职称英语卫生类b级模拟16

职称英语卫生类B级模拟16

第1部分：词汇选项

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句

子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1>Ashipwasreportedtobeindistressafewmilesoutatsea.

A.dangerB.formation

C.serviceD.develop

2、Itwasstatedbytherailwayboardthatthecostofrailfareswouldbe

increasedbytenpercent.

A.woodB.committee

C.lumberD.trunk

3、Theboyfeltfrustratedwhenhefoundhehaddifficultywithmostofthemath1s

problems.

A.proudofhimselfB.discouraged

C.scaredD.encouraged

4、Peoplewhodonotsleepenoughtendtobecomeirritable.

A.easilyannoyedB.ill

C.wearyD.stiffandsore

5、It1sconvenienttotakebussincebusesleaveatshortintervals,

A.rapidlyB.frequently

C.soonD.satisfactorily

6、Hestretchedthenetfromonesideoftherivertotheothersothatithung

downintothewater.

A.straightenedB.prolonged

C.ever-lastedD.spreadout

7>Theresidentsinthisareaaremostlyrichenoughtoaffordthiskindofproducts.

A.inhabitantsB.citizens

C.civilD.urbanpeople

8、Everythingcooperatedtomakeourjourneyasuccess.

A.contradictedB.workedtogether

C.broughtinD.gotout

9、Thegermsofinfluenzacanonlyexistinanacidcondition.

A.bacterium.B.mold

C.bacteriaD.medium

10、Defectsinasystemofeducationshouldbeimprovedgradually.

A.ImperfectionB.Deformity

C.CustomaryD.Communication

1

11>Duringthe1800'sandearly1900sznewacademicdisciplinessuchas

chemistryandphysicsmadegreatheadway.

A.sacrificeB.forefront

C.preconceptionsD.progress

12>Thiskindofanimalbecameextinctabout500yearsago.

A.exactB.unfrequented

C.nolongerexistingD.tender

13、EverydayTomhadnothingtodobutpassawaytime.

A.catchupwithB.waste

C.killD.save

14>Nooneknewwhetherthisexpressedacceptanceofhisfateorjoyathis

deliverance.

A.destinyB.doom

C.destinationD.detest

15、Steelisanalloycomposedprimarilyofironandcarbon.

A.traditionallyB.ironically

C.carefullyD.principally

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果

该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。

Becauseheadachesareapartofalmostallofourliveszpeoplewithchronic

headachessometimesdon11realizethattheymayneedtoseeadoctor.They

tendtobelieve,incorrectly,thattheirheadachesarelikeeveryoneelse*s

andtheywillonlybe"bothering（打扰，麻烦）“thedoctor.

“Whenshouldsomebodyseekmedicalhelpforheadaches?neurologistSeymour

Diamondasksrhetorically（提出问题进彳亍探讨）.Generally,wheneverheadachesare

associatedwithneurologicalsigns,suchasdizziness（头昏，头晕），weakness

inalimborlimbszvisionimpairmentofanysort—includingseeingflashing

lights—theywarrant（应受）immediateattention.Additionally,Diamondsaysthat

youshouldseekmedicalattention：

Ifyousufferfromalmostdailyheadaches；

Iftheheadacheisatypeyou1veneverhadbefore,ortherehasbeena

changeinthecharacter（特征）oftheheadache；

Ifyou1relosingtimefromworkoractivities,orotherwisebeingprevented

fromfunctioning.

Evenifyourheadachesarelessdramaticthanthosedescribedhere,if

theyareare-alproblemtoyou,youshouldseekhelp.Itmaybethatyour

doctorwillbeunabletofindaphysicalcauseforyourdiscomfort,butthat

maypointyouinotherdirectionstofindrelief.Someheadacheszparticularly

thosecausedbytension,haveamajorpsycho-logicalcomponentthatmight

berelievedthroughcounseling（走向,指导）・

16、Peoplewithchronicheadachesneverrealizethattheyneedtoseeadoctor.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Headacheshavebecomeincreasinglydifficulttotreat.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Theytendtobelievethattheywillnotbewelcomedbythedoctorifthey

gotoseehim.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Headachesareneverassociatedwithdizzinessandweaknessinalimbor

limbs.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Ifyousufferfromalmostdailyheadaches,youshouldseekmedicalattention.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Ifthereisachangeinthecharacteroftheheadache,youshouldnot

gotoseeadoctor.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Anydrugthatcombatstheheadachesisagreatstepforward.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中

为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正

确选项，分别完成每个句子。

Antibioticsaredrugsproducedbycertainmicrobes.Antibioticsubstances

areobtainedfrombacteriaandfungithatliveintheair,soilzandwater.

