理科职称英语考试试题09年A

2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）真题及答案

人事考试教育网整理2010-10-2813:21大中小】【我要纠错】

第1部分：词汇选项（第1〜15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近

的选项。

1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

AeverlastingBlong

CtemporaryDboring

2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

AshakenBdamaged

CfallenDjumped

3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

AattractionBsimplicity

CpowerDrigor

5Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

AmistBfog

CmysteryDsecret

6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,

AannoyedBtroubled

CangeredDaroused

7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicaled.

AboiTowedBpurchased

CrewrittenDcopied

8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

AfastenedBencouraged

CraisedDinitiated

9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

AsomeBlittle

CextraDenough

10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

ApatientsBmiracles

CillnessDrecovery

11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

AmonotonousBendless

CseriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

AoldBunforgettable

CfunnyDunfair

13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.

AfollowBorder

CproveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

AemptyBhairless

CbareDsmooth

15AnyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingSDecificalions.

AexpressionsBwarnings

CinstructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：阅读判断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没

有提及，请选择C.

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.Populationsaregrowingbiggerand

Thirstier（渴的），withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）。

Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury,whileestimatessuggestthat

waterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation,concentrated

inAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsia,willface'severewatershortages*by2025.Local

waterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld's

peoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025,puttingevenmorepressureonstretched

coastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（渔业）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainable

limits,andhalftheworld'scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoral

reefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities,theBanksays.

Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedaction

tosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly,andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsis

likelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatare

experiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthe

next30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationof

water.

Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountry

inEastAsia,Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater,afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by

2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertsto

exceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluse

appearsstilltobereasonable,ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan,andwillexceedthem

inIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwater

resources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水层）

-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwater

supplies.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23〜30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1〜4段

每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个

最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。Ifthepresentrateofhunting

andhabitat（栖息、地）destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbeno

chimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲居lj）。

Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheir

distantrelatives-humanbeings.

2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanand

chimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,

usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.In

fact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.

Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.These

factsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。Butthere

isanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.

Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedical

textbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.In

particular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatis

sointeresting.

4Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,the

virusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclined

becausetheyaresoresistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找至U）theplacewherethe

chimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscover

whichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,

theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsof

thesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration

（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencing

projecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23Paragraph1«

24Paragraph2。

25Paragraph3。

26Paragraph4。

AReasonsforHIVresistance

BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

CEffectiveAIDStreatment

DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

EChimps'resistancetoHIV

FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand“humans

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect。

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand。

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfrom

getting。

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto。

Asomehumandiseasetreatments

Bsomediseases

Chumansurvival

Dhumangenomes

Ekeyareas

Fhealthierlifestyle

第4部分：阅读理解（第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

YouthE>ancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstill

livingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34in>Spainstillsleepintheirparents'

homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestartedaYouth

Emancipation（解放）"programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfinding

roomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）

labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percenta

yearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社会学家）.

FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-axestrongerthanthose

inmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinher

report“TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth：KeyforUnderstanding”.

々工ngeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemain

bodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,“saidMinguez.

InSpain一especiallyinthecountryside^itisnotuncommontofindentire

groupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（夕卜侄/侄子）alllivingonthe

samestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-night

partyingandarewaxyofsettingbedtimerules.

'Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'11

putupafightandcallthefatherafascist,“saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,a

sociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.

31The“YouthEmancipation^^programaimsathelpingyoungpeople

Afightforfreedom.

Bliveinanindependentway.

Cfightagainstsocialinjustice.

Dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities.

32Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthanin

AFinland.

BGreece.

CSpain.

DItaly.

33Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT

Aparents'tolerance.

Bhousingproblems.

Cculturaltraditions.

Dunwillingnesstogetmarried.

34Whichofthefollowingstatementsis,NOTtrueofDionisioMasso?

ASheis60yearsold.

BShehasaboyfriend.

CShehasthreechildren.

DShelivesinMadrid.

35Thephrase“waryof?inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby

Atiredof.

Bafraidof.

Ccautiousabout.

Dworriedabout.

