职称英语综合类a级模拟5

职称英语综合类A级模拟5

第1部分：词汇选项

1、Thecuriouslookfromthestrangersaroundhermadeherfeeluneasy.

A.difficultB.worriedC.anxiousD.

unhappy

2、Theconferenceexploredthepossibilityofclosertradelinks.

A.rejectedB.investigatedC.proposedD.

postponed

3、Hehasapassionateinterestinmusic.

A.enthusiasticB.perfectC.practicalD.

funny

4、Wederiveknowledgemainlyfrombooks.

A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace

5、HehasaveryoutgoingpersonalityandmakesMendsveryeasily.

A.capacityB.characterC.realityD.

attitude

6、Theroomwasfurnishedwiththesimplestessentials,abed,achair,and

atable.

A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.made

7、Thelocalgovernmentdecidedtomergethetwofirmsintoabigone.

A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate

8、Heemphasizedafeasibleplanwhichcanbeacceptedbythebothsides.

A.favorableB.possibleC.formalD.

genuine

9、Whendoesthenexttraindepart?

A.pullupB.pulldownC.pulloutD.pull

in

10、HisnoveldepictsanambitiousAmerican.

A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.

indicates

11>Thetownisnotableforitsbeautifulsceneryinwinter.

A.similarB.promptC.profoundD.famous

12>Heisassignedtooverseetheproductionoftheassemblylines.

A.superviseB.watchC.suspectD.predict

13>Hedecidedtoovercomehisshortcomings.

A.convertB.convictC.conquerD.convey

14>Soldiershavetoobeyorders.

A.replytoB.applyforC.abidewithD.

complywith

15、SheworeagorgeousVictoriangownwhichwassaidtobeworththousands

ofdollars.

A.beautyB.splendidC.expensiveD.

simple

第2部分：阅读判断

IntheGlobalEconomy

Mostnationstoday—regardlessoftheirdegreeofeconomicdevelopment

ortheirpoliticalphilosophiesmrecognizetheimportanceofmarketing.Indeed,

economicgrowthindevelopingnationsdependsgreatlyontheabilitytodesign

effectivemarketingsystemsfortheirrawmaterialsandindustrialoutput.

Today,aglobalmarketplaceisemerging.Inmany(perhapsmost)national

marketszcompaniesfornumerouscountriescompeteaggressively.

ConsidertheUSmarketforexample.Untilthelate1970sztheUnitedStates

providedalargedomesticmarketforAmericanfirms,andtherewasnosignificant

foreigncompetitioninmostindustriesinthatmarket.Butthepicturechanged

dramaticallythroughthe1980sasforeignfirmsimprovedtheirproductsand

theirmarketingexpertise,andthensuccessfullyenteredtheAmericanmarket.

Manyimportedproductshaveachievedlargesalesmofficeequipment,autos,

apparelszwatcheszsemiconductorszandconsumerelectronicsforexample.As

aresulttheUnitedStateshasbeenrunninglargeannualtradedeficits,meaning

thatimportsgreatlyexceedexports.

Intheearly1980szthecompetitionfacingUSfirmscameprimarilyfrom

Japanesecompanies.Later,companiesinthefour"Asiantigers"addedto

competitivepressures.Inthe1990s,continuingcompetitionfromthesePacific

RimcountriesandregionswillbeaugmentedbyanewchallengefromWestern

Europe.Startingin1992zthe12-nationEuropeancommunitywilleliminate

internaltradebarriersandadoptuniformtechnical,financialzandmarketing

standards.AmoreintegratedEuropeanCommunitywillopenmajormarketing

opportunitiesforinternationallymindedUSfirms,butatthesametime,it

isexpectedtostiffencompetition.

MoreandmoreAmericanfirms—manylargeonesandevensomerathersmall

ones--aremovingintoforeignmarkets.Manycompaniesareconcludingthat

achievingprofitandgrowthobjectivesismostlikelythroughacombination

ofdomesticandinternationalmarketingratherthansolerelianceondomestic

marketing.

16>Economicgrowthindevelopingnationsdependsmoreontheability,to

designeffectivemarketingsystemsthanthedevelopednations.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Aglobalmarketplacemeansfiercecompetitionamongcompanies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Inthe1980s,foreignfirmsenteredtheAmericandomesticmarketbyoffering

theirproductsatapricemuchlowerthanthatoftheproductsproducedby

Americanfirms.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、TheUShasbeenimportingmuchmoregoodsthanwhatithasbeenexporting.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Inthe1990s,accordingtothepassage,westernEuropeancountrieswill

displaceJapanandthefour"Asiantigers"asthemajorsourceofcompetition

forUSfirms.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>AfurtherintegrationofEuropeanCommunitymaybringmoreUScompetitors

intothemarketofitsmembernations.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>ManyAmericancompaniesareseekingco-operationwithforeigncompanies

soastopromoteforeignmarketing.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

HowDidEnglishBecomeaGlobalLanguage

TheriseofEnglishisaremarkabletaleasProfessorDavidCrystalreminds

usinhisattractive,shortbookEnglishasaGlobalLanguage.

