心形零件凹模的数控编程及仿真加工毕业论文设计

本科毕业论文(设计)题目心形零件凹模的数控编程及仿真加工 指导教师I湖南涉外经济学院本科毕业论文(设计)诚信声明本人声明：所呈交的本科毕业论文(设计)是本人在指导老师的指导IWiththedevelopmentofnumericalcontroltechnology,numericalcontrolexpansion.Itisimportanttosomeofthedevelopmentofindustrythatplaysamoreandmoreimportantrole.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,numericalcontroltechnologyisinthedevelopmentofupdates.Now,numcontroltechnologyarecalledcomputernumericalcontrapplicationofCAD/CAMisapNumericalcontroltechnologyishighlytechnicalwork,especiallyinthemolddomain.Practitionersrequiprogrammingknowledgeandskills.Tandmachining,comprehensiveknowledgeofprofessionalknowledge,comprehensivemobilepower,Udisk,displaytheseplasticmolddesignandproductaspectofprecisionplasticparts,precisionhasreachedIT6-IT7level,thegenerallevelofroughnesscanreacarealsocanbeuptoonemilliontimes.Intheproces I 1.1研究的背景 1 21.3论文结构 2 32.1零件数控加工分析 32.1.1零件分析 32.1.2工艺分析 32.1.3工序安排 32.2心形凹模加工工序表 42.2.1加工参数设置 4 5 82.2.4凹槽侧壁精加工 2.2.5生成的部分NC代码(详细代码请见附录A) 3.1零件加工图样分析 3.2机床的选择 3.3夹具的选择和零件的装夹 3.4刀具的选择 3.5工序和工件原点设置 3.6走刀路线 V3.8对刀及刀补值 3.10本章小结 11.1研究的背景化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，对国计民生的一些重要行业国防、汽车等的发展起着越来越重要的作用，这些行业装备数字化已是现代发展的大趋势，如：桥式三、五坐标高速数控龙门铣床、龙门移动式五座标随着数控系统核心处理器性能的进步，目前高速加工中心进给速度最高可达80m/min,空运行速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min,快速为100m/min,加速度达2g,主轴转速已达60000r/min。加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用30min,而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3小时，在普通铣床加工需8小时。由于机构各组件分工的专业化，在专业主轴厂的开发下，主轴高速化日益普及。过去只用于汽车工业高速化的机种(每分钟1.5万转以上的机种),现在随着伺服控制技术和传感器技术的进步，在数控系统的控制下，机床可以执行亚微米级的精确运动。在加工精度方面，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精由于计算机硬件的标准化和模块化，以及软件模块化，开放化技术的日益成熟，数控技术开始进入开放化的阶段。开放适应性、扩展性。美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业设计(论文)2的研究和制定，世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和技术规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。随着产品外观曲线的复杂化致使模具加工技术必须不断升级，对数控系统提出了新的需求。机床五轴加工、六轴加工已日益普及，机床加工的复合化已是不可避免的发展趋势。新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或接或间接控制。1.2研究的意义1.3论文结构32.1零件数控加工分析2.1.2工艺分析(1)工件安装(2)加工坐标系z)工件顶面2.1.3工序安排工步分为3个：平面精加工(粗加工后)、凹槽粗加工和凹槽侧壁精加工。