第二篇

ListeningtoBirdsong

Amalezebrafinch（雀科呜鸟）chirps（鸣）awaytohimself.Suddenlyhenotices

afemalebirdnearby.Herealizeshehasanaudienceandimmediatelychangeshis

song.Canthefemaletellthedifferenceinhisperformance?Accordingtoanew

study,thefemalezebrafinchknows.Andsheprefersthespecialtrillshecreates

whenhesingstoher.Amalezebrafinchchangeshissongwhensingingtoafemale

inwaysthatpeoplecanbarelydetect.Butthefemalefinchcantellthe

difference.

Scientistshadnoticedslightvariationsinthesongsofmalezebrafinches

basedonwhethertheyweresingingaloneorwhethertherewasafemale（and

potentialmate）nearby.Withanaudience,themalesspedupthepaceoftheirsongs

andcontrolledthenotestheyused.

Forthisstudy,.researchersSarahC.WoolleyandAllisonDoupeatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscodecidedtofocusattentiononthelistening

females,whichhavenotbeenwellstudiedinthepast.

Inthestudy,WoolleyandDoupesetupalongcagewithasoundspeakerateach

end.Onebroadcastthesoundofamalezebrafinchsingingtohimself,likesomeone

singingintheshower.Theotherspeakerbroadcastamaleperformingforafemale

audience,asifhewasgivingaconcert.

Femalebirdswereplacedbetweenthetwospeakers.Someofthebirdshadmates,

othersdidn't.Thefemalesshiftedaroundabit,也皿thenmostofthemhoppedover

tositbesidejustonespeaker.Allthebirdsthatmadeaclearchoicelikedsongs

meantforafemaleaudience,evenifthey'dnevermetthemale.

Matedfemalesalsohadachancetolistentotwodifferentperformancesongs,

□nefromanunknownmale,andonefromtheirmate.Theyspentmoretimelistening

totheconcertversionoftheirmates'songs,thissuggeststhatafterawhile,

femaleslearntorecognize-andprefer-thesongsoftheirmates.

Scientiststhenstudiedthebrainsofthefemales.Theyfoundcertainareasof

thebrainperkedup（活跃起来）whenthebirdslistenedtotheconcertsongs.These

brainareasmaybeinvolvedinrecognizingandevaluatingthesongs’andstoring

thememoriesofthem.

36Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbirdsongs?

AFemalezebrafinchesaretooshytosingbeforemales.

BMalezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemales.

CFemalezebrafinchesliketolistentounknownmalessing.

DMalezebrafincheschangetheirsongstoattractfemales.

37Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches?

AFemalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates

BFemalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.

CFemalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers,

DFemalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.

38Whatismeantby“concertsongs“inparagraph?

ASongssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.

BSongssungbyfemalefinchesformalefinches.

CSongssungbymalefinchesforfemalefinches.

DSongssungbymalefinchestootherfinches.

39Theexpression"directedcommunication“inthelastparagraphmeanscommunicationin

which

Athemessagesenderhasaspecificaudience.

Bthecommunicatorsendsmessagestohimself.

Ctwocommunicatorssendmessagestoeachother.

Dmotherstalktotheirbabiesintheirmothertongue.

40Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage?

AChirpingaway.

BZebrafinchesandtheirlife.

CBirdsongsascommunication.

DFrequenciesofbirdsongs.

/第J二«篇4rtj

activitiesthatweengagein,leavinguswithlittletodo.Moravecseesfour

generationsontheroadtotrueuniversalrobots.Thefirstgenerationwillbehere

by2010andwillconsistoffree-rangingrobotsthatcannavigatebybuildingan

internalmentalmapoftheirsurroundings.Innewsituationsthey311beableto

adapt,unliketoday'smobileindustrialrobots.Theserobotswillhavethe

computingpower,tocopewithsimplespeechandtextrecognition,andwillbeused

fortaskssuchasdomesticcleaning.

Thesecondgenerationwillarrivearound2020andwillbedistinguishedbythe

abilitytolearn.Secondgenerationrobotsaxeprogramdwithsetsofprimitive

tasksandwithfeedbackthatprovide"pleasure'and"pain"stimuli.Forexample,a

collisionprovokesanegativeresponse,acompletedtaskwouldbepositive.

