学位英语复习资料：阅读讲义及详解

阅读理解

【学习内容】

1.题型介绍

2.解题策略

3.答题步骤

4.解题技巧

一、题型介绍

考查的能力题型

掌握所读材料的主旨和大意主旨题

了解阐述主旨的事实和细节细节题

利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义词汇题

根据所读材料进行判断、推论或做出结论推论题

领会作者的观点、意图和态度态度题

二、解题策略

(-)主旨题

这类题型主要是用来考查考生是否理解了文章或段落的主旨和大意，也考查考生区别主要信息与次

要信息的能力。其提问方式常有以下几种：

Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?

Whatdoesthispassagemainlyconcern?

Themainpointofthepassageis.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassageis.

主旨是一篇文章或一个段落的核心，是作者写作意图的体现。就学士学位英语考试而言，文章或段

落的主旨通常以主题句(topicsentence)的形式出现。

应试策略1：

如果时间紧迫，就略读(skimming)文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句，因为这些地方最能体

现文章的主旨大意。主旨应该是宏观的，但又不能失之空泛。

例I：Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theagriculturerevolution

B.theinventionoflabor-savingmachinery

C.thedevelopmentofscientificagriculture

D.thefanningmachineryinAmerica

【答案】B

【解析】根据第一段的前两句：Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcentury

involvedtwothings:theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentof

scientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelabor

wasscarce.可以看出，这里进一步谈论的是关于Labor-savingmachinery,所以它

应该是文章的主题，故答案为B。

原文：Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionof

labor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturally

appearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce/'InEurope”,saidThomasJefferson,t4thcobjectistomakethemost

oftheirland,

laborbeingsufficient;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundanfMtwasinAmerica,

therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.

Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude（粗糙的）plow,farmerscouldhavecarried

practicallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860,mostofthemachineryinusetoday

hadbeendesignedinanearlyfbrm.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearly

as1890CharlesNewboltofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthis

entirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention....

例2：Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe.

A.WordsandFeelings

B.Words,GesturesandFeelings

C.GesturesandFeelings

0.CultureandUnderstanding

【答案】C

【解析】本文的第一段提到了words,gestures和feelings,但是接下来的论述是

关于gestures和feelings的,如：laughter,crying,fear等都是表达人的feeling

的，故本文的主题应该是GesturesandFeelingso

原文：Weusebothwordsandgesturestoexpressourfeelings,buttheproblemisthatthesewordsand

gesturescanbeunderstoodindifferentways.

Itistruethatasmilemeansthesamethinginanylanguage.Sodoeslaughterorcrying.Therearealsoa

numberofstrikingsimilaritiesinthewaydifferentanimalsshowthesamefeelings.Dogs,tigersand

humans,forexample,oftenshowtheirteethwhentheyareangry.Thisisprobablybecausetheyarebom

withthosebehaviorpatterns.

Fearisanotheremotionthatisshowninmuchthesamewayallovertheworld.InChineseandinEnglish

literature,aphraselike“hewentpaleandbegintotremble^^suggeststhatthemaniseitherveryafraidorhe

hasjustgotaverybigshock.However,“heopenedhiseyeswide“isusedtosuggestangerinChinese

whereasinEnglishitmeanssurprise.InChinesesurprisecanbedescribedinaphraselike“theystretched

outtheirtongues"！StickingoutyourtongueinEnglishisaninsultinggestureorexpressesstrongdislike.

Eveninthesameculture,peopledifferinabilitytounderstandandexpressfeelings.Experimentsin

Americahaveshownthatwomenareusuallybetterthanmenatrecognizingfear,anger,loveandhappiness

onpeople'sfaces.Otherstudiesshowthatolderpeopleusuallyfinditeasiertorecognizeorunderstand

bodylanguagethanyoungerpeopledo.

应试策略2：

在快速阅读原文的同时，考生应善于捕捉文章中频率出现高的关键词，这些词往往蕴含了文章的中

心思想。这些关键词一般是同一词语的高频出现，也有可能表现为同类词（上下义词、同义词或同

根词）贯穿全文。

例1：Agoodtitleforthispassageis.