42.2心形凹模加工工序表表2.1刀具选择转速序号加工内容加工方式刀具n进给mm/min1平面粗加工面铣φ50平底刀2平面精加工面铣Φ50平底刀3凹槽粗加工平面铣4凹槽精加工平面铣平平面铣图2.2工序2.2.1加工参数设置52.2.2平面加工(1)创建面铣操作图2.3创建面铣操作(2)创建刀具图2.4创建刀具6(3)选择几何体(4)设置操作参数选择深度切削，安全深度100,参考高度100,工件表面-1.0。7图2.7设置刀具参数图2.8设置铣削方式参数82.2.3凹槽粗加工(1)创建平面铣操作。图2.9创建平面铣操作(2)选择部件图2.10选择部件9(3)选择底面(4)设置操作对话框图2.12设置进刀模式参数图2.13设置下刀模式参数图2.14设置补正参数间距设置为5,使用电脑补正方式。(5)生成刀路图2.15生成刀路(6)刀路确认图2.16刀路确认2.2.4凹槽侧壁精加工(1)设置操作对话框图2.17设置刀具参数图2.19设置下刀模式参数图2.20设置补正参数间距为5,电脑补正方式。(2)生成的刀路图2.21生成的刀路2.2.5生成的部分NC代码(详细代码请见附录A)N110Z10.N112G1Z-.8F50.N114X-19.997Y80.F200.N116X20.002N118X-80.Y-20.002N120Y-60.001N124X80.Y60.001N126X-60.001Y-80.N128X-20.002N130X80.Y20.002N132Y-19.997N136G0Z100.N140X-80.Y49.998N142Z10.N146X80.F100.N150G1X-80.N158G1X-80.N162G1X80.N166G1X-80.N170M5N176M01N182G43H2Z100.N184Z10.N186G1Z-2.96F50.N188G2X-3.6Y-.959I0.J3.6N190X0.Y2.641I3.6J0.N192X3.6Y-.959I0.J-3.6N194X0.Y-4.559I-3.6J0.N196G1X-.126Y-4.585图3.1零件加工图样3.2机床的选择生产制造出来的7。图3.2选择机床3.3夹具的选择和零件的装夹图3.3夹具参数设置3.4.2数控铣加工刀具的选择原则加工零件时用到的铣削刀具如表3-1所示，其硬度均为HBS为215~315。表3.1铣削刀具的选择刀号材料直径刀具类型长度用途12高速钢高速钢平底刀平底刀端面粗-精加工挖槽粗-精加工图3.4选择刀具3.5工序和工件原点设置3.5.1工序划分的原则加工工序分散指将加工分散在较多的加工工序内进行，每一道工序加工的内容很3.5.2型芯的工序(1)端面粗-精加工凹模端面是合模接触时最重要的部分，应进行粗加工，采用面刀具性能以及精加工要求选择主轴转速1000r/min,进给量100mm/min。(2)凹槽侧壁粗-精加工。根据型腔零件的侧壁来分析，侧面加工使用挖槽的方式进行精加工。侧面精加工采用φ12刀角半径12mm的圆角刀，刀具材料为高速钢，硬度为225~325HBS。根据刀具性能和精加工要求选择主轴转速1200r/min,进给量(3)各工步的工艺参数。表3.2型芯加工工步号加工内容加工方式刀具直径转速进给速度1端面粗-精加工面铣加工φ50平底刀2挖槽粗-精加工平行铣削φ12平底刀3.5.3加工原点设置机床上一个不动或者确定的点一般是工件在机床上安放时的一个很重要的参考加湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业设计(论文)3.6走刀路线3.7切削用量的确定数控铣削时的切削用量包括切削速度U、背吃刀量ap、进给量f。切削用量的选择原则是开始选用合理铣削用量对提高数控铣床的加工精度是最重床刚度允许的情况下，选择尽量大的背吃刀量ap;第二选择较大的进给量f;第三根据刀量，尽量提高切削速度。主轴转速S(r/min)可根据切削速度u(mm/min)由公式S=u1000/πD(D为工件或刀/具直径mm)计算得出7。铣削加工的切削速度Vc可查表3.3选取，湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业设计(论文)表3.3切削速度Vc工件材料硬度高速钢铣刀硬质合金铣刀碳钢易切材料表3.4铣刀每齿进给量工件材料每齿进给量fz(mm/齿)铸铁粗铣高速钢铣刀硬质合金铣刀高速钢铣刀精铣硬质合金铣刀0.10~0.153.8对刀及刀补值表3.5刀补值，长度补偿、半径补偿刀具名称刀补号长度补偿(mm)半径补偿(mm)是否基准刀平底刀15否圆角刀205是3.9机床模拟加工图3.6零件上表面粗铣湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业设计(论文)图3.7零件上表面精铣图3.8换刀图3.9心形凹槽粗铣图3.10心形凹槽精铣湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业设计(论文)图3.11加工完成3.10本章小结在本章中，第一根据加工零件的外形确定其加工的种类和类型，确定最好的加工方总结到了21世纪，在经济全球化的新形势下，随着资本、技术和劳动力市场的重新整要考虑：(1)塑料制件的批量以及交货的周期。