Mostantibioticsareusedbyphysicianstofightvariousdiseasescausedby

harmfulmicrobes.Afewareusedtotreatcertaincancers.Antibioticsare

sometimescalled"wonderdrugs1becausetheycancuremanydiseasesthatonce

wereoftenfatal.Thenumberofdeathsthatarecausedbypneumoniaandscarlet

feverhasdeclineddrasticallysincepeoplebeganusingantibiotics.

2.Therearemorethan70clinicallyusefulantibiotics,Antibioticsfight

pathogenicmicrobesandcancercellsbyinterferingwiththeirnormalcell

processes.Inmostcases,thisinterferencecanoccurinoneofthreeways：

preventionofcellwallformation,disruptionofthecellmembranezand

disruptionofchemicalprocesses.

3.Thecontentsofbacterialcellsareenclosedinamembranethatissurrounded

byarigidwallthatpreventsthecellsfromsplittingopen.Penicillinsand

someotherantibioticsdestroypathogenicmicrobesbyhinderingtheformation

ofthiswall.Humancellsdonothavenorneedrigidcellwallsandsoare

notdamagedbytheseantibiotics.

4.Someantibiotics,includingnystatin,disruptthecellmembraneofcertain

microbes.Thismembranecontrolsthemovementofmaterialsinandoutofthe

cell.Ifthemembraneisdisrupted,vitalnutrientsmayescapefromthecell,

orpoisonoussubstancesmayenterandkillthecell.Butthemembranesof

humancellsarenotaffectedbecausetheseantibioticsdisruptcellmembranes

thatcontainelementsfoundonlyinmicrobialcells.

5.Allcellsproduceproteinsandnucleicacidszwhicharevitaltothelife

ofanyorganism.Someantibioticsfightdiseasebyinterferingwiththechemical

processesbywhichthesesubstancesareproduced.Forexample,streptomycin

preventcertainkindsofmicrobesfromproducingproteinszandrifampin

interfereswiththeformationofnucleicacids.Humancellsproduceproteins

andnucleicacidsinmuchthesamewaythatmicrobialcellsdo.Butthese

processesdifferenoughsothatsomeantibioticsinterferewithchemical

activitiesinmicrobialcellsbutnotinhumancells.

23、Paragraph2°

A.Antibioticsdestroypathosenicmicrobesbypreventingtheformation

ofthewallssurroundingthemembranesofthemicrobialcellsthatprevent

thecellsfromsplit-tingopen.

B.Morethan70clinicallyusefulantibioticshavebeenin-ventedtofight

pathogenicmicrobesandcancercellsbyinteractingwiththeirnormalcell

processes.

C.Humancellsarenotsurroundedbyamembrane

D.Someantibioticsdisruptthecellmembraneofcertainmicrobes,letting

vitalnutrientstoescapeformthecellorpoisonoussubstancestoenterand

killthecell.

E.Nystatinisusedtodisruptthewallsurroundingthemembrane.

F.Someantibioticsfightdiseasebyinterferingwithchemicalactivities

inmicrobialcellsbutnotinhumancells.

24、Paragraph3。

25、Paragraph4。

26、Paragraph50

27、Antibioticscurediseasesthatusedtobeincurable,sotheyaresometimes

called

A.antibioticsdisruptcellmembranesthatcontainelementsfoundonly-

inmicrobialcells

B.peoplebeganusingantibiotics

C.wonderdrugs

D.Penicillinmaydestroynormalcellsofhumanbeings

Evitaltothelifeofanyorganism

F.disruptionofthecellmembrane

28、Thenumberofpeoplewhodiedfrompneumoniaandscarletfeverhasdeclined

since

29、Themembranesofhumancellscannotbedisruptedbecause......

30、Allcellsproduceproteinsandnucleicacidswhichare

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根

据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一答

Astudythatwillcost$3.2billionandlastmorethantwodecadesto

trackthehealthof100,000U.S.childrenfrombeforebirthtoage21will

belaunchedinJanuary,U.S.healthofficialssaidonFriday.