A.Sleep

B.Dreams

C.GoodHealth

D.WorkandRest

原文：

Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthis

time,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesofthepreviousday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingenables

yourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.

Therearefourlevelsofsleep,eachbeingalittledeeperthantheonebefore.Asyousleep,yourmuscles

relaxlittlebylittle.Yourheartbeatsmoreslowly,andyourbrainslowsdown.Afteryoureachthefourth

level,yourbodyshiftsbackandforthfromonelevelofsleeptotheother.

Althoughyourmindslowsdown,fromtimetotimeyouwilldream.Scientistswhostudysleepstatethat

whendreamingoccurs,youreyeballsbegintomovemorequickly(althoughyoureyelidsareclosed).This

stageofsleepiscalledREM,whichstandsforrapideyemovement.

Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,somepeoplerecommendbreathingveryslowlyandverydeeply.Other

peoplebelievethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillhelpmakeyoudrowsy.Thereisalsoanoldsuggestionthat

countingsheepwillputyoutosleep!

【答案】A

【解析】整篇文章都是围绕着睡眠展开的，提到了关于睡眠的多个方面。所以

文章的标题就是sleep。

(-)细节题

考生不仅需要从宏观上把握文章内容，还应该从微观上了解短文透露的具体信息，如时间、地点、

人物、物体、性格、特征、长度、距离、过程、原因、条件、结果等等。反映在考题上，就是具体

情景题，即对文中具体事实和细节(factsanddetails)进行提问。有时候，这类题目会进一步演化为

是非判断题(trueorfalse),考查学生一定的辨别和排除能力。

应试策略1：

找到试题中的关键词，对试题在文章中的位置进行精确定位，然后阅读与试题相关的句子，对比选

项得出正确答案。

例1：Thedifferencebetweenthecontrolgroupandtheexperimentalgroupwas.

A.thetrainingthatparentsreceived

B.theageofthechildren

C.thebooksthatwereread

D.thenumberofthechildren

原文：

Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedinthe

experimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentswere

givenatwo-hourtrainingsessioninwhichtheyweretaughttoaskopen-endedquestionsratherthan

yes-or-noqucstions.Forexample,theparentshouldask,“Whatisthedoggiedoing?"ratherthan“Isthe

doggierunningaway?”Theparentsintheexperimentalgroupwerealsoinstructedinhowtohelpchildren

findanswers,howtosuggestalternativepossibilitiesandhowtopraisecorrectanswers.

【答案】A

【解析】原文中说Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentsweregivenatwo-hour

trainingsession,这正是本题的答案。

例2：Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren.

A.aretwodifferenttypesofchildren

B.aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofcleverness

C.havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinking

D.havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld

原文：

Ifyoulookatchildren,you1!!seegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecallubright"childrenand"not-bright"

children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountof

intelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutaboutlife-hetriestogetintouchwith

everythingaroundhim.But,theunintelligentchildkeepsmoretohimselfandhisowndream-world;he

seemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.

【答案】A

【解析】原文说Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesame

kindwithdifferentamountofintelligence,A项中的types对应这句话中的kindSo

例3：Accordingtothispassage,intelligenceis.

A.theabilitytostudywell

B.theabilitytodowellinschool

C.theabilitytodealwithlife

D.theabilitytogethighscoresonsometests

原文：

Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresoncertainkindsoftestsor

eventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyina

neworupsettingsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadof

howmuchheknowswhattodo.

【答案】C

【解析】原文说Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,由此可以

看出答案是C。

(三)词汇题

词汇题是学士学位英语阅读理解测试中的重要一项。词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚

至句子等找出近义词或者最合适的解释。因此，词汇题在很大程度上是根据上下文推测词义。常见

的提问方式有：

(1)Accordingtothewriter,thewordmeans.

(2)Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"...”inparagraph...?

(3)Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto

(4)Theterm"inparagraph...canbebestreplacedby....

(5)What'sthemeaningof"...ninline...ofparagraph...?

(6)Whatdoes"it"referstoinLine2,Paragraph5?