Itiscertainlyquiteatheme.WhenJuliusCaesarlandedinBritainmore

than2z000yearsago,Englishdidnotexit.Fivehundredyearslater,English,

virtuallyincomprehensibletomodemears,wasprobablyspokenbyaboutas

fewpeopleascurrentlyspeakCherokeezthelanguageofasmallNorthAmerican

Indiantribeandwithaslittleinfluence.About1,000yearslater,atthe

endofthe16thcentury,andaftertheNormanConquestzthereformationand

thearrivalofcommercialprintingtechnology,Englishwasthenativespeech

ofbetween5millionand7millionpeople.Andyetnowlookatit.Asthe

secondmillenniumapproaches,Englishismorewidelyscattered,morewidely

spokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguagehaseverbeen.Inthetitleof

thebookithasbecomeatrulygloballanguage.AccordingtoDavidCrystalz

1

about2.09billionpeoplezwelloverone-thirdoftheworldspopulationare

routinelyexposedtoit.

Asherightlypointsout,whatisimpressiveaboutthisstaggeringfigure

is"notsomuchthegrandtotalbutthespeedwithwhichtheexpansionhas

takenplacesincethe19501s.In1950,thecaseforEnglishasaworldlanguage

wouldhavebeennomorethanplausible.Fiftyyearsonandthecaseisvirtually

won."

Sowhathappened?

Someoneoncesaidthatalanguageisadialectwithanarmyandanavy.

Inotherwords,whentheBritishnavysetouttoconquertheworld,itset

outan"army"ofEnglishspeakers.AstheBritish

empirespreadthroughouttheworld,Englishbecamethebasisoflaw,commerce

andeducation.TheBritishempirewassucceededbyanother(theAmerican),

whichsharedvirtuallythesamelinguisticheritage.AmericanEnglish,which

hasbecometherocket-fueloftheEnglishlanguage,hasmagicallyfoundits

wayintoareasundreamedof40zletalone400yearsago.

ThemostvaluablepartofCrystal1sstudyisthesectiondevotedtoaspeedy

analysisoftheculturalbasisofthisglobalreach,notablytheinfluence

ofbroadcasting,presszadvertising,popularmusicandfilm.Heisalso

up-to-dateandinformativeinhisidentificationoftheWorld-Wide-Wedas

apowerfulreinforceofAmericanculturalandlinguisticdominance.

OneofhismostinterestingpassagesconcernstheroleplayedbytheLeague

ofNationszandlatertheUnitedNations,inspreadingEnglishasan

internationallanguageintheaftermathofthetwoworldwars.

Whatdoesthefuturehold?Tothisquestion,Crystalproposesthe.

recognitionofanewformofEnglish—WSSE(WorldStandardSpokenEnglish)

—whichalmostbydefinitionrulesoutthepossibilitythatEnglishwould

fragmentintomutuallyunintelligiblelanguagesasLatinoncedid."English,

insomeshapeorform,willfinditselfintheserviceoftheworldcommunity

forever,nCrystalwrites.

23、Paragraph2

A.ThefutureofEnglish

B.ThespeedofthespreadofEnglish

C.Theroleplayedbycultureandthenet

D.Theroleplayedbymilitaryexpansion

E.Theroleplayedbyeducation

F.The2,000yearsofEnglish

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

27、ThekindofEnglishspoken1,500yearsagowassodifferentfromtheEnglish

wespeaktoday.

A.becauseoftheirsimilarity

B.thatwewouldnotbeabletounderstanditatall

C.tothepopularizationofEnglishasaworldlanguage

D.thetrendtobecomeaglobelanguage

E.whatoncehappenedtoLatin

F.but.thespeedwithwhich

28、Whatimpressespeoplemostisnottheincreasingnumberofspeakersof

Englishfoundovertheworldthelanguagespreadedinthepasthalf

centuryorso.

29、Thetwointernationalorganizationsfoundedafterthetwoworldwarsmade

theircontribution.

30>Crystalexpressesthebeliefthatinthefuturewillnothappen

toEnglish.

第4部分：阅读理解

第—、售

EffectsofEnvironmentalPollution

Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosols

（浮质）intheatmospherewillcausetheonset（开始）ofaniceageinabout

fiftyyear'stime.ThisconclusionreachedbyDrS.I.RasoolandDrS.H.

ScheideroftheUnitedStatesGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,answertheapparently

conflictingquestionsofwhetheranincreaseinthecarbondioxide（二氧化

碳）contentoftheatmospherewillcausetheEarthwarmuporincreasingthe

aerosolquestionisdominant.

Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospectthat

environmentalpollutionmightleadtotheplanet1sbecomingunbearablyhot

orcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid,becauseitseemsthateven

anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheretoeighttimes

itspresentvaluewillproduceanincreaseintemperatureofonly2℃,which

wouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousandyears.Buttheotherproblemnowlooms

largerthanever.

Aerosolsarecollectionofsmallliquidorsolidparticlesdispersedin

airorsomeothermedium.Theparticlesareallsotinythateachiscomposed

ofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycanfloatintheairfor

averylongtime.Perhapsthemostcommonlyexperiencedaerosolisindustrial

smog（烟雾）ofthekindthatplaguedLondoninthe1950sandisanevengreater

probleminLosAngelestoday.ThesecollectionsofaerosolsreflecttheSun1s

heatandtherebycausetheEarthtocool.

DrRasoolandDrSchneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffectofadustaerosol

layerjustabovetheEarth1ssurfaceinthetemperatureoftheplanet.As

thelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetweentheamountofheat

absorbedfromtheSunandtheamountradiatedfromtheEarthisdisturbed.

TheaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchoftheSun*slightbutalsotransmits

theinfrared（红外线）radiationfrombelow.So,whiletheheatinputtosurface

dropszthelossofheatremainshighuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalanced

state.

Withinfiftyyearszifnostepsaretakentostopthespreadofaerosols

intheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5〜Cseemsinevitable.

Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyearsitwouldstartanothericeage,andbecause

thegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselvesreflectmuchoftheSun*s

radiationitwouldprobablycontinuetodevelopeveniftheaerosollayer

weredestroyed.

Theonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehopeexpressed

byDrRasoolandDrSchneiderthatnuclearpowdermayreplacefossilfuels

intimetopreventtheaerosolcontentofatmospherefrombecomingcritical.

31、Theauthor1smainpurposeinwritingthearticleistowarnof.

A.warmweather

B.hotweather

C.anewiceage

D.anewiceberg

32>ThewordHspecters"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.

A.,,pollutionn

B."carbondioxiden

C."aerosols"

D."ghosts"

33、Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A.Londonwasplaguedwithratsinthe1950s.

B.Londoniscoveredwithsmogtoday.

C.Londonwaspollutedbysmoginthe1950s.

D.LosAngelesisasheavilypollutedtodayasLondonwasinthe1950s.

34、Whatwillhappenifthedustaerosollayerdevelops?

A.Theearthwillgetextremelyhot.

B.ThebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunandthe

amountlostcouldhardlybemaintained.

C.ThelightoftheSuncouldnolongerreachthesurfaceoftheEarth.

D.InfraredradiationcouldnolongerbetransmittedfromtheEarthtoouter

space.

35、Theonlywaytostopthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,according

toDrRasoolandDrSchneider,istouse.

A.fossilfuels

B.electricpower

C.nuclearenergy

D.coalpower

弟一局

UndergroundCoalFiresaLoomingCatastrophe

CoalburningdeepundergroundinChina,IndiaandIndonesiaisthreatening

theenvironmentandhumanlife,scientistshavewarned.Theselarge-scale

undergroundblazescausethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurroundings

vegetation,producegreenhousegasesandcanevenigniteforestfires,apanel

ofscientiststoldtheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationforthe

AdvancementofScienceinDenver.Theresultingreleaseofpoisonouselements

likearsenicandmercurycanalsopollutelocalwatersourcesandsoils,they

warned.

"Coalfiresareaglobalcatastrophe,HsaidAssociateProfessorGlenn

StracherofEastGeorgiaCollegeinSwainsboro；USA.Butsurprisinglyfew

peopleknowaboutthem.

Coalcanheatuponitsown,andeventuallycatchfireandburn,ifthere

isacontinuousoxygensupply.Theheatproducedisnotcausedtodisappear

andundertherightcombinationsofsunlightandoxygen,cantriggerspontaneous

catchingfireandburning.Thiscanoccurunderground,incoalstockpiles,

abandonedminesorevenascoalistransported.SuchfiresinChinaconsume

upto200milliontonesofcoalperyear,delegatesweretold,Incomparison,

theUSeconomyconsumesaboutonebilliontonsofcoalannually,saidStracherz

whoseanalysisofthelikelyimpactofcoalfireshasbeenacceptedfor

publicationintheInternationalJournalofCoalEcology,onceunderway,coal

firescanburnfordecades,evencenturies.Intheprocessztheyreleaselarge

volumesofgreenhousegases；poisonousgasesfumesandblackparticlesin

totheatmosphere.