OfficialsfromtheU.S.government1sNationalInstitutesofHealthsaid

theyhopethestudy,tobeconductedat105locationsthroughouttheUnited

States,canhelpidentifyearly-lifeinfluencesthataffectlaterdevelopment,

withthegoaloflearningnewwaystotreatorpreventillness.

Thestudywillexaminehereditaryandenvironmentalfactorssuchasexposure

tocertainchemicalsthataffecthealth.

Researcherswillcollectgeneticandbiologicalsamplesfrompeoplein

thestudyaswellassamplesfromthehomesofthewomenandtheirbabies

includingair,water,dustandmaterialsusedtoconstructtheirresidencesz

theNIHsaid.

Officialssaidmorethan$200millionhasbeenspentalreadyandthestudy

isprojectedtocost$3.2billion.

"Weanticipatethatinthelongterm,whatwelearnfromthestudywill

resultinasignificantsavingsinthenation*shealthcarecosts,nDr.Duane

Alexander,whoheadstheNIH1sEuniceKennedyShriverNationalInstitute

ofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment,toldreporters.

ThestudywillbegininJanuarywhentheUniversityofNorthCarolinaand

theMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYorkstartsigninguppregnantwomen

whosebabieswillthenbefollowedtoage21.

Someoftheearlyfindingswillbeaboutfactorsbehindpre-termbirth,

whichhasbecomemorecommoninrecentyearszaccordingtoDr.PeterScheldt

oftheNIH,whoheadsthestudy.

Thepeopletakingpartwillbefromrural,urbanandsuburbanareas,from

allin-comeandeducationallevelsandfromallracialgroups,theNIHsaid.

31>Theaimofthestudyistofindnewwaysto.

A.conductresearch

B.trackpublichealth

C.preventortreatillness

D.speedupdevelopment

32、ResearcherswillcollectallthefollowingEXCEPT•

A.geneticsamplesfrompeopleinthestudy

B.biologicalsamplesfrompeopleinthestudy

C.samplesfromthehomesofthewomenandtheirbabies

D.samplesofairandwaterfromhospitals

33、Itisexpectedthatthroughthestudythenation*shealthcarecosts.

A.willbeloweredinthelongrun

B.willbesignificantlyincreased

C.willbemorethan$200million

D.willreach$3.2billion

34、Thebabiesoftheparticipantswillbefollowed.

A.throughouttheirlives

B.formorethantwodecades

C.frombirthto21months

D.untiltheygetmarried

35、WhichisNOTtrueofthepeopleinthestudy?

A.They*11befromvariousareas.

B.They,11befromallincomelevels.

C.They,11befromalleducationallevels.

D.They*11befromallagegroups.

弟—^扁

Speechtherapistsdividetheircasesintocommonandcomplex.Anexample

ofacomplexcaseisapersonsufferingfromaphasia.Thisisthelossof

theabilitytounder-standand/orusespeech.Therearemanycausesofaphasia,

includingpartialbraindam-agethatleavestheindividualwiththephysical

abilitytospeak.Iftheindividualisabletospeakbutdoesnotzthetherapist

mustdeterminethecauseofsuchconduct.Often,speechtherapistsdetermine

thatproblemsareemotionalandrefertheindividualswithsuchproblemsto

psychologistsorpsychiatriststrainedtohelpthem.

Whileaspeechtherapistisnottrainedtohelppersonswithsevereemotional

disorderszthetherapistdoesreceiveextensivetraininginsuchareasas

anatomy(asitrelatestospeech,concentratingonthediaphragm,tongue,and

palate),physics(particularlyrelatingtosound),andlanguageand

communications.Sometherapiststakeclassesinelementarypsychologyaswell.

Thespeechtherapistmustbeabletodiagnosethetypeandseverityof

thespeechdefectzthenprescribeaseriesoftreatments.Whilesomepeople

withseverehandicapsreceiveindividualinstruction,mostpatientsare

comfortablereceivinggrouptherapywithotherswhohavethesameproblem.

Ifapatientisfoundtohaveaphysicalhandicapthatisimpedinghisprogress,

heissenttoadoctorwithwhomthetherapistworksclosely.