应试策略1：

对于生词、难词，文章一定会在上下文中进行解释、说明或者用一个比较简单的词重复该词，因此,

这类题并不难做。寻读(scanning)定位相关词的出处，根据上下文来推断其义，特别要注意被考词

前后的一些连接词(如and,or,for,but等)，可以通过它们表达的逻辑关系来判断词义。

例1：Theword"scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto.

A.goodstoriesB.pains

C.ExperiencesD.memories

原文：

Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violence

andtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivethese

experiencesinnightmares(噩梦).

【答案】B

【解析】scar：伤疤，创伤。从上下文的意思也可以看出来，与它接近的选项是

painso

例2：Theword“sedentary“inParagraph4probablymeans.

A.havingalotofthingstodo

B.involvinglittleexerciseorphysicalactivity

C.beingisolatedfromtheoutsideworld

0.experiencingalotofstress

原文：

Today,societyplacesalotofemphasisontechnology.Computers,DVDs,CDs,television,PlayStations

andXboxeshavebecomemajorleisureactivities,ratherthantraditionalmoreactivepursuits.Thishasled

toamoresedentarylifestyle.

【答案】B

【解析】通过划线词前面的ratherthantraditionalmoreactivepursuits可以看出来，

现代人拥有的是更加不活跃的生活方式，活动量比较少。

应试策略2：

可以利用被考单词的修饰、限定成分来判断其含义，这是最直接的方法。这种修饰与限定可以表现

为多种形式。可以通过特殊标点符号（如冒号、破折号、引号等）引出修饰成分，也可直接表现为

定语或其他修饰语。

例1：Theword“nightmare“inthispassage（Line1,paragraph1）means.

A.frighteningdreamB.veryunpleasantsituation

C.verystrangeexperienceD.extraordinaryevent

原文：

Itisyourworstnightmare:youarrivebackhomeafterworkoraholidaytofindthatsomeoneelsehas

movedintoyourflatorhouse.Theyplaytheirmusicloudlyonyourrecorder,sleepinginyourbedand

makeaterriblemess（脏乱）.Andtheyrefusetoleave.Thisiswhatmanypeopleunderstandbytheterm

“squatting".

【答案】B

【解析】通过后面的描述可以看出来，这里的nightmare指的是令人非常不愉快

的现象。

应试策略3：

关于“it、they、one、that、such”等常见代词的指代语义题，在学士学位英语考试里也比较常见。代

词指代的是名词或句子，因此对付这类题首先要靠寻读（scanning）来定位相关代词的出处，然后顺

藤摸瓜到上文寻找被替代成分。一般与该代词最近的名词（短语）或句子最有可能是被替代的成分。

例1：Theword"they"inthelastparagraphrefersto.

A.lawsB.courtsC.squattersD.representatives

原文：

NowtheBritaingovernmentishopingtointroducelawswhichwouldmakelifemoredifficultforsquatters

（长期霸占别人住房的人）.Theproposednewlawswouldallowcourtstoordersquatterstoleavea

propertywithin24hours.Iftheydidn't,theycouldbegivenasix-monthprisonsentence（andthereforea

criminalrecord）orafineofupto5,000pounds.Itwouldalsogivepoliceortherepresentativesofthe

courts-thebailiffs（法警）一morepowerstobreakintopropertytoforcesquatterstoleave.

【答案】C

【解析】they指代的是前一句话中的squatters,法律可以强制他们离开。

例2：Whatdoes"it"inline2canmostprobablybereplacedby?

A.Parentsincreasingchildren'slanguagedevelopment

B.Readingtechniquesbeingsimple

C.Parentsreadingtochildren

0.Children^intelligencedevelopment

原文:

Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheir

children'slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.

【答案】A

【解析】it指代的是前面一句话的内容，即给孩子们读书的父母极大的提高了孩

子的语言能力。所以答案是A。

(四)逻辑推理类

逻辑推理题与细节题有所相似，也是对文章具体内容进行判断。不同的是，它不但要求考生掌握文

章所表达的字面含义，还要求考生依靠自己的逻辑推理能力，从上下文的联贯性及相关暗示去明析

作者隐含的意思。难度大，出错也最多，究其原因，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解

和掌握。逻辑推理类问题的命题方式主要有以下几种：

(1)Wecaninfer(conclude,drawtheconclusion,learn)fromthepassagethat.

