职称英语-职称英语卫生类b级模拟41

职称英语卫生类B级模拟41

第1部分：词汇选项

请从每个句子后面所给的选项中选择一个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1>BeforetheCivilWar,FrederickDouglass*editorialsfortheNorthStar

urgedrespectfortherightsofallpeople.

A.advocatedB.createdC.foresawD.granted

2、NumerousparallelsexistbetweenErnestHemingway*slifeandthelivesof

hischaracters.

A.studiesB.problemsC.similaritiesD.biases

3、TherearefossilremainsofdinosaursIntherockystrataofeverycontinent.

A.layersB.areasC.peaksD.canyons

4、AlthoughaherdofAfricanelephantsmayhaveuptoonethousand

members,Asiaticelephantsliveinbandsoffivetosixtyanimals.

A.asmanyasB.morethanC.fewerthanD.atleast

5、Jumpingspidershaveexcellenteyesightandcanseetheirpreyfromadistance

twentytimestheirownlength.

A.victimB.targetC.nestD.prize

6、Thedepartmentchairmanrefusedtoauthorizetherequisition.

A.requestB.transferC.grantD.project

7、Machinetoolsvaryinsizefromhandhe1ddevicesusedfordrillingandgrinding

tolargestationarymachinesthatperformanumberofdifferentoperations.

A.existB.expandC.compareD.range

8、Yourplanwillcallforalotofmoney.

A.acquireB.requireC.remindD.degrade

9、Evenwithdetailedknowledgeaboutanarea,geologistscannoteasilylocate

storesofundergroundnaturalgas.

A.varietiesB.mapsC.suppliesD.shops

10、Pearlfishing,orthesearchforpearlbearingoysters,takesplaceinshallow

waters.

A.istaughtB.occursC.isprohibitedD.starts

11>Someabnormalhumanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupset

delicatechemicalbalancesinthebrain.

A.nourishB.favorC.preventD.disturb

12>TheboatsoftheearliestvoyagerstotheNorthAmericancontinentwere

exceptionallywellbuilt.

A.shoesB.plowsC.barnsD.ships

13>Goodhealthisafamily1smostvaluedpossession.

A.noticeableB.usefulC.costlyD.precious

14、Penicillinwasdiscoveredbychancein1928.

A.finallyB.accidentally

C.experimentallyD.opportunely

15、Theconcertwascalledoffduetothestorm.

A.recommendedB.demanded

C•amendedD.cancelled

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

BeesandColour

Onourtableinthegardenweputabluecard,andallaroundthisblue

cardweputanumberofdifferentgreycards.Thesegreycardsareofall

possibleshadesofgreyandincludewhiteandblack.Oneachcardawatch-glass

isplaced.Thewatch-glassonthebluecardhassomesyrup（果汁）init,all

theothersareempty.Afterashorttimebeesfindthesyrupzandtheycome

foritagainandagain.Then,aftersomehourszwetakeawaythewatch-glass

ofsyrupwhichwasonthebluecardandputanemptyoneinitsplace.

Nowwhatdothebeesdo?Theystillgostraighttothebluecard,although

thereisnosyrupthere.Theydonotgotoanyofthegreycards,inspite

ofthefactthatoneofthegreycardsisofexactlythesamebrightnessas

thebluecard.Thusthebeesdonotmistakeanyshadeofgreyforblue.In

thiswaywehaveprovedthattheydoreallyseeblueasacolour.

Wecanfindoutinjustthesamewaywhatothercoloursbeescansee.It

turnsoutthatbeescanseevariouscolourszbuttheseinsectsdifferfrom

usasregardstheircolour-senseintwoveryinterestingways.Supposewe

trainbeestocometoaredcard,and,havingdoneso,weputtheredcard

onthetableinthegardenamongthesetofdifferentgreycards.Thistime

wefindthatthebeesmistakeredfordarkgreyorblack.Theycannotdistinguish

betweenthem.Thismeansthatredisnotacolouratallforbees；forthem

itisjustdarkgreyorblack.

Thatisonestrangefact；hereisanother.Arainbowisredononeedge,violet

ontheother.Outsidethevioletoftherainbowthereisanothercolourwhich

wecannotseeatall.Thiscolourbeyondtheviolet,invisibletous,iscalled

theultra-violet.Althoughitisinvisible,weknowthattheultra-violet

istherebecauseitaffectsaphotographicplate.Now,althoughweareunable

toseeultra-violetlight,beescandoso；forthemultra-violetisacolour.

Thusbeesseeacolourwhichwecannotevenimagine.Thishasbeenfoundout

bytrainingbeestocomeforsyruptovariouspartsofaspectrum,orartificial

rainbow,thrownbyaprismonatableinadarkroom.Insuchanexperiment

theinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violetzwhichforusisjust

darkness.