(2)质量控制要求。(3)成型的塑料品种和塑件的形状及尺寸。(4)塑料制件的成本。(5)型腔的布局。这次设计选用为一模[5]成大仙.机械设计手册(第5版)[M].[6]孟少龙.机械加工工艺手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1992[7]许祥泰.数控加工编程实用技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2004[8]李斌.数控加工技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2001[9]王先逵.机械制造工艺[M].北京；机械工业出版社，1995[10]余英良.数控加工编程及操作[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2004湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业论文(设计)附录A数控仿形加工生成的NC代码N106G0G90G54X-8N110Z10.N112G1Z-.8F50.N114X-19.997Y80.F200.N116X20.002N118X-80.Y-20.002N120Y-60.001N122X60.001Y80.N124X80.Y60.001N126X-60.001Y-80.N128X-20.002N130X80.Y20.002N132Y-19.997N136G0Z100.N140X-80.Y49.998N142Z10.N144G1Z-1.FN146X80.F100.N150G1X-80.N152GOY10.N156G0Y-10.N178N180N182N184N186N188N190N192N194N196N198N200N202N204N206N208N210N212N214N216N218N220N222N224N226N228N230N232N234N236N238N240N242N244N246N248N250N252N254N256N258N260Z10.G1Z-2.96F50.X0.Y2.641I3.6J0.X3.6Y-.959I0.J-3.6X0.Y-4.559I-3.6J0.X-.509Y-4.622X-.895Y-4.602X-1.024Y-4.583X-1.153Y-4.558X-1.281Y-4.527X-1.409Y-4.489X-1.537Y-4.446X-1.789Y-4.342X-2.038Y-4.215X-2.161Y-4.143X-2.282Y-4.066X-2.521Y-3.896X-2.638Y-3.804X-2.753Y-3.706X-2.867Y-3.604X-2.978Y-3.497X-3.088Y-3.385X-3.196Y-3.27X-3.302Y-3.149X-3.405Y-3.025X-3.506Y-2.897X-3.606Y-2.764X-3.702Y-2.628X-3.797Y-2.489X-3.889Y-2.345N262N264N266N268N270N272N274N276N278N280N282N284N286N288N290N292N294N296N298N300N302N304N306N308N310N312N314N316N318N320N322N324N326N328N330N332N334N336N338N340N342N344N346X-4.066X-4.15X-4.232X-4.312X-4.389X-4.464X-4.536X-4.606X-4.673X-4.737X-4.799X-4.859X-4.916X-4.971X-5.024X-5.074X-5.121X-5.157X-5.181X-5.191X-5.187X-5.167X-5.132X-5.082X-5.017X-4.938X-4.847X-4.743X-4.629X-4.508X-4.114X-3.85X-3.715X-3.573X-2.953X-2.785Y-1.421Y-1.258Y-1.092Y-.924Y-.408Y-.232Y-.055Y.123Y.302Y.483Y.665Y.853Y1.046Y1.242Y1.44Y1.637Y1.833Y2.024Y2.208Y2.385Y2.705Y2.845Y3.25Y3.565Y3.593湖南涉外经济学院本科生毕业论文(设计)N358X-1.68Y3.725N364X-1.073Y3.774N366X-.864Y3.789N368X-.652Y3.803N370X-.437Y3.817N374X0.Y3.844N380X.671Y3.885N382X.898Y3.899N384X1.126Y3.914N386X1.354Y3.93N392X2.044Y3.982N394X2.274Y4.003N398X2.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