(2)ItcanbeinfeiTed(concluded)fromthepassagethat.

(3)Itisimpliedfromthesecondpassagethat.

(4)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

(5)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablydiscuss.

应试策略1：

一般来说，在一篇文章后的五道试题中，若该推理题出现在该篇首尾两道(第一道和第五道)，一

般为主题推理，也就是说要找到文章的主题句研读后方可得到正确答案；若该推理题出现在五道题

的中间部分，一般则是根据文章的细节部分进行推理，按照细节题细节定位基本原则也可以较快做

出选择。

如果对文章的主题进行推理，则要快速阅读文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句，找到文章的主

题句，然后进行推理和判断。

例1：(五道试题中的第一题)

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Childrenwhotalkalotaremoreintelligent.

B.Parentswholistentotheirchildrencanteachthemmore.

C.Activechildrenshouldreadmoreandbegivenmoreattention.

D.Verbalabilitycaneasilybedevelopedwithpropermethods.

原文：

Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheir

children'slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.Howparentstalktotheirchildrenmakesabig

differenceinthechildren'slanguagedevelopment.Ifaparentencouragesthechildtoactivelyrespondto

whattheparentisreading,thechild'slanguageskillsincrease.

Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedinthe

experimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.

【答案】D

【解析】原文开头就说到，通过采用一些小技巧，就可以大大提高孩子的语言

水平。由此可以推测出答案是D。

应试策略2：

逻辑推理题型重点在于由表及里挖掘言语深层含意(implication),所以一般在原文中不可能直接找

到现成的答案。对于那些在原文中已明确陈述了的(stated)选项，在选项内容综合分析时要首先排

除。

例2：Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

A.therewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarms

B.themostimportantoftheearlyinventionwastheironplow

C.after1869,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow

D.CharlesNewbolthadmadeafortunebyhiscast-ironplow

原文：

Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscare."InEurope"，saidThomas

Jefferson,t6theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingsufficient;hereitistomakethemostof

ourlabor,landbeingabundant".ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-century

agriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude(粗糙的)

plow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860,

mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearly

inventionswastheironplow...

【答案】A

【解析】IMitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant,意思是:

要充分利用劳动力，土地很多，言外之意就是说美国劳动力相对缺乏。

(五)态度题

测试考生通过对文章的理解，对作者说话的语气、态度和观点的把握。

提问方式：

Whafsthewriter'sattitudeto...?

What'sthetoneofthepassage?

Theauthor'sviewis.

Thewriter'sattitudeofthispassageisapparently.

Theauthorsuggeststhat.

Accordingtoauthor,.

应试策略：

1.有的文章观点明确，基调清楚，这时略读(skimming)文章的首尾段及段落的首尾句。如不能确

立文章基调，则需进一步研读某些细节，尤其应注意有些表明作者观点的词汇，如形容词、副词等。

特别要注意：inmyview,inmyopinion,Ithink,Iargue,asfarasIamconcerned等之类的表达,因为这

往往直接引出作者的观点与态度。

2.议论体裁的文章用以说服读者支持或驳斥某一观点，作者的态度一般为中心主题句所表达，所以

论述文作者的态度主要看主题句。

彳列1：Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthechangingofsuperstition-beliefis.