16、Theexperimentwithbeesdescribedinthefirstandsecondparagraphs

tellusthatbeesregardblueasacolour.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Thethirdparagraphtellsusthatbeesalsoregardredasacolour.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Theexperimentdescribedinthesecondparagraphaimedtofindoutthat

beesarenotabletoseegreyasaeolour.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Anartificialrainbowwascreatedfortheexperimenttoseewhetherbees

canrecognizetheultra-violetasacolour.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>Thefourthparagraphtellsusthatbeesmaybeharmedbyultra-violet

light.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatbeesrecognizecoloursinthesame

wayashumanbeings.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Beesaremoresensitivetocoloursthanhumanbeings.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：要求从所给的选项中选择正确选项，分别

完成每个句子。

StanfordUniversity

1StanfordUniversity,famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia1sseveral

institutionsofhigherlearning,issometimescalledHtheHarvardoftheWest.

"TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFrancisco,acitythirty-twomilestothe

north,givestheuniversityadecidectlycosmopolitanflavor.

2ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.But

mostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanford,andmanyforeignstudents

studyhere,aswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenand

womenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercent

oftheirhighschoolclasses.

3NotonlybecauseofthehighcaliberofitsstudentsButalsoBecause

ofthedesirablelocationandclimatezStanfordhasattractedtoitsfacuhy

someoftheworld*smostrespectedscholars.Theuniversitystaffhasincluded

manyNobelPrizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBloch,Dr.RobertHofstadter,and

Dr.WilliamShockleyinphysics,Dr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberg

inmedicine,andDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.The

RussiannovelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasBeeninresidence.Stanford1s

undergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusiness,law,

andmedicineareespeciallywe11-regarded.

4Whatisstudentlifelikeon"TheFarm"?Cuhurally,thecampusisa

magnetforBothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Playszconcerts,

andoperasareperformedintheuniversity1sseveralauditoriumsandinits

outdoortheater,wheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesare

presentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademic

lifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Intheevenings,manystudentsgatherto

socializeintheStudentUnion*scoffeehouse；heretheBeveragesandthe

atmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-minded,the

Stanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.Teamsports,

swimming,andtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanford

picture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.

5InadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumnizStanfordreceivesgrants

fromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropicfoundations.Inrecent

yearszgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefields

ofhistory,psychology,education,andatomicenergy.AtpresentsStanford

iscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogram,financedinpartbytheFord

Foundation1s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysics

building,newschoolofbusiness,newgraduateschooloflaw,newstudent

union,andundergraduatelibrary.

A.Colorfullifeonthecampus

B.Intelligentstudentbody

C.Schooladministration

D.Distinguishedfaculty

E.Substantialfinancialsupport

F.TheHarvardoftheWest

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.theycanfindthebeststudents

B.theuniversity1sacademicadvancementandphysicalextension

C.someofthemostdistinguishedscholarsoftheworld

D.whereasportsmeetisheldeveryyear

E.musthavebeenthetopstudentsintheirclass

F.mustbehardworking

27、ThosehighschoolgraduateswhocanenterStanfordUniversity

28、Manyprofessorsliketoteachinthisuniversitypartlybecausehere

29、Onthefacultyoftheuniversitythereare.

30、Financialsupportfrombothprivateorganizationsandthegovernmenthas

madepossible.

第4部分：阅读理解

阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题

Late-nightDrinking

Coffeeloversbeware.Havingaquick"pick-me-up"cupofcoffeellatein

thedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantzcaffeine

interruptstheflowofmelatonin,thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleinto

asleep.

Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.

Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.,beforefallingagain."It1s

theneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleep

andwhentowake,”saysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemio1ogy

ResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsrael

havefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody1slevelsofthissleep

hormone.

LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversity

foundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffee

thanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaverage,subjectsslept336

minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffee,comparedwith415minutes

afterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-and

jiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.

Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimentztheresearcherswolfethevolunteers

everythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasured

concentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthat

melatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.

InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicine,theresearcherssuggest

thatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.

Becauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebody,Ohayon

recommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.

31>Theauthormentions"pick-me-up"toindicatethat.

A.melatoninlevelsneedtoberaised

B.neurohormonecanwakeusup

C.coffeeisastimulant

D.decalisacaffeinatedcoffee

32、Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?

A.Caffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatstopsmelatoninproduction.

B.Caffeineinterruptstheflowofthehormonethatpreventspeoplefrom

sleeping.

C.Caffeinehalvesthebody*slevelsofsleephormone.

D.Caffeinestaysinthebodyformanyhours.

33、Whatdoesparagraph3mainlydiscuss?

A.Differenteffectsofcaffeinatedcoffeeanddecafonsleep.

B.DifferentfindingsofLotanShiloandateamaboutcaffeine.

C.Thefactthatthesubjectsslept415minutespernightafterdrinking

decaf.

D・Theevidencethatthesubjectstookhalfanhourtofallasleep.

34、Whatdoestheexperimentmentionedinparagraph4prove?

A.Therearemoreenzymesindecafdrinkers*urinesample.

B.Therearemoremelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkers1urine

sample.

C.Decafdrinkersproducelessmelatonin.

D.Caffeinedrinkersproducelesssleephormone.

35、Theauthorofthispassageprobablyagreesthat.