Manytherapistshaveahighsuccessratewiththeirpatients.Noscientific

studieshaveyetshownwhethertheinterventionofthetherapistwasinfact

thesolecauseoftheimprovementofthepatients,orwhethertimeandmaturity

helpedaswell.Arecentstudyhasshownthatpersonswhohavenotreceived

speechtherapyhaveoftenbeen"cured1oftheirproblemsmerelybybeingaround

otherswithouttheproblem.However,thatsamestudyshowedthatthosefew

personswhowerenottreatedbytherapistshadextremelylowself-esteemand

consideredthemselves'*different11and"retarded".Thetherapistsoftenare

abletomakethepatientsseethatwhiletheyaredifferent,thedifference

isnotoftheirownmaking,thattheyhavenotdonesomethingwrong.Therapists

trytoreachchildrenwhentheyareveryyoung,beforetheyhavehadanopportunity

tobeteasedbyotherchildrenormadetofeeltheyare"stupid".Therapists

oftenworkwithwholefamilieszencouragingtheparentsandsiblingstolisten

tothepatients,takingthetimetohelpthemfeeltheyareanimportantpart

ofthefamily,notjustbrushingthemoffbecausetheeffortofinterpreting

theirspeechistoogreatortime-consuming.

36、Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasafunctionofthespeechtherapist?

A.Todiagnosethenatureandseverityofthedefect.

B.Todeterminethecauseofaphasiainchildrenwhoarephysicallycapable

ofspeech.

C.Togiveemotionalsupporttoachild,showingherthatthedefectis

notfaultofherown.

D.Toprescribemedicationthatwillhelpthepatientrelaxanduseher

speechmusclesproperly.

37、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CausesandCuresofSpeechDefects

B.TrainingRequirementsforSpeechTherapists

C.TheDutiesofSpeechTherapists

D.TheHistoryofSpeechTherapy

38、Fromthepassage,youmayinferthatgrouptherapyisgiventothemajority

ofpeoplebecause_______.

A.itischeaper

B.itislesstime-consuming

C.ithelpsthepatientsfeeltheyarenotalonewiththeirspeechdefects

D.ithelpsthepatientslearnfromtheothers

39、Youmayinferthattheauthorfeelsthatoneoftheprimarybenefitsof

speechtherapyisthatit.

A.curesthepatient*sdefect

B.teachesthepatienttolivewiththedefect

C.makesthepublicawareoftheneedformedicalresearch

D.helpsthepatientkeephisself-respect

40、Thepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutaphasia?

A.Itissymptomaticofmentalretardation.

B.Itisoftenfoundinveryyoungchildren.

C.Itiscausedbyphysicaldamagetothebrain,makingthepatientunable

tospeak.

D.Itisacomplexspeechdefect.

Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattract

apotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,qualityandutility,

anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inthehealthcareindustry,however,

thedoctor-patientrelation-shipisthemirrorimageoftheordinary

relationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosen

toseeaphysician,thephysicianusuallymakesallsignificantpurchasing

decisions：whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nestWednesday11whetherX-rays

areneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysician

mustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswill

beperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatient

maybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthe

doctor1sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesof

thehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,

themedicalstaffrepresentstheHpowercenterHinhospitalpolicyand

decision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipantsz

thephysician,thehospitalzthepatientandthepayer(generallyaninsurance

carrierorgovernment),thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionforall

ofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysicians；thepayergenerally

meetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospitaland

forthemostpart,thepatient1splaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminor

illnessorjustplainworrieszthepatient*soptionsareofcourse,muchgreater

withrespecttouseandprice.Butinillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,

suchchoicetendstoevaporate.Anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulk

ofthehealthcaredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75N80percent

ofhealthcareexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.For

thisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicare

relativelyineffective.

41NTheauthor1sprimarypurposeis。

A.tocriticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

B.toanalyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

C.tourgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

D.toinformpotentialpatientsoftheirhealthcarerights

42、Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpolicies

because_______.

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostapatient*sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C•hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

D.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient*shealth

43、Accordingtoauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientsto"returnnextWednesday,

doctorisinfact_______.

A.takingadvantageofthepatient*sconcernforhishealth

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.warmingthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary

D.advisingtopatienttoseekasecondopinion

44、Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto.

A.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofnewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.acomparisonofhospitalandfactories

45、Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewriter*sattitudetowardhospital

policiesis