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.critical

D.neutral

【答案】A

【解析】原文结尾说到，英国人已经脱离了迷信的状态，即作者对迷信态度的

转变是乐观的，接受的。由此可以推测出答案是A。

原文：Superstitionisadifficultquestion.WecannotquitesaythatsuperstitioninBritainisdead.Itshistory

istoolongandtoorecentforthat,andindeedyouwillfindmanyremainsofitinmodernBritain,butthey

areonlyconnectedchieflywithvaguebeliefsofgoodluckandbackluck.Itisunlucky,forinstance,to

walkunderaladder,ortospillsalt,orbreakamirror,whereasahorseshoebringsgoodluck,andpeople

jokinglytouchwoodtopreventthereturnofapastmisfortune.Therearestillmanystrangecountry

remediesagainstsicknesswhichareobviouslysuperstitions.Mostofall,thereisstillasurprisingamount

ofinterestinfortune-telling,e.g.intheformof"horoscopes（占星术）"innewspapersandwomen's

magazines-thoughtformostpeoplethisisnothingmorethananamusement,whichtheymaywellbe

slightlyashamedof.

Butrealmeasureofsuperstitionisfear.InthissensethereisnosuperstitioninBritain.Britainpeopleasa

wholedonotbelieveinevilinfluencesorevilspirits.........Thus,modernBritainhaslargelyemergedfrom

superstition,andthefutureseemstoconsistnotofdevils,butofmatterandmachines.

应试策略3：

对于态度类题目，考生要牢记以下表示褒义、贬义及中性态度的常用词。阅读文章时如出现这些词

语，往往一个词就可以定乾坤，而不需要再花工夫去分析整篇文章。

褒义表达词:positive（肯定的），optimistic（乐观的），agreeable（赞同的），favorable（赞成

的），supporting（支持的），approving（赞同的），concerned（关心的）,interested（感兴趣的），

polite（有礼貌的），enthusiastic（热情的），constructive（有建设性的），reasonable（合理的）。

贬义表达词：critical（批评的），pessimistic（悲观的）,negative（消极的），ironic（讽刺的）,

suspicious（怀疑的），doubtful（怀疑的），indifferent（冷漠的），depressed（沮丧的），sarcastic

（嘲讽的）,disagreeable（厌恶的）,unfavorable（不赞同的）。

中性表达词:neutral（中立的），impartial（公正的），informative（提供信息的），objective（客

观的）。

三、阅读理解解题步骤

第一步：读文章的第一句话或者第一段，总结文章的主题；

第二步：阅读试题，找出全部五道试题中的标志词或关键词；然后根据标志词或关键词对每一道试

题在文章中的位置进行定位；

第三步：对比四个选项选出正确答案。

练习1：

l.Muchunfriendlyfeelingtowardscomputershasbeenbasedonthefearofwidespreadunemployment

resultingfromtheirintroduction.Computersareoftenusedaspartofautomatedproductionsystems

requiringaleastpossiblenumberofoperators,causingthelossofmanyjobs.Thishashappened,for

example,inmanysteelworks.

2.Ontheotherhand,computersdocreatejobs.Theyaremoreskilledandbetterpaid,thoughfewerin

numberthanthosetheyreplace.Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithoutcomputers,

nomatterhowmanypeopleareemployed.Examplesarethecheckclearingsystemofmajorbanksandthe

weatherforecastingsystem.

l.Theunfriendlyfeelingtowardscomputersisdevelopedfrom.

A.thepossiblewidespreadunemploymentcausedbytheirintroduction

B.theiruseaspartofautomatedproductionsystems

C.theleastpossiblenumberofoperators

D.theproductionsysteminsteelworks

【答案】A

【解析】原文第一句话说道：对电脑的不友好感觉来自于大规模的失业带给她

们的恐惧，只有A选项符合题意。本题也可采用点对点的答题方法，选项中只有

A选项中较多地出现原文单词，由此可以推测出答案是A。

2.Theunderlinedword"They"(Line1,Par.2)refersto.

A.computers

B.jobs

C.activities

□.systems

【答案】A

【解析】原文第二段第一行说道：另外一方面，计算机创造了一些岗位。一般

来说，代词指代的都是他前面句子中的名词，在前一句中，有两个名词，分别

是计算机和岗位。而这句话是说“他的技术更加娴熟并且购买时价格更加合理”，

因此应该是指代计算机。由此可以推测出答案是A。

2.Ontheotherhand,computersdocreatejobs.Theyaremoreskilledandbetterpaid,thoughfewerin

numberthanthosetheyreplace.Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithoutcomputers,

nomatterhowmanypeopleareemployed.Examplesarethecheckclearingsystemofmajorbanksandthe

weatherforecastingsystem.