Moveforwardanothertenyearsto2030andyougettogenerationthree.This

robotcanbuildinternalsimulationsoftheworldaroundit.Before=beginninga

task,itcanimaginewhatwillhappeninordertopredictproblems.Ifithasa

freemoment,itcanreplaypastexperiencesandtryvariationsinordertofinda

betterwayofdoingthingsnexttime.Itcouldevenobserveapersonor-another

robotperformingataskandlearnbyimitation.Forthefirsttime,wehaveherea

robotthatcanthink.

Bythetimewegettogenerationfourin2040,Moravecpredictsthatrobots

willbeableto：matchhumanreasoningandbehaviour;generaliseabstractideas

fromspecificexperience;and,conversely,compiledetailedplansofactionfrom

generalcommandssuchas'earnaliving3or'makemorerobots’.

TheMoravecmanifesto（宣告）runssomethinglikethis.Asrobotsstartto

becomeusefulingenerationone,they’11begintotakeon-manytasksinindustry.

Drivenbytheavailabilityofthischeapandtirelesslabourforce,theeconomy

willboomandthedemandforrobotswillgrowsorapidlythattheywillsoonbecome

low-costcommodityitemsSomuchsothatthey'11moveintothehome,wherethe

domesticrobotwillrelieveusofmanychores.

Withincreasingautomationingenerationstwoandthree,thelengthofthe

averageworkingdaywillpluuet^eventuallytonearzero.Mostpeoplewillbe

unemployedasrobotstakeovernotjustprimaryindustry,buttheserviceeconomy

too.Moravecseesthefourthgenerationasanopportunitytosurpassourhuman

limitations.

TheRobotMan

AccordingtoHansMoravec,universalrobotswilltakeoverallthephysical

41Whatwillbethedistinctivefeatureofthesecondgenerationrobots?

ATheywillbeabletorecognizespeechesandtexts.

BTheywillbeabletolearnbythemselves.

CTheywillbeabletopredictproblems.

DTheywillbeabletomatchhumanreasoningandbehavior.

42Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthefuturerobots?

ATheywillrelieveusofmanychores.

BTheywilltakeovertheinformationindustry.

CTheywillneversurpassus.

DTheywillbecomehigh-costcommodityitems.

43Theauthor'smainpurposeisto

AdescribethelifeofHansMoravec.

Bsupporttheviewthatrobotswillplayamajorroleinourlife.

CmakefunoftheviewsofHansMoravec.

Dgetpeoplepreparedforthethreatoffuturerobots.

44Theword“plummet“inparagraph6means

Adecrease.

Bstretch.

Cextend.

Dgrow.

45WhatdoesMoravecthinkofthesefuturerobots?

ATheywilllooklikepreviousbiologicalchildren

BTheywillbehumans1mind-children.

CTheywillcreateadangerousworld.

DTheywillruletheworld.

第5部分：补全短文（第46〜50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其

分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

MyLifeatRenda

Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant(TA)attheUniversityofIowawouldbe

differentfrombeingateacheratRenminUniversity.

(46)Eyesstaring,mouthsopen,studentsexaminedmybignose,whileIwaswriting

mynameontheblackboard.

AtIowa,whenmyfirstclassesbegan,halfofmystudentsstillhadn'tarrived.When

everyonefinallyfoundaseat,ringingcellphonesandloudyawns(哈欠)interruptedmy

openingremarks.ItisnotthatAmericanstudentsweredisrespectful.(47)They

were,however,farmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisIcouldn'tfault

themfortheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUSuniversities-especiallyfreshmenand

sophomores-oftenhaveseveralclassesasemesterhandledbyTAs.Insomecases,theTAsets

thecoursecontent.(48)Mosthavegoodintentions,butveryfewareaseffectiveas

professors.

Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstaclestolearning-nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswho

talkduringlectures,studentswhocheat,studentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperor

project-dealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.(49)

Thedifference,Ithink,isthatintheUSIhadtoswallowmoreofmypride.(50)

Ihadaresponsibilitytoteachthem,ofcourse,butIhadtodosoindirectly-asaguidewho

himselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.

AInmystudents'minds,Ihadlittletoofferthem,exceptperhapssomesamplequestions

forthemid-termexam.

BInothers,theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.

CIencounteredtheseinChina,andIfacedthemintheUS.

DOntheotherhand,beingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarilybad.

EMostwerepolite,oratleast,indifferent.

FBackatRenda,Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity

第6部分：完形填空(第51〜55题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短