,hecontinued.Architecturehasbecomeboththeleastandthemostconspicuousofartforms.Withapanelthatincludedthreearchitects,acritic,acityplanner,adeveloper,amayor,alawyer,amuseumdirector,anindustrialist,aneducator,anadministrator,thesymposiumexploredproblemsfacingeveryonenotjustthosewholiveinbigcities,butanyoneinvolvedincommunitylife.Someofthequestionsdiscussed:whatshouldbebuilt,howmuch,where,when,whatwillitlooklike,whatcontrolsshouldbeallowed,andwhoshouldimposethem?Forcompletedetailsonthesymposium,andallfacetsofthePritzkerPrize,pleasegotowebsite,whereyoucanalsoviewthevideotapeofthesymposium.TwoExhibitionsandaBookonthePritzkerPrizeTheArtInstituteofChicagoorganizedanexhibitiontitled,ThePritzkerArchitecturePrize1979-1999,whichcelebratedthefirsttwentyyearsoftheprizeandtheworksofthelaureates,providinganopportunitytoanalyzethesignificanceoftheprizeanditsevolution.TheexhibitwasonviewinChicagofromMaythroughSeptemberof1999.FromthereitwenttotheCarnegieMuseumofArtinPittsburgh,andthenontotheRoyalOntarioMuseuminToronto,Canada.Theexhibitprovidedthroughdrawings,originalsketches,photographs,plansandmodels,anopportunitytoviewsomeofthemostimportantarchitectureofthiscentury.AdditionalinformationisavailablefromtheArtInstitute’swebsite:.Anotherexhibition,TheArtofArchitecture,providesphotographsandmodelsofworksbyLaureatesofthePritzkerArchitecturePrize.Theexhibit’sworldpremierewasattheChicagoPublicLibrary,HaroldWashingtonCenterin1992.Becauseitwasformedinthatyear,thefocusisprimarilyonthefirstfifteenlaureates,buteachofthehonoreessincethenareincludedintheexhibit.TheArtofArchitecturehaditsEuropeanpremiereinBerlinattheDeutschesArchitekturZentrumin1995.ItwasalsoshownattheKarntensHausderArchitekturinKlagenfurt,Austriain1996.IntheUnit