3.Whenafirmintroducescomputers,afewpeopleareusuallyemployedinkeyposts(suchasjobsof

operationsmanagers)whileotherstaffarere-trainedasoperators,programmers,anddatapreparationstaff.

Afterthenewsystemhassettleddownpeopleinnon-computerjobsarenotalwaysreplacedwhenthey

leave,resultinginadecreaseinthenumberofemployees.Thisdecreaseissometimesbalancedbya

substantialincreaseintheactivityofthefirm,resultingfromtheintroductionofcomputers.

4.Theattitudesofworkerstowardscomputersvary.Thereisfearofwidespreadunemploymentandofthe

takeoverofmanyjobsbycomputer-trainedworkers,makingpromotionforolderworkersnotskilledin

computersmoredifficult.

5.0ntheotherhand,manyworkersregardthetrendtowardwideruseofcomputersinevitable.Theyrealize

thatcomputersbringaboutgreaterefficiencyandproductivity,whichwillimprovetheconditionofthe

wholeeconomy,andleadtothecreationofmorejobs.ThisviewwassupportedbytheformerBritish

PrimeMinister,JamesCallaghanin1979,whenhemadethepointthatnewtechnologiesholdthekeyto

increasedproductivity,whichwillbenefittheeconomyinthelongrun.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,withoutcomputers.

A.humanactivitiescouldnotcontinue

B.therecouldnotbeweatherforecastingsystems

C.manyactivitieswouldhavetochangetheirpresentform

D.bankswouldnotbeabletogoonwithcheckclearing

【答案】C

【解析】从第二段中Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithout

computers(没有计算机的话许多活动不能以他们现在的形势进行下去)可以找

到答案。A属于断章取义，意思不完整，B、D与题目无关。所以答案选C。

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatresultsfromtheintroductionofcomputers?

A.Afterre-training,allemployeesinthefirmgetnewjobs.

B.Aconsiderableproportionofpeopleareemployedinkeyposts.

C.Thefirmkeepsallofitsoriginalstaffmembers.

D.Thedecreaseinstaffmembersmaybebalancedbytheincreaseoffirmactivities.

【答案】D

【解析】从第三段最后一句话Thisdecreaseissometimesbalancedbyasubstantial

increaseintheactivityofthefirm,resultingfromtheintroductionofcomputers.可矢口

题目答案是D。

5JamesCallaghan'sattitudetowardscomputerscanbebestdescribedas.

A.doubtful

B.regretful

C.unfriendly

0.supportive

【答案】D

【解析】第五段中ThisviewwassupportedbytheformerBritishPrimeMinister,

JamesCallaghanin1979说明JamesCallaghan是支持这种观点的，第五段首句就

说明了这种观点是大家认同计算机的大规模使用是不可避免的。所以答案选D。

练习2：

1.Televisionhasopenedwindowsineverybody'slife.Youngmenwillneveragaingotowarastheydidin

1914.Millionsofpeoplenowhaveseentheeffectsofabattle.Andtheresulthasbeenageneraldislikeof

war,andperhapsmoreinterestinhelpingthosewhosufferfromalltheteiTiblethingsthathavebeen

shownonthescreen.

2.Televisionhasalsochangedpolitics.Themostdistantareascannowfollowstateaffairs,seeandhearthe

politiciansbeforeanelection.Betterinformed,peoplearemorelikelytovote,andsotomaketheiropinion

count.

3.Unfortunately,television'sinfluencehasbeenextremelyharmfultotheyoung.Childrendonothave

enoughexperiencetorealizethatTVshowspresentanunrealworld;thatTVadvertisementslietosell

productsthataresometimesbadoruseless.Theybelievethattheviolencetheyseeisnormaland

acceptable.Alleducatorsagreethatthe''televisiongenerations"aremoreviolentthantheirparentsand

grandparents.