A.coffeeloverssleeplessthanthosewhodonotdrinkcoffee

B.weshouldnotdrinkcoffeeaftersupper

C.peoplesleepmoresoundlyatmidnightthanat3a.m.

D.ifwefeelsleepyatnightzweshouldgotobedimmediately

弟一^扁

SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?Findingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe

ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheory

thatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhilethe

restofthebodyiscatchingzzz1s.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersuniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrain

wavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectrical

activityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocesses

sensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningand

memory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationinbrainwavesfromthetwo

regionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivity

fromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthe

hippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetween

thetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.

Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsofthe

NationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohigh

glucoselevels.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfrom

increasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversity

SchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageage

was69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelszwhichtendtoincreasewithage,

affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecall

tests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquickly

sugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody1stissues.Subjectswiththe

poorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorest

glucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampus

shrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

"Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememory-

deficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.11Convitsays."Anditraisestheintriguing

possibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associated

problemsincognition"Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevels

incheck,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.

36、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentence

“Tosleep.Perchancetofile"?_______

A.Doesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?

B.Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

C.Doesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?

D.Doesbrainrememberfilesafteronefailsasleep?

37、Whatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutat

RutgersUniversity?_______

A.Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.

B.Theelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.

C.Somatosensoryneocortexplaysaprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.

D.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemory

consolidation.

38、Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedby

aresearchmentionedinparagraph4?_______

A.Peoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.

B.Peoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.

C.Thepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.

D.Memorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.

39、Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

A.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone1smemory.

B.Thereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.

C.Thelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone1smemory.

D.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone1smemory.

40、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoing

tothegym?_______

A.Tocontrolweight.

B.Topreventhippocampusshrinkage.

C.Tocontrolglucoselevels.

D.Toexercise.

第三篇

High-speedRailonTrack

IfanagreementsignedinGermanyworksout,travellersofthisAsiancity

mayonedaybeabletozipfromthedowntownareatoitsnewairportona

trainridingastreamofmagneticenergyatspeedsupto500kilometresper

hour.

The40-kilometres-trip-nowsometimesalonghourjourneywhenthetraffic

isheavy-couldbecuttolessthan10minutes.

Sucharethegoalsofacostlyprojectdesignedtohelpto"shorten*the

distancebetweenthecitycentreandthesuburbanbusyairportbymakingit

easierandfastertocarrytravellerstoandbackfromtheairport.

ThemayorofthecityandGermany1sThyssenKruppAGworkedoutanagreement

inBerlinonlyseveraldaysagothatlaysthegroundworkforthemagnetic

levitationtrainline.Theysignedacommitmenttocarryoutafeasibility

studyontheprojectandoutlinedthecity*sintentiontoimportGerman

technology.Thisproject,oncecompletedandacceptabletothetwobusiness

partieszwillbeadouble-win,theGermancompanycanbenefitfromexporting

itstechnologyandequipmentandthecityreceivingGermantechnologycan

improveitstrafficandfurtherstrengthenitspositionasaCosmopolis.

CalledMaglevforshort,thesystemunderdiscussionmakesuseofahigh-speed

trainlevitatedaboveaguidewayandpropelledbymagneticfields.Theproject

hasbeeninthetalkingstageforseveralmonths.

HansUeberschaer,German1sambassadorvisitedthecitytogetherwithHarmut

HeinezrepresentativeofThyssenKrupp.Theyhadaninitialdiscussionwith

themayorthereabouttheprospectoftheproject.Thetalkswerebelieved

tobeconstructiveandpavedthewayforthefuturetalksinBerlin,where

acommitmentwasreached.

SourcesfamiliarwiththetalksestimatedthattheprojectwouldcostUS$723

million,whichwouldcovereverythingfromlandusefeesandrailconstruction

totraincars.Completiondateis2005.Ajointventurecompanyistobe

establishedfortheproject.

41、WhopavedthewayforfurthernegotiationsinBerlin?

A.Themayor.

B.BoththeGermanambassadorandthemayor.

C.TheGermanambassador.

D.TherepresentativefromtheGermancompany.

42、Whatwasthesignedcommitmentmainlyabout?

A.FinalizingthepaymentofUS$723million.

B.Establishingajointventurecompany.

C.Conductingafeasibilitystudy.

D.OutliningtheGermancompany*sintentiontoexportitstechnology.

43、WhatisthemainfeatureofMaglev?

A.TheMaglevtrain"floatsHabovetheguidewayandziptoitsdestination.

B.TheMaglevtrainzipstoitsdestinationontherailway.

C.TheMaglevtrainzipstoitsdestinationonadoubleguideway.

D.TheMaglevtraincancarrymorepassengersthantheelectrictrain.

44、Howlargewillbethesuccessrateoftheagreementsignedbythetwo

businesspartiesaccordingtothepassage?_______

A.ItisverylikelythatthecitywillhaveaGerman-builtMaglevline.

B.ItisverylikelythatKruppwillbantheexportofitstechnology.

C.Itisverylikelythatthecitycannot