Themembersofthepaneldiscussedtheimpactthesefiresmaybehaving

onglobalandregionalclimatechangezandagreedthattheundergroundnature

ofthefiresmakesthemdifficulttoprotect.Oneofthemembersofthepanel,

AssistantProfessorPaulVanDijkoftheInternationalInstitutefor

Geo-InformationScienceandEarthObservationintheNetherlands,hasbeen

workingwiththeChinesegovernmenttodetectandmonitorfiresinthenorthern

regionsofthecountry.

Ultimately,theremotesensingandothertechniquesshouldallowscientists

toestimatehowmuchcarbondioxidethesesfiresareemitting.Onesuggested

methodofcontainingthefireswaspresentedbyCaryColaozzizoftheengineering

firmGoodson,whichhasdevelopedaheat-resistantgrout(athinmortarused

tofillcracksandcrevices),whichisdesignedtobepumpedintothecoal

firetocutofftheoxygensupply.

36、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,oneofthewarningsgivenbythescientists

isthat_______.

A.undergroundfiresloomlargeintheforests

B.coalburningdeepundergroundisfoundinChina

C.poisonouselementsreleasedbytheundergroundfirescanpollutewater

sources

D.arsenicandmercuryarethemostpoisonouselementstowatersources

37、Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whatwillhappenwhentheunderground

heatdoesnotdisappear?

A.Coalheatsuponitsownandcatchesfireandburns.

B.Theundergroundoxygenwillbeusedup.

C.Poisonousfumesandgreenhousegaseswillbeaccumulatedunderground.

D.Therewillbeanincreasesofabandonedmines.

38^WhatdidStracheranalyzeinhisarticlepublishedintheInternational

JournalofCoalEcology?

A.AnnualconsumptionofcoalinUS.

B.AnnualconsumptionofcoalinChina.

C.HowlongcoalfireshaslastedinthenorthernregionofChina.

D.Coalfirescanhaveanimpactontheenvironment.

39、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPaulVanDijkisNOTtrue?

A.Hewasoneofthescientistswhohavewarnedagainstthethreatsof

undergroundfires.

B.HehasdetectedandmonitoredundergroundfiresinNetherlands.

C.HehasworkedwiththeChinesegovernmentontheundergroundfiresissue.

D.HeworksforaresearchinstituteinNetherlands.

40、Accordingtothefifthparagraph,whatisthesuggestedmethodtocontrol

undergroundfires?

A.Usingremotesensingtechniques.

B.Controllingthereleaseofcarbondioxide.

C.Makingthesoilheatresistant.

D.Cuttingofftheoxygensupply.

第二篇

MedicalJournals

Medicaljournalsarepublicationsthatreportmedicalinformationto

physiciansandotherhealthprofessionals.

Inthepastzthesejournalswereavailableonlyinprint.Withthedevelopment

ofelectronicpublishing,manymedicaljournalsnowhaveWebsitesonthe

Internet,andsomejournalspublishonlyonline.Afewmedicaljournals,like

theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,areconsideredgeneralmedical

journalsbecausetheycovermanyfieldsofmedicine.Mostmedicaljournals

arespecialtyjournalsthatfocusonaparticularareaofmedicine.

Medicaljournalspublishmanytypesofarticles.Researcharticlesreport

theresultsofresearchstudiesonarangeoftopicsvaryingfromthebasic

mechanismsofdiseasestoclinicaltrialsthatcompareoutcomesofdifferent

treatments.Reviewarticlessummarizeandanalyzetheinformationavailable

onaspecifictopicbasedonacarefulsearchofthemedicalliterature.

Becausetheresultsofindividualresearchstudiescanbeaffectedbymany

factorszcombiningresultsfromdifferentstudiesonthesametopiccanbe

helpfulinreachingconclusionsaboutthescientificevidenceforpreventing,

diagnosingortreatingaparticulardisease.Caseconferencesandcasereports

maybepublishedinmedicaljournalstoeducatephysiciansaboutparticular

illnessesandhowtotreatatthem.Editorialsinmedicaljournalsareshort

essaysthatexpresstheviewsoftheauthors,oftenregardingaresearchor

reviewarticlepublishedinthesameissue.

Editorialsprovideperspectiveonhowthecurrentarticlefitswithother

informationonthesametopic.Letterstotheeditorprovideawayforreaders

ofthemedicaljournaltoexpresscomments,questionsorcriticismsabout

articlespublishedinthatjournal.

41>Themainreadersofmedicaljournalsare.

A.thegeneralpublic

B.healthprofessionals

C.medicalcritics

D.newsreporters

42、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Manymedicaljournalsalsopublishonline.

B.Afewmedicaljournalsaregeneralmedicaljournals.

C.Most