4.Also,theyoungarelesspatient.UsedtoTVshows,whereeverythingisquickandinteresting,theydo

nothavethepatiencetoreadanarticlewithoutpictures;toreadabookthatrequiresthinking;tolistentoa

teacherwhodoesn'tdofunnythingslikethepeopleonchildren'sprograms.Andtheyexpectallproblems

tobesolvedhappilyinten,fifteen,orthirtyminutes.That?sthetimeittakesonthescreen.

l.Inthepast,manyyoungpeople.

A.knewtheeffectsofwar

B.wentinforpolitics

C.likedtosavethewoundedinwars

D.werewillingtobesoldiers

【答案】D

【解析】题干的题意其实是在问：在过去，许多的年轻人对待战争的态度是怎

样的。通过阅读第一段可知，现在的年轻人通过看电视了解了战争的残酷性，

他们再也不想像过去那样，年轻人都愿意去参兵加入战争，因此本题应该选D,

需要反过来思考。

2.NowwithTVpeoplecan.

A.discusspoliticsataninformationcenter

B.showmoreinterestinpolitics

C.maketheirowndecisionsonpoliticalaffairs

0.expresstheiropinionsfreely

【答案】B

【解析】本题为细节考查加推断题。根据Betterinformed,peoplearemorelikelyto

vote,andsotomaketheiropinioncount.句意为：有了电视机之后，人们可以关注

政治局势的进展，更有可能去参与这些活动，也就是说人们对政治更加的感兴

趣，故应该选择B。

3.TheauthorthinksthatTVadvertisements.

A.arenotreliableonthewhole

B.areuselesstopeople

C.areagoodguidetoadults

D.areveryharmfultotheyoung

【答案】D

【解析】本题为细节考查题。由第三段第二句话Childrendonothaveenough

experiencetorealizethatTVshowspresentanunrealworld;thatTVadvertisements

lietosellproductsthataresometimesbadoruseless.可以知道，电视广告为了销售

一些不好或者无用的商品有时会对观众撒谎，可是年轻人往往不能识破真相，

因此应该选Do

4.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Peoplehavebecomeusedtocrimesnow.

B.WithaTVsetsomeproblemscanbesolvedquickly.

C.Peoplenowliketoreadbookswithpictures.

D.Theadultsarelessviolentthantheyoung.

【答案】B

【解析】本题为细节考查加推断题。由文章的第三段和第四段可知A、C、D三

个选项都是正确的，唯有选项B是不符合原文的，因此B项是不正确的。

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat.

A.childrenshouldkeepawayfromTV

B.TVprogramsshouldbeimproved

C.children'sbooksshouldhavepictures

D.TVhasadeepinfluenceontheyoung

【答案】D

【解析】本题为推断能力考查题。其它三个选项都部分涉及到与文章相关的内

容，但是D项概括得更准确、更全面，故为正确答案。

四、考试中遇到的问题及其解决办法

问题1：读懂了问题，找到了试题中的关键词，但找不到试题在文章中的位置。

原因：出题人对试题的题干进行了改写，没有使用文章中的原句，而是对主要的单词进行了同义词

替换。

答题方法：注意试题里面的关键词，再在文章中寻找是否出现了它的同义词；同时使用模糊定位法,

因为试题的顺序和文章的顺序是一致的。

例1：

1.1hearmanyparentscomplainthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyou

oughttobegrowingaway,fromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourownfeet.Buttakea

goodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthatthey

disagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareholdingone

another*shandsforreassurance（放心）.

2.Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnew

directionsinmusic.Buttheyallenduplisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractingin

suchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon（茧）intoalargercocoon.

1.（五道试题中的第一题）

Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,butinfactmost

ofthem.

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithanyproblemsalone

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

【答案】B

【解析】原文第一段第四行提到，作者支持孩子的反叛，但是现在的孩子却缺

乏反叛，都用同样的方式来表达对父母的反驳。也就是说他们缺乏自信。由此

可以推测出答案是B。

五、如何通过选项猜答案

1.概括性原则

在答案选项分析中，假如A选项的内容概括了其它三项（或其中某一项）的内容，那么我